scholarly journals Income inequality in transition economies: A comparative analysis of Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (223) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Jelena Zarkovic-Rakic ◽  
Gorana Krstic ◽  
Nermin Oruc ◽  
Will Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Transition Paths ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Font Color

This paper investigates the relationship between income inequality and different welfare state trajectories that three countries of the former Yugoslavia ?south of the Alps? have taken over the three decades since the breakup of the country in 1990. It is remarkable that three countries emerging from a common (socialist) system have experienced diametrically opposing outcomes regarding inequality. Slovenia has one of the lowest levels of income inequality in Europe, Croatia an average level of inequality, and Serbia one of the highest levels. The paper first examines the extent and nature of income inequality in the three countries before examining the determining causes of inequality, rooted in the evaluation of labour markets, education systems, and tax-benefit systems. It concludes that the divergent transition paths have created the different inequality outcomes observed in the three countries. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/EKA2024129E">10.2298/EKA2024129E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Correction to Zarkovic Rakic et al. (2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (224) ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
E Editorial
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Market Income ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Redistributive Effects ◽  
Font Color

Some terminological inaccuracies have been identified in the article ?Income inequality in transition economies: a comparative analysis of Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia? by Jelena Zarkovic Rakic, Gorana Krstic, Nermin Oruc and Will Bartlett which appeared in Economic Annals, 2019, LXIV(223): 39-60. https:// doi.org/10.2298/EKA1923039Z. On pp. 43-45 of the article, the term ?market income? should read ?post-tax income? and the term ?tax and benefit? on p. 44- 45 should read ?benefit?. The Legend for Figure 1 on p 44 ?Redistributive effects of social transfers? in place of ?Redistributive effects reducing market inequality?. The Note should read ?? the post-tax Gini coefficient for total equivalised income before social transfers (including pensions) [ilc_di12b] ?in place of ?...the marketgenerated Gini coefficient for total equivalised income?. The authors are grateful to Nikola Altiparmakov for bringing their attention to these details.<br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the corrected article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/EKA1923039Z">10.2298/EKA1923039Z</a></b></u>

On the edge of the Italian Renaissance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Vester
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Feudal Lord ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Narrative Description

This chapter situates René de Challant on the edge of Renaissance historiography in several ways. The geographic reach of his fiefs and political activities spanned from northwestern Italy across the Alps into the borderlands between France and the Empire. His service to the House of Savoy raises questions about the boundaries of scholarly work on the Italian Renaissance. His activities as a feudal lord with pretensions of sovereign status help us to reevaluate the relationship between the historiography on the European nobility and studies of Italian Renaissance elites. Biography as a genre of history is perched between contextual narrative description and comparative analysis. Recent work on the spatial dimensions of early modern history draw our attention to this material dimension of René’s experiences.

scholarly journals Growth and Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Ogus Binatli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

This paper investigates whether the relationship between income inequality and growth changes over time. Two time periods, covering 1970–1985 and 1985–1999, are analyzed and compared. A statistically significant relationship between inequality and growth in either time period fails to emerge. However, there are indications that effect of inequality on growth may be different in the nineties when compared to the seventies. In the literature, a consistent negative effect of inequality on growth is documented although the significance of the effect is open to debate. This paper also finds a negative effect of income inequality on growth in the seventies but, although statistically insignificant, a consistently positive effect in the nineties.

Employability, higher education and the knowledge economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Niccolo Durazzi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Knowledge Economies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dynamic Services

This chapter focuses in particular on the inter-connections between different types of higher education systems (as commonly defined in education literature by the prevalence of vertical or horizontal differentiation), and different types of knowledge economy (with respect to the relative importance attached to advanced manufacturing or dynamic services). It proposes a theoretical framework to understand the relationship between higher education systems and knowledge-based labour markets. The chapter then examines the complementarity — or lack thereof — between higher education systems and national knowledge economies in Britain, South Korea, Germany and the Netherlands, each having a different higher education–knowledge economy combination. Ultimately, the chapter recommends that governments should revive or create a vocational subset of higher education institutions to meet the high-skills demand of labour markets.

