scholarly journals Pro-competitive regulatory policies for post-paid and pre-paid mobile phone markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (218) ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
Dejan Trifunovic ◽  
Djordje Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Switching Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Number Portability ◽  
Access Charges

There are two types of switching costs when users change their mobile operator. The first stems from price discrimination when the network charges a lower price for on-net than for off-net calls. If the majority of the switching user?s contacts are in their current network, this imposes an obstacle to changing the network, since in the new network they would have to pay a higher price for off-net calls. The other switching cost results from the switching user having to inform all their contacts about their new number in the other network. Mobile phone number portability (NP) reduces this switching cost. This paper?s aim is to determine pro-competitive regulatory policies for the post-paid and pre-paid market segments. This distinction is important since the post-paid market dominates in developed countries, while in less developed countries the prepaid market dominates. There are two operators in our model, the incumbent and a new entrant. In the postpaid market, NP reduces the level of market concentration. In the pre-paid market, NP has no impact on the convergence of market shares, and the reduction of access charges (the fee for terminating calls in the rival network) turns out to be a pro-competitive regulatory policy. There is no need for asymmetric access regulation where the incumbent pays higher access charges than the new entrant.

Global Economic Crisis of 2008-2009: Sources and Roots

2009 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
G. Rapoport ◽  
A. Guerts
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Production Output ◽  
The One ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Partial Destruction

In the article the global crisis of 2008-2009 is considered as superposition of a few regional crises that occurred simultaneously but for different reasons. However, they have something in common: developed countries tend to maintain a strong level of social security without increasing the real production output. On the one hand, this policy has resulted in trade deficit and partial destruction of market mechanisms. On the other hand, it has clashed with the desire of several oil and gas exporting countries to receive an exclusive price for their energy resources.

An Analysis of Competitive Oscillations between Japanese Twin Cities

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kohsaka
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Competitive Condition ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Retail Development ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Strong Competition

In this paper keenly-competing Japanese twin cities are examined and the competitive oscillations occurring between them is analyzed as a typical example of medium-term competitive processes. From an analysis of market shares for annual retail sales of women's and children's clothes it was found that there are certain oscillations between the twin cities. As these oscillations are derived from the strong competition between closely-located twin cities, they are called competitive oscillations. In order to analyze the generation of the competitive oscillations, an attempt to reproduce a strongly competitive condition by constructing a dynamic model of two-centre competition was made. As the twin cities share a large part of their populations, they are under strong competitive conditions in which major retail development at one city produces an absolute loss to the other city. Therefore, the twin cities seesaw through the introduction of innovations such as large shops in order to gain a more advantageous competitive position, resulting in competitive oscillations between them. This finding implies that the introduction of innovation to centres is a competitive device in the medium-term and is consistent with the view that the diffusion of innovation is closely related to the competitive process.

scholarly journals Spatial Approach to Diseases of Affluence Epidemiology and Regional Economic Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Alicja Olejnik ◽  
Agata Żółtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Spatial Approach

Abstract Diseases of affluence (of the 21st c.) by definition should have higher prevalence and/or mortality rates in richer and more developed countries than in poorer, underdeveloped states (where diseases of poverty are more common). Therefore, it has been indicated that it is civilizational progress that makes us sick. On the other hand, substantial financial resources, highly qualified medical personnel, and the cutting-edge technology of richer states, should allow for effective preventions, diagnostics, and treatment of diseases of poverty and of affluence. Therefore, a dilemma arises: is progress making us sick or curing us? To evaluate the influence of country socioeconomic and technological development on population health, a spatial analysis of the epidemiology of diseases of affluence and distribution of economic resources for European NUTS 2 has been performed. The main aim of this paper is to assess, how regional diversity in the prevalence of diseases of affluence is related to the regional development of regions.

Conversion Technologies: The Challenges for the MARTIN Reverse-Acting Grate System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Koralewska
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
German Market ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Thermal treatment of waste differs significantly from the combustion of regular fuels due to the fluctuating and unpredictable composition of the fuel. It is therefore necessary to develop processes with safe process engineering technology that guarantee the treatment of waste in accordance with ecological and economic constraints in addition to complying with international legal requirements. Various important factors have to be considered: not only the reduction of the volume and mass of waste and the destruction and separation of pollutants, but also the efficient energy production (electricity and district heating) and the guaranteed treatment of all waste. In order to comply with strict Japanese regulatory policies, particularly with regard to residue quality and overall output of organic substances, grate technology was modified by means of downstream melting processes that are intensive in terms of maintenance, energy and resulting costs. While vitrification of bottom ash and fly ash does improve quality and provide additional recycling possibilities, it has not proven sustainable. Conversion technologies using separated high-temperature processes make integrated production of granulated slag possible. Large market shares in Japan were gained as a result. However, practical experience in largescale plants has shown serious drawbacks with regard to availability, profitability and process safety. The use of alternative waste conversion technologies failed on the German market due to massive technical problems and considerable financial losses for all those involved.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SERVICE QUALITY, SATISFACTION, DAN PERCEIVED SWITCHING COST TERHADAP CUSTOMER LOYALTY OPERATOR SELULER

