scholarly journals Contribution of textile technology to the development of modern compression bandages

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Milosavljevic ◽  
Petar Skundric
Keyword(s):  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Compression Bandages ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
Textile Technology ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Application Techniques

Although compression therapy is a key factor in the successful treatment of some circulatory problems in lower limbs, this form of therapy includes some risks if used inappropriately. Based on deliberate application of pressure to a lower limb, using a variety of textile materials, elastic or rigid, in order to produce a desired clinical effects, modern compression therapy presents a good sample of successful penetration of textile technology into the phlebology field of medicine. However, although compression therapy has been in use for over 150 years, there exists a low awareness among practitioners and patients on product usage, application techniques and benefits of appropriate selection of bandages for determined types of leg venous diseases. Also, not all manufacturers of compression textile materials seem to be conscious of end - users' needs. Simultaneously, impressive developments in the field of elastan fibers and modern knitting and weaving technologies, offer chances for realization of completely new types of compression bandages, capable of making an important contribution to the management of venous disease. In this review, starting from the brief account of pathogenesis and the presentation of compression therapy principle, an account of the contribution of all sectors in the textile technological chain to a modern compression therapy is given.

I) Introduction

VASA ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement 63) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Venous Disorders

Background. The use of compression therapy is mainly based on tradition and experience. Randomized controlled trials demonstrating clinical effects in different indications are rare or non-existing. A clear proof of effectiveness for different compression devices endorsed by evidence based medicine will be a prerequisite for reimbursement by health budgets in the near future. Against this background a group of experts has discussed and approved the following position document under the auspices of the International Union of Phlebology. Indications for compression therapy in phlebology and lymphology are mainly: 1. Chronic venous disorders (CEAP C0-C6 ) (1) 2. Acute venous diseases 3. Lymphoedema. The following 3 questions are discussed for every single indication: ¥ What is done? (Current practice and rationale) ¥ What do we know? (Level of recommendation based on present knowledge) ¥ What do we need to know? (Proposals for randomized controlled trials on compression therapy)

First principle study: parametric investigation of the mechanics of elastic and inelastic textile materials for the determination of compression therapy efficacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (21) ◽  
pp. 2506-2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Tamoue ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Compression Bandage ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Dynamic Hysteresis ◽  
Material Chemistry ◽  
Compression Bandages

Vascular diseases are among the most common diseases in the world. Whether acute or chronic cases, compression therapy by bandaging is a well-known treatment for the majority of these diseases. In the textile processing of bandages, the influence of material chemistry (e.g. viscosity), the laws of physics (e.g. resiliency), and the medical requirements in the therapy must be taken into account. Furthermore, knowledge of the textile material helps us to understand why bandages do or do not have the desired effect. This paper provides a study of the Dynamic Hysteresis Coefficient (DHC) and lengthening, allowing the examination of compression bandage systems used in phlebology and lymphology using a novel measurement parameter. Compression bandage systems were subjected to a dynamic hysteresis test on a dynamometer, enabling estimation of the DHC and the lengthening (Δ L2) after five consecutive cycles. Evaluation of the findings indicates that the therapeutical stiffness index of the compression bandages can be reliably estimated using this new method. These findings show that inelastic compression bandage systems with elastomers can achieve a sustainable compression therapy over several days. DHC and Δ L2 are proven to be highly reliable parameters for comparing different compression bandage systems.

Correlation of haemodynamics and ankle mobility with clinical classes of clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological classification in venous disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cavalheri ◽  
J M P de Godoy ◽  
C E Q Belczak
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
P Value ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Pathological Classification ◽  
Group I ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
Ankle Mobility ◽  
Caucasian Women

Objectives To correlate venous haemodynamic parameters of lower limbs and amplitude of ankle mobility with the clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological classification (CEAP) for venous disease. Methods Two hundred and eighty-four lower limbs of 142 Caucasian women were evaluated and distributed in six groups according to the CEAP classification: Group I = C0 and C1 ( n = 24); Group II = C2 ( n = 30); Group III = C3 ( n = 27); Group IV = C4 ( n = 23); Group V = C5 ( n = 20) and Group VI = C6 ( n = 18). Goniometric examinations of ankle joints and air plethysmography (APG) were performed. Analysis of variance and the Bonferroni correction, Kruskal-Wallis' non-parametric and Dunn tests were utilized for statistical analysis with the level of significance being set at 5% ( P value < 0.05). Results There were significant restrictions in ankle mobility seen by goniometry at the C5 stage. In addition, significant changes in the venous-filling index were identified at C2, changes in the ejection fraction at C4 and changes in the residual volume fraction at the C4 stage. Conclusion The evolution of the clinical state of ankles affected by venous diseases is correlated to a reduction of joint mobility and haemodynamic alterations identified using APG.

scholarly journals Compression therapy in venous diseases: physical assumptions and clinical effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Berszakiewicz ◽  
Aleksander Sieroń ◽  
Zbigniew Krasiński ◽  
Armand Cholewka ◽  
Agata Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Venous Diseases

Primary and secondary lymphoedema in male patients with oedema in lower limbs

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bolcal ◽  
H Iyem ◽  
M Sargin ◽  
I Mataraci ◽  
S Doganci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome

Objective: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate patients with clinically diagnosed lymphoedema of the lower extremities. The proportions of primary and secondary lymphoedema, the possible aetiologic factors and the concomitance of chronic venous diseases and lymphoedema were focused on. Method: The male patients who attended our outpatient clinic during 2000 and 2004 were evaluated. In all, 160 male patients with 5 cm circumference difference at calf level between two lower extremities or with clinically diagnosed bilateral leg oedema were enrolled. All patients underwent duplex venous ultrasonography and lymphoscintigraphy. Venography was performed in 12 patients with normal lymphoscintigraphy and ultrasonography. Results: The age distribution was between 20 and 54 years (mean ± SD; 22.9 ± 4.3). Among 160 patients, 70.0% had lymphoedema, while 7.5% had chronic venous insufficiency, 3.75% chronic deep venous thrombosis, 7.5% concomitant venous disease and lymphatic obstruction, and 7.5% idiopathic oedema. In the last 3.75% the pathology was Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome. Of the primary lymphoedema patients (16.25%), 18 were praecox, six tarda and two were congenital types. Conclusion: In young male patients, the causes of secondary lymphoedema are lymphadenectomy, neoplastic metastasis, cellulitis, lymphangitis, etc. Further techniques confirmed the clinical diagnosis of lymphoedema in 77.5% (sum of lymphoedema and concomitant disease) of all patients. With these findings lymphoedema can be diagnosed clinically, and further diagnostic techniques can be reserved unless treatment is effective.

scholarly journals Comparison of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Device and Compression Stockings for Workers with Leg Edema and Pain after Prolonged Standing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Sol Kim ◽  
Yu Hui Won ◽  
Myoung-Hwan Ko
Keyword(s):  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Venous Stasis ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
Leg Edema ◽  
Total Body

During prolonged standing, insufficient calf muscle pumping accompanies venous stasis and hypertension in the lower legs, resulting in valve dysfunction, venous wall problems, and subsequent inflammation. Compression therapy, which includes medical compression stockings (MCS) and mechanical intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), is one of the most effective therapeutic interventions for treating chronic venous diseases. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of IPC and MCS, and the optimal protocol of compression therapy for chronic venous disease. This crossover trial was conducted for healthy, long standing workers (&gt;8 h daily) with leg edema and pain. Four groups were established for each visit: group A (resting after work without MCS), group B (resting after work with MCS), group C (IPC after work without MCS), and group D (IPC after work with MCS). The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for leg pain. The secondary outcomes were leg volume (mL), circumference (cm), extracellular fluid/total body fluid (ECF/TBF), and extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) through bioimpedance analysis. Outcomes were assessed before work (T0), after work (T1), and 60 minutes after intervention (T2). We included 39 healthy volunteers, aged 30.03&plusmn;7.56 years. All four groups had significantly increased leg pain after work (T0-1) but improved 60 minutes after intervention (T1-2), particularly group C (decreased VAS by 1.9). When leg swelling was compared at T0 and T1, groups A and C showed significant increases in leg volume and circumference, indicating significant work-induced edema, whereas groups B and D showed no change or even a decrease. After interventions, leg volume and circumference significantly decreased in groups A and C, although groups B and C did not show significant improvement. The ECF/TBF and ECW/TBW of all groups decreased after interventions. Leg pain and edema after prolonged standing in healthy adults were safely and effectively improved by IPC. Although MCS also reduced leg edema immediately after work, it did not show significant improvement in leg pain at T0-1&ndash;and T1-2, nor in swelling at T1-2.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of patients with venous diseases of the lower limbs: State of the art

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Caggiati ◽  
Marianne De Maeseneