scholarly journals The determination of disparity between supply and demand in services market

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (161) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Perica Macura
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
General Character ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Gray Market ◽  
The Unemployed

Respecting the principles of analytics, systematization and comprehensiveness, the paper deals with the frames of disparity between supply and demand in services market. The basic reasons for disparity are systematically divided into five groups: (1) reasons for problems in the area of information on supply and demand, (2) reasons for problems in the area of parallel functioning of the gray market, (3) reasons for problems in the area of psychological conditions and perceptions of consumers, (4) reasons for problems in the area of social and economic situation, (5) reasons in the area of institutional functioning. These groups contain reasons of the general character and reasons in individual areas and flows. The analysis of disparity has been conducted via relevant relations of demand and supply that exist in services market, as follows: (1) the relation of supply of services provided by companies towards adequate forms of demand (other companies, institutions, population), (2) the relation of institutions' supply of services toward adequate forms of demand (all companies, population) and (3) the relation of unofficial supply of services toward adequate demand (population). Within basic prerequisites for the solution to disparity of demand and supply in the service sector, we have especially emphasized and analyzed personnel potential. We have analyzed elements and problems of the labor market, available personnel potential (personnel potential of the employed and the unemployed), as well as latent personnel potential.

scholarly journals The DEA Method and its Application Possibilities for Measuring Efficiency in the Public Sector—The Case of Local Public Employment Services

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Ewa Cichowicz ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska ◽  
Monika Dędys ◽  
Maria Ekes
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Unemployed

Public Employment Services (PES) are identified as important institutions in the process of improving the match between supply and demand in the labor market, which, despite their importance, still do not achieve the desired efficiency. The indicated problem is partly due to the lack of appropriate evaluation methods for the applied labor market policy instruments. This paper aims to verify the possibility of using the two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method in measuring the efficiency of public sector entities. The authors focused on 39 PES operating in Mazovia province, Poland in 2019. In the first stage, the model of technical efficiency of local PES included six variables (four inputs and two outputs). Only seven PES obtained full efficiency. The inefficiency of analyzed PES varied from about 1% to 80%. In the second stage, the attention focuses on the relationship between true unknown efficiency and its determinants (five environmental variables, both demand and supply oriented). Then, the regression coefficients and confidence intervals showed that three out of five variables influence the efficiency results, the share of the long-term unemployed, the share of the unemployed under 30, and the share of the unemployed over 50 in the total number of unemployed.

scholarly journals Skills demand and suply in the European Union

Osvitolohiya ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Natalia Mospan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Scientific Engineering

The author of the article presents an analysis of the current situation of demand and supply of specialists in the European Union. The basis for the analysis is the reports of the European Commission, which widely cover this issue. It is worth noting that different EU countries feel the problems of supply and demand in different ways. Their conformity is observed only in Germany, where the number of students graduate each year and enter the labor market in search of work coincides with the requirements of employers in terms of the number of specialists. Other EU countries are in demand for specialists in the scientific, engineering and technology sectors and a quantitative shortage of teachers and doctors. The study is devoted to the questions related to factors that affect the matching between the demand and supply of teachers and doctors. Among such factors is the increase in population, health and education costs. The number of school children is the dominant factor in the demand for teachers. Another factor is educational programs that determine the demand for subject teachers. The policies and priorities of the curriculum have a dominant influence in determining the different types of teachers as well. The demand for physicians depends on the health system. The offer of doctors may differ due to differences in the industry, in particular, the accessibility of education and training for doctors, as well as the conditions of medical service. The results of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the current state of the regulating process of higher education interaction with the labor market in Ukraine.