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Tommy Setiawan Ruslim ◽  
Henryanto Wijaya ◽  
Halim Putera Siswanto ◽  
Hadi Cahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Switching Cost ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Personal Needs ◽  
A Company

The need for cell phone use can be said to be a necessity that cannot be avoided anymore in this day and age, both its use in communicating in business needs, personal needs to social relations with others. The importance of maintaining customer loyalty is very significant to the survival of a company, to maintain customer loyalty many variables that can influence it. This study examines the effect of service quality, customer satisfaction, perceived switching cost on customer loyalty of "X" mobile operator users at a university in West Jakarta. In this research, it was founded that was a positive and significant effect service quality, customer satisfaction, perceived switching cost on customer loyalty of "X" mobile operator users at a university in West Jakarta.

scholarly journals Relative Earnings and Manpower Allocation in Developing Economies

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd G. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labour Economics ◽  
Economic Behaviour ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Starting Point

The less developed countries (LDC) present two kinds of challenge to economists. First, they invite us to develop hypotheses about how economic growth begins and about structural changes during the early decades of growth. Second, they provide a fresh terrain on which specialists in particular subject-matter areas can test accepted notions about economic behaviour. For investigations in labour economics, the structure of earnings provides a convenient starting point. (It is best to say "earnings" rather than "wages" because most workers in the LDC's are self-emplqyed.) Analysis of earnings requires an examination of manpower supplies and requirements. This leads into the economics of agriculture, industry, government, and other labour demanding sectors on one side, and into a study of education and other skill-producing agencies, on the other. Thus by starting with the earnings structure, one is led rather directly into the heart of the economy.

scholarly journals MATERIALISME SEBAGAI PENGHAMBAT PEMBANGUNAN KESEJATERAAN SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sabiq ◽  
Akhmad Jayadi ◽  
Imam Nawawi ◽  
Mohammad Wasil
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
The One ◽  
Positive Effect

Materialism and sich are the driving spirit of the community in achieving economic and financial security that saves a holistic and socially just welfare. This can be seen from the lives of people in materialistic developed countries, where the level of social stress is higher, economic inequality widens, horizontal conflict is rife. This research uses Pierre Felix Bourdieu's social theory in seeing people trust the expenditure of material with other values, such as spiritual and cultural values ​​that are no less urgent as elements of social welfare development. This study found that materialism on the one hand has a positive effect, where people are encouraged to use material standards in measuring the level of welfare they expect. On the other hand, materialism closes the presence of values ​​such as spirituality, local wisdom and agriculture in completing more holistic welfare standards.

scholarly journals THE JUDICIAL CONSTRUCTION RELATING TO THE TERRORISM CASES (REALITY AND PROSPECTS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 473-482
Author(s):  
Fawzi Abdelsalam Mohammed AL-KILNI ◽  
Ebtisam Hassan Salem Ben ISSA
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Concern ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Military

The current study aims to discuss and investigate one of the most prominent and important issues that has been in constant debate in all the previous researches and studies dine in the scope of criminal law ; especially those regarding the juridical construction relating to the terrorism cases. The main attempt of this research is to evaluate the criminal policy of the Libyan Legislation issuing law no.3 for the year 2014 concerning Terrorism combating. Disregarding the recent issuing of the law in subject, the above-mentioned law is of great importance due to its high concern of the juridical apparatus of combating terrorism. However, what makes a wonder herewith is the Libyan legislation has been taking a step backwards when the law (4) was issued in 2017 in regarding of the amendment of the provisions of both the Military Penal Code and the Code of Military Procedures which has already mandated the judiciary of offenders of terrorism according to the terms identified in Article 3. Herewith, the perception of the effectiveness and functionality of the above-mentioned law is not possible without paying the attention to reviewing the jurisdiction from one hand and the working conditions of the judges from the other hand. However, the good conduct of the judges’ work depends heavily on doing several improvements for these apparatus, in addition to promoting the juridical capabilities by supporting these apparatus with the modern facilities, utilizing the experience of the developed countries in this regard. Therefore, the prospects are addressed to developing the juridical construction properly according to the principles of the defense rights and the fair trial as these principles are the constitution fundamentals and the traits of the criminal-justice system.

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