scholarly journals Problems of globalization

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Bosko Telebakovic

The world has been going through the process of economical, political and cultural integration for a long time. At the end of the 20th century, the integration received a new meaning. In the world?s policy, sovereign countries were in conflict or collaborated earlier. A stricter hierarchy of economical and political power hubs is being established now. In such processes of globalization, differences in development, wealth and power arise, people are less safe, the sovereignity of national states is being violated. The story of equality remains in the sense of disappearance of cultural differences in floods of non-cultural culture. It is difficult to talk about democracy when the world?s power is getting stronger and stronger. Is it possible to have a globalization which would not affect human rights, and which would not prevent people from taking care of truth, freedom and happiness?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.


2018 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Joan Maria Esteban

Over the second half of the 20th century, the frequency of conflicts within national boundaries increased. One-third of all countries experienced civil conflict. There are two remarkable facts about social conflict that deserve attention: first, within-country conflicts account for an enormous share of deaths and hardship in the world today, and second, internal conflicts often appear to be ethnic in nature. Which factors influence social conflict? Do ethnic divisions predict conflict within countries? How do we conceptualize those divisions? If ethnic cleavages and conflicts are related, how do we interpret such a result? Is ethnicity instrumental achieving political power or economic gain? We provide indices of ethnic diversity in the society, fractionalization and ethnic polarization, and find significant relationships with respect to social conflict.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Syaiful Anam

The debate over the universality of Universal Declaration of Human Rights remains taking place. Apart from the fact that the document remains popular and has been encouraged by many countries around the world. The debate revolves around values and cultural differences among countries claiming that Western values have been predominating the content of the declaration itself. This essay argues that the dispute towards the universality of UDHR would likely form a robust standard and values of internationally recognized human rights as long as a cross-cultural and cross-philosophical talk could be encouraged.


2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Meister

In the lexicon of rights, the concept ofhumanrights can play a wide variety of roles. Human rights can be defined as substantive natural rights that transcend politics and culture or as the rights that underlie political and cultural differences. They can be defined narrowly as rights that could be asserted against enemies in war or, more broadly, as the aspirational goals to which governments are held accountable by their citizens and the world. Despite their lack of recognition in covenant and positive law through much of the twentieth century, human rights are increasingly asserted on the basis of such recognition. To some, human rights are simply the sine qua non (procedural? biological?) for asserting other rights, whatever these may be. In this paper I do not choose among these uses of the concept of human rights by propounding a single definition; neither do I defend or criticize human rights in general.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yussef Campos

Democracy in Brazil is experiencing a crisis that has not been seen for a long time. After the 1988 Constitution, democratic institutions began to show signs of strengthening, such as the Public Ministry, the Judiciary, direct elections, among others. However, the rise of the extreme right – a non-exclusive event in our country – has mitigated and persecuted these institutions, with their dismantling, their ideological and religious equipment and even their extinction, as happened with the Ministry of Culture. The National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute has also been the target of repeated attacks. Appointments of unprepared individuals, without adequate qualification to assume management and leadership positions at the Institute has been the Achilles heel of the almost centenary IPHAN (National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute, in the acronym in Portuguese). Other facts mark the attack on places of memory and Brazilian heritage. In the midst of demonstrations around the world about the modification of place names that honor human rights defenders and the overthrowing of their statues, in Brazil the president of the republic testifies to his inability to occupy this position by giving prizes to torturers who acted as torturers in the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964–1985). Thus, this brief text will seek to exemplify how some facts – some prior to the current administration but which solidify with it – exemplify the current democratic crisis, which strikes not only Heritage and places of memory, but also an entire state structure that comes undone through the virulence of fake news and corruption led by the Bolsonaro family.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Andréia Inês Hanel Cerezoli ◽  
Francisca Monteiro da Silva Perez ◽  
José Antonio Ribeiro de Moura ◽  
Orleane Oliveira Jambeiro

Este artigo trata da educação em Direitos Humanos entendida como uma pedagogia comprometida com a promoção da dignidade de todo e qualquer ser humano. O objetivo da pesquisa é demonstrar, por meio de atividades, como a literatura infantil pode constituir material inestimável para a educação em Direitos Humanos. A metodologia empreendida na pesquisa tem caráter bibliográfico. A revisão bibliográfica, em nenhum momento, visa esgotar algum tópico apresentado, mas construir um cenário capaz de ilustrar os pressupostos teóricos que alicerçam as sugestões apresentadas e discutidas. Os resultados demonstram a importância da definição dos conceitos teóricos que orientam as discussões, visto as limitações, deturpações e inovações que os conceitos aqui abordados concentram. Concluímos que a contação de histórias, com o cuidado de não tornar a leitura mecânica, é uma atividade em que o contador e o ouvinte têm um encontro no espaço da fantasia, o que pode, efetivamente, modificar as pessoas. Já a metodologia adotada para a escrita deste artigo consiste em apresentar os conceitos teóricos como um passeio pela literatura, afinal Gabriel García Márquez, que dispensa qualificações afirma A vida não é o que a gente viveu e sim o que a gente recorda e como recorda, para contá-la.   Derechos humanos y literatura: por qué los libros cambian a las personas y las personas cambian el mundo Este artículo trata sobre la educación en derechos humanos entendida como una pedagogía comprometida con la promoción de la dignidad de todos y cada uno de los seres humanos. El objetivo de la investigación es demostrar, a través de actividades, cómo la literatura infantil puede ser un material invaluable para la educación en derechos humanos. La metodología utilizada en la investigación tiene carácter bibliográfico. La revisión bibliográfica, en ningún momento, pretende agotar cualquier tema presentado, sino construir un escenario capaz de ilustrar los supuestos teóricos que sustentan las sugerencias presentadas y discutidas. Los resultados demuestran la importancia de definir los conceptos teóricos que guían las discusiones, dadas las limitaciones, tergiversaciones e innovaciones en las que se concentran los conceptos aquí discutidos. Concluimos que contar historias, cuidando que la lectura no sea mecánica, es una actividad en la que el narrador y el oyente tienen un encuentro en el espacio de la fantasía, que efectivamente puede cambiar a las personas. La metodología adoptada para la redacción de este artículo consiste en presentar los conceptos teóricos como un paseo por la literatura, al fin y al cabo Gabriel García Márquez, que no necesita titulación, afirma “La vida no es lo que vivimos, sino lo que recordamos, y cómo se recuerda. para contarlo. Palabras clave: Derechos humanos. Literatura. Cuentacuentos.   Human rights and literature: why books change people and people change the world This article deals with human rights education understood as a pedagogy committed to promoting the dignity of each and every human being. The objective of the research is to demonstrate, through activities, how children’s literature can be invaluable material for human rights education. The methodology used in the research has a bibliographic character. The bibliographic review, at no time, aims to exhaust any topic presented, but to build a scenario capable of illustrating the theoretical assumptions that underpin the suggestions presented and discussed. The results demonstrate the importance of defining the theoretical concepts that guide the discussions, given the limitations, misrepresentations and innovations that the concepts discussed here concentrate on. We conclude that storytelling, taking care not to make reading mechanical, is an activity in which the storyteller and the listener have an encounter in the space of fantasy, which can effectively change people. The methodology adopted for the writing of this article consists of presenting the theoretical concepts as a walk through literature, after all Gabriel García Márquez, who needs no qualifications, affirms “Life is not what we lived, but what we remember, and how it remembers to tell it. Keywords: Human rights. Literature. Storytelling.


1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cees Flinterman

Human rights constitute a challenge that Peter Kooijmans never refused or will refuse, both in his academic and government activities. For a long time he has been in the forefront of those who have struggled for the promotion and protection on human rights for everyone, everywhere in the world. As he said himself: “I myself would not have devoted so much of my time to the cause of human rights […] if I had not believed it to be a just cause and worthy task.“ The issue of human rights first became a major concern for him when he was State Secretary for Foreign Affairs (1973–1977), when he had the Dutch foreign policy within the United Nations (including human rights questions) in his portfolio. It was during that period that the United Nations was gradually changing its course, by shifting the emphasis from standard setting in the field of human rights to supervision over the implementation of international human rights norms. He was then working in the shadow of Max van der Stoel, Minister for Foreign Affairs, who was himself an outspoken protagonist of international human rights. It was Max van der Stoel who, after he had again become Minister for Foreign Affairs during the shortlived Van Agt II cabinet (1981–1982), requested Peter Kooijmans to succeed him as Chairman of the Netherlands' delegation to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, the main political organ of the United Nations in the field of human rights. With his usual sense for realism, Kooijmans once described this Commission as “a crooked stick to make straight stroke”.


2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Murray

International human rights law advocates tolerance, inclusivity and the promotion of equality among peoples, nations and individuals across the world. It seems disappointing, therefore, that these standards do not always apply to the discipline of international human rights law itself. Instead there seems to be a hierarchy in the international human rights system. Others have written about such an approach in relation to different types of rights,1 reflecting political power struggles.2 This paper will consider whether African institutions are ‘third generation’ organs and perceived as of less value than others. It will argue that international human rights law has focused primarily on European and Western sources and neglected those from other jurisdictions. It has failed, therefore, to use African institutions, for instance, to provide examples of good practice, relying on them only as examples of what not to do. As Okafor and Agbakwa state, there is evidence of a one-way traffic, with Western scholars giving the impression that they feel they have little to learn from African institutions and their experiences:


Asian Survey ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina G. Hernandez

This article explains why the Philippines, a small country and a long-time US ally, shook the world in 2016 by democratically electing a president who has defied conventional expectations, touched the lives of ordinary Filipinos, been accused of human rights violations in his war on drugs, and could affect the geostrategic rivalry between the US and China.


Author(s):  
Natalia Krylova ◽  

Within the general array of the studies on the issues of immigration during the era of intensive migration processes induced by the Russian revolution of 1917, the approach of researching into cultural self-preservation and cultural identity of the immigrants is used to a considerably lesser extent. At the same time, such an approach, especially if supplied with evidence in the form of fictional and journalistic works, is extremely important for understanding the socio-cultural adaptation of an individual to the new environment and determining the specifics of cultural integration associated with the inevitable and dramatic clash of different cultural stereotypes. The emigrant generation of Russians of the “first wave”, who found themselves in Africa, had the ability to create literature. There were many women among them, for whom literary testimony, poetry, and journalism were important. Epistolary became one of the ways of cultural expression, recreating the history of communities whose existence for a long time remained little known. The use of these sources opens up new areas of life and history of Russian emigration. Life at the crossroads of different cultural traditions, tragic awareness of their isolation from the native culture, challenging experience of learning a foreign culture, as well as the existence within the space of different traditions of life – all these marks of the cultural composure of a Russian emigré of the first half of the 20th century can be found in their journalistic and fictional works. In the works of Russian emigrants, there is a special subtlety of psychological mood, a special insight into their own lives, their “I”, and a special piercing compassion for the world around them. Hence the special lyricism of the women’s prose and poetry, despite the dramas of life reflected in them, and the specialness of their position in this world. Their literary samples are a vivid evidence of a bygone era and represent fresh inclusions in the general literary process. Combining with the poetic and prose streams of Russian emigrant literature, they join together in the general world literary process that was experienced by the 20th century.


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