scholarly journals Do nations have navels'?: Gellner and Smith on the emergence of nations

2004 ◽  
pp. 177-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Subotic
Keyword(s):  
Research Priorities ◽  
The Common ◽  
Symbolic Approach ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms

This paper interprets and analyzes the debate having taken place in 1995 between E. Gellner and A. Smith concerning the problem of the emergence of nations. This discussion is used as an example to show the basic general features of two approaches in theories of nationalism - the modernist and the ethno symbolic ones. Pointing to the common assumptions shared by Gellner's and Smith's theories of nations (critique of primordialism and perennialism), the author interprets ethno-symbolism as a sort of internal self-criticism of the modernist standpoint. This polemic is therefore interpreted not as a debate between "creationist" and "evolutionist" solutions to the problem of the emergence of nations, but rather as a debate between two theoretical paradigms defining different research priorities in studying nations and nationalisms. From this perspective, the author concludes that the ethno symbolic approach to the genealogy of nations has broader heuristic capacities than the modernist paradigm, at least when the emergence of "peripheral nations" and the understanding of the dynamic of their nationalisms are concerned.

Monitoring liveweight in sheep is a valuable management strategy: a review of available technologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Brown ◽  
D. B. Savage ◽  
G. N. Hinch ◽  
S. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Research Priorities ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
The Common ◽  
Commercial Opportunity

Liveweight is a widely accepted proxy for the energy status of sheep at a particular point in time. Fleece- and conceptus-free ewe liveweight and liveweight change influence the productivity of the ewe and optimisation may increase whole-farm profitability. Despite this, it is uncommon for producers to monitor ewe liveweight regularly and objectively. The current review discusses why ewe liveweight is important, identifies and assesses available technologies for monitoring sheep liveweight, and highlights future research priorities. The common theme in the literature is that while there are options that could possibly be used to monitor the liveweight of sheep in extensive grazing systems, few of them offer realistic solutions, especially in regard to timeliness of data collection. Thermal and stereo imaging, body measurements and plasma hormonal assays are unlikely to be commercially viable, while visual assessment, although widely practised, offers a surprisingly poor indication of sheep liveweight. Alternatively, assessment of body condition (condition scoring) or fat (fat scoring) offers viable methods of assessing sheep energy status; however, like conventional static weighing, they are performed infrequently and therefore contribute little to the day-to-day tactical management of sheep flocks. Walk-over weighing systems offer a feasible alternative for regular monitoring of sheep liveweight. Such systems are fully automated, and may be operated remotely. Currently, there are challenges associated with monitoring the liveweight of individual animals using such systems and hence there is little commercial opportunity for individual animal management. Mob-based walk-over weighing, which generates flock average liveweight estimates, offers greater potential in the short term, although the technology would benefit from further research and development, primarily to increase the frequency and repeatability of liveweight capture.

scholarly journals STUDI PERBANDINGAN KEBIJAKAN INDUSTRI 4.0 INDONESIA DENGAN TIGA NEGARA LEADING GROUP FUTURE OF PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Hari Wisnu Murti (Kementerian Perindustrian)
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe World Economic Forum has compiled a profile of future of production readiness among 100 countries in the world where Indonesia is in the nascent group and requires benchmarking to the leading groups through SWOT Analysis. This study aims to compare Indonesia's industry 4,0 policy with leading countries through a comparative study. The data is obtained from industry 4.0  policy from Indonesia and three leading countries. The results of the study indicate that the Making Indonesia 4.0 policy is on the right track to pursue manufacturing competence and answer future challenges that will be faced by Indonesia and the current baseline, has weaknesses in priority sectors that do not support increased complexity. Opportunities that can be taken are trade infrastructure with other countries, investment opportunities for countries that lack human resources, and cooperation in sustainability standards. The challenge lies in the common priority sectors of the industry and the absence of AI research priorities for health and biotechnology while Indonesia has a large domestic market.AbstrakWorld Economic Forum  menyusun profil kesiapan industri masa depan  pada 100 negara di dunia dimana Indonesia tergolong kelompok Nascent dan membutuhkan pembandingan dengan negara-negara kelompok Leading melalui analisa SWOT, Studi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kebijakan industri 4.0 Indonesia dengan negara-negara kelompok Leading melalui studi komparatif. Data diperoleh dari kebijakan industri 4.0 dari Indonesia dan tiga negara kelompok leading. Hasil dari studi mengindikasikan bahwa kebijakan Making Indonesia 4.0 telah pada jalur yang tepat untuk mengejar kompetensi manufaktur dan menjawab tantangan masa depan yang akan dihadapi Indonesia dan baseline saat ini, mempunyai kelemahan pada sektor prioritas yang tidak mendukung peningkatan kompleksitas. Peluang yang bisa diambil adalah infrastruktur perdagangan dengan negara lain, peluang investasi untuk negara yang kurang dalam sumber daya manusia, dan kerjasama standar sustainability. Tantangan ada pada kesamaan sektor prioritas industri dan belum adanya prioritas riset AI untuk kesehatan dan bioteknologi sementara Indonesia mempunyai pasar domestik yang besar.

Catalogue reduction techniques

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 389-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. de Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Measuring Process ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Observational Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Astrometric Data

AbstractReduction techniques as applied to astrometric data material tend to split up traditionally into at least two different classes according to the observational technique used, namely transit circle observations and photographic observations. Although it is not realized fully in practice at present, the application of a blockadjustment technique for all kind of catalogue reductions is suggested. The term blockadjustment shall denote in this context the common adjustment of the principal unknowns which are the positions, proper motions and certain reduction parameters modelling the systematic properties of the observational process. Especially for old epoch catalogue data we frequently meet the situation that no independent detailed information on the telescope properties and other instrumental parameters, describing for example the measuring process, is available from special calibration observations or measurements; therefore the adjustment process should be highly self-calibrating, that means: all necessary information has to be extracted from the catalogue data themselves. Successful applications of this concept have been made already in the field of aerial photogrammetry.

Renilla Bioluminescence: A Morphologic Approach to the Location of Photocytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Ben O. Spurlock ◽  
Milton J. Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Electronic Excited State ◽  
Colonial Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

The phenomenon of bioluminescence has fascinated layman and scientist alike for many centuries. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries a number of observations were reported on the physiology of bioluminescence in Renilla, the common sea pansy. More recently biochemists have directed their attention to the molecular basis of luminosity in this colonial form. These studies have centered primarily on defining the chemical basis for bioluminescence and its control. It is now established that bioluminescence in Renilla arises due to the luciferase-catalyzed oxidation of luciferin. This results in the creation of a product (oxyluciferin) in an electronic excited state. The transition of oxyluciferin from its excited state to the ground state leads to light emission.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Correlation analysis of radiation damage

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
R. Hegerl ◽  
A. Feltynowski ◽  
B. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Independent Random Variables ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Image Element ◽  
Stochastic Series ◽  
The Common

Till now correlation functions have been used in electron microscopy for two purposes: a) to find the common origin of two micrographs representing the same object, b) to check the optical parameters e. g. the focus. There is a third possibility of application, if all optical parameters are constant during a series of exposures. In this case all differences between the micrographs can only be caused by different noise distributions and by modifications of the object induced by radiation.Because of the electron noise, a discrete bright field image can be considered as a stochastic series Pm,where i denotes the number of the image and m (m = 1,.., M) the image element. Assuming a stable object, the expectation value of Pm would be Ηm for all images. The electron noise can be introduced by addition of stationary, mutual independent random variables nm with zero expectation and the variance. It is possible to treat the modifications of the object as a noise, too.

The Red Neuronal Pigment in the Nervous System of the Mussel, Mytilus Edulis: Localization and Its Effect on Lateral Ciliary Activity with Spectral and Analytical Changes

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Paparo ◽  
Judith A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cryostat Sections

The purpose of this study was to localize the red neuronal pigment in Mytilus edulis and examine its role in the control of lateral ciliary activity in the gill. The visceral ganglia (Vg) in the central nervous system show an over al red pigmentation. Most red pigments examined in squash preps and cryostat sec tions were localized in the neuronal cell bodies and proximal axon regions. Unstained cryostat sections showed highly localized patches of this pigment scattered throughout the cells in the form of dense granular masses about 5-7 um in diameter, with the individual granules ranging from 0.6-1.3 um in diame ter. Tissue stained with Gomori's method for Fe showed bright blue granular masses of about the same size and structure as previously seen in unstained cryostat sections.Thick section microanalysis (Fig.l) confirmed both the localization and presence of Fe in the nerve cell. These nerve cells of the Vg share with other pigmented photosensitive cells the common cytostructural feature of localization of absorbing molecules in intracellular organelles where they are tightly ordered in fine substructures.

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