scholarly journals The impact of corruption on the shadow labor market

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
M. Kirzhetska ◽  
Yu. Kirzhetskyy
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we analyze how corruption affects the shadow labor market and describe the facts of the relationship between corruption and the factors shaping shadow employment. Confirmation of relationship between the spread of corruption and shadow employment in Ukraine is the objective of this investigation, and its results are presented in this paper. In order to achieve the set goal, the authors developed scientific tasks to determine the factors stimulating shadow employment and to carry out correlation and regression analysis of the relationship between the Corruption Perception Index in Ukraine and the indicators stimulating the growth of shadow employment in Ukraine. Despite the absolute negative effect of the excessive spread of both corruption and shadow labor market on national economies, the authors suggest that corruption is an impulse for the growth of shadow labor market. The paper is based on the hypothesis that the individual motivation for participation in undeclared labor activities is of common interest for both employers and employees. Therefore, the authors describe the spread of the shadow labor market by means of indicators, which form shadow employment from the sidelines of supply and demand in this market. Thus, it is defined that the factors that form the shadow labor market from the supply sideline include: the level of unemployment; the level of migration; the level of wages and social security. The factors that form shadow employment from the demand sideline include: the level of tax burden on wages; staff turnover and the dynamics of the population level. The carried out regression analysis between the indicators of corruption and the factors that form shadow employment on the demand and supply sidelines shows that corruption has a significant impact on the level of unemployment in Ukraine, labor external migration, the level of poverty among the working population, the level of social protection and the level of tax burden. Therefore, the reduction in the corruption level will have a significant impact on the socio-economic indicators that incite shadow employment from both demand and supply sidelines on the unregistered labor. Our conclusions indicate that in order to improve the socio-economic indicators of economic development, which have an impact on the spread of the shadow labor market, the Government first of all should reduce the level of corruption in the economy.

scholarly journals Demand and supply of labor market: A case of UAE

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Yahya Z. Alshehhi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Jel Code

United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed a progress of growth booming since its establishment, which as result puched all economic componets to indicated a active movement in term of employment and capital investment as well. This steady economic growth has been marked by an increase in the income by the country’s citizens, both national as well as the foreign residents This paper to axamine the supply and demand of labor market in UAE. The technique used to source the data is a secondary resource and methodology employed in descriptive and analytical. The study found that, the diversification of the economy, and enhance the role of private sector increased the demand for labor as well as increased the diversification for nationalities in the country. From other side, because of diversification strategy, the foreigners labor have more numbers in total employment structure. JEL CODE: O12

scholarly journals The Labor Market: An Overview from an Islamic Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Hanifiyah Yuliatul Hijriah ◽  
Elfira Maya Adiba
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Extent Of Absorption

The concept of employment has some aspects that are integrated in order to achieve the balance of the workforce, both aspects of demand and supply of labor. The labor market is considered as the location of meeting between the demand for labor from both the private and Government sectors and the supply of labor available. The meeting of demand and supply of manpower can exert influence on the determination of the level of wage labor. In other words, the labor market plays a role in assisting the Government in the process of making employment-related policies such as the determination of the level of wages. This study, by employing library research, demonstrated that the concept of labor as seen from the viewpoint of Islam will be able to reach the concept of labor. It is not limited to the extent of absorption of labor, but also related how the level of the workforce that is capable of being managed by the Government to be more productive. The policy of wage rate in Islam is not limited to referring to balance demand and supply of labor. It also reviews the needs of a worker based on the principle of fairness and honesty, and protects both interests in the worker and the employer. The essence of Islamic economy in review market power based on the view of Islam shows its potential in generating equitable economy society and realize prosperity.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the situation and development of the labor market of Ukraine in the context of professional qualification trends

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Hanna SMOKVINA ◽  
Tkhi Tkhan Tkhui CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
The State ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Statistical Research