The number of employed as a macroeconomic indicator of working time dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-945
Author(s):  
I.A. Zaikova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicator

Subject. The working time of workers at any stage of economic development is a value reflecting the level of labor productivity. Any progress in productivity contributes to changes in the volume of labor costs and the number of employed. Depending on the relationship between the total volume of labor costs and the number of employed, the duration of working time per one worker may change (it may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged). Objectives. The study aims to confirm the importance of such a macroeconomic indicator as the number of employed in varying working hours. Methods. The study rests on the comparative analysis of countries with developed economies based on some indicators like dynamics of the working time fund, dynamics of the number of employed, average number of hours worked during the year per employee, etc. The analyzed timespan is 25 years (from 1991 to 2016). Results. The comparative analysis revealed that in the non-production sphere and the economy as a whole the macroeconomic determinants correlate so that the length of working time per worker reduces. When considering the analysis results for the manufacturing sector, no single trend was identified. Conclusions. One of the key factors affecting the change in working hours is the number of employed. The relationship between the working time fund and the number of employed directly determines the dynamics of working time per worker.

The New Progressive Dilemma through the Lens of Comparative Welfare State and Party Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Spies
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Attitudinal Change ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Social Expenditures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The chapter summarizes the New Progressive Dilemma (NPD) debate, identifying three arguments from comparative welfare state and party research likely to be relevant to the relationship between immigration and welfare state retrenchment: public opinion, welfare institutions, and political parties. Alignment of anti-immigrant sentiments and welfare support varies considerably between countries, especially between the US and Europe, leading to different party incentives vis-à-vis welfare state retrenchment. The chapter introduces insights from comparative welfare state and party research to the debate, discussing inter alia, political parties in terms of welfare retrenchment, immigrants as a voter group, and cross-national variation of existing welfare institutions. It addresses the complex debates around attitudinal change caused by immigration, levels of welfare support, voting behavior, and social expenditures. Combining these strands of literature, a common theoretical framework is developed that is subsequently applied to both the US and Western European context.

scholarly journals Populist radical right parties, welfare policy and population health in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rinaldi ◽  
M P M Bekker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Population Health ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The political system is an important influencing factor for population health but is often neglected in the public health literature. This scoping review uses insights from political science to explore the possible public health consequences of the rise of populist radical right (PRR) parties in Europe, with welfare state policy as a proxy. The aim is to generate hypotheses about the relationship between the PRR, political systems and public health. Methods A literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar resulted in 110 original research articles addressing 1) the relationship between the political system and welfare state policy/population health outcomes or 2) the relationship between PRR parties and welfare state policy/population health outcomes in Europe. Results The influence of political parties on population health seems to be mediated by welfare state policies. Early symptoms point towards possible negative effects of the PRR on public health, by taking a welfare chauvinist position. Despite limited literature, there are preliminary indications that the effect of PRR parties on health and welfare policy depends on vote-seeking or office-seeking strategies and may be mediated by the political system in which they act. Compromises with coalition partners, electoral institutions and the type of healthcare system can either restrain or exacerbate the effects of the PRR policy agenda. EU laws and regulations can to some extent restrict the nativist policy agenda of PRR parties. Conclusions The relationship between the PRR and welfare state policy seems to be mediated by the political system, meaning that the public health consequences will differ by country. Considering the increased popularity of populist parties in Europe and the possibly harmful consequences for public health, there is a need for further research on the link between the PRR and public health.

scholarly journals INCOME INEQUALITY, MOBILITY, AND THE WELFARE STATE: A POLITICAL ECONOMY MODEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1198-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bossi ◽  
Gulcin Gumus
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Welfare State

In this paper, we set up a three-period stochastic overlapping-generations model to analyze the implications of income inequality and mobility for demand for redistribution and social insurance. We model the size of two different public programs under the welfare state. We investigate bidimensional voting on the tax rates that determine the allocation of government revenues among transfer payments and old-age pensions. We show that the coalitions formed, the resulting political equilibria, and the demand for redistribution crucially depend on the level of income inequality and mobility.

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