Introduction. The transformation of social, economic and social relations in the current context of globalization has led to a structural crisis in the labor market. The formation of the knowledge economy, the benefits of information technology, the rapid development of the service sector, changes in working conditions and content, strong competition require review, update and adapt the system of regulation and development of the labor market, with the needs of skilled labor. Unfortunately, the state policy in this direction does not provide an integrated approach to forecasting supply and demand for skilled labor in today's conditions. The purpose of the paper is to conduct a statistical analysis of the state and development of the labor market of Ukraine in the context of professional and qualification trends and identify promising areas of employment. Results. The state and problematic issues of the labor market development of Ukraine are determined based on statistical research in the context of professional and qualification trends. The main reasons that led to the increase in free labor are considered. The state of the labor force, demand in the labor market and changes in employment dynamics by sectors of the economy are analyzed. On the basis of the conducted analysis the forecast of the level of employment of the population of Ukraine, demand in the labor market on priority professional and qualified groups for the next 5 years is carried out. Promising sectors of the economy have been identified where growth is expected and employment may decline. Conclusion. It is proposed to carry out statistical analysis and identify the main trends in the labor market in the formation of government procurement by the state, as well as in the formation of preferences in the choice of professions by the population for 5 to 7 years, which will partially solve employment and unemployment.

scholarly journals Marketing analysis of demand and supply in the labor market of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Olena Karpii ◽  
◽  
S. Kachmar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Passive State ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand

The labor market is a complex socio-economic phenomenon that requires constant monitoring and regulation. There are a significant number of definitions of this concept, which are significantly different and quite harmoniously complement each other. At the same time, scientists use complex, systemic and dialectical approaches. Scientists consider typical models of the labor market: American, Japanese, Swedish and Chinese, which differ in a number of key features and principles of operation. The labor market in the process of formation and functioning performs a number of functions: social division of labor; informational; mediational; professional counseling; regulatory; pricing; proportionality of the distribution of labor in accordance with the structure of social needs and the development of scientific and technological progress; reserve. Herewith, as a separate element of a market economy, it interacts with markets: capital, raw materials, information, educational and scientific services, health care, cultural and spiritual services, household and social services, housing, innovation, etc. The demand and supply of labor, its cost and price are the main elements of the labor market. Labor exists in the labor market as a specific commodity, which is characterized by a number of features different from other products of a market economy. In the process of buying and selling labor, a number of relations arise between the subjects of the labor market, which constitute a certain system. The ratio of supply and demand of labor, in other words conjuncture of market, are formed under the influence of internal and external factors of the labor market, as well as the level of employment and unemployment. There are three types of conjuncture of labor market: equilibrium, redundant labor and insufficient labor. Labor market conditions are changing due to the natural and mechanical movement of labor and jobs. In Ukraine, the labor market situation is characterized by structural disparities between labor supply and demand, which have become a chronic problem of the national economy. PEST-analysis as a marketing tool should be used to determine the importance of the influence of various factors on the formation conjuncture of labor market. It includes political, legal, economic, socio-cultural and technological factors of the external environment. Market instruments and partly means of active and passive state policy of employment regulation should be used to regulate the labor market. The main regulators will be to remain: the country's legislation, economic laws, the trade union movement and the media, national traditions, mentality, climatic and historical conditions of the country.

scholarly journals The macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 in Montenegro: a Bayesian VARX approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Djurovic ◽  
Vasilije Djurovic ◽  
Martin M. Bojaj
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Policy Measures

Abstract This study examines, diagnoses, and assesses appropriate macroeconomic policy responses of the Montenegrin Government to the outbreak of COVID-19. The model econometrically measures the macroeconomic costs using a Bayesian VARX Litterman/Minessota prior to the pandemic disease in terms of demand and supply loss due to illness and closed activities and their effects on GDP growth in various pandemic scenarios. We explore five economic scenarios—shocks—using the available data from January 2006 to December 2019, following real out-of-sample forecasts generated from January 2020 to December 2020. Sensitivity scenarios spanning January 2020 to June 2020 from ± 10 to ± 60% were analyzed. We observed what happens to the supply and demand sides, namely, GDP, tourism, capital stock, human capital, health expenditures, economic freedom, and unemployment. The results show a toll on the GDP, tourism, unemployment, capital stock, and especially human capital for 2020. The recommended policy measures are public finance spending initiatives focused on securing employment and keeping highly qualified staff in Montenegrin companies. Considering all uncertainties, the rebound of the Montenegrin economy could take a few years to reach pre-COVID 19 output levels.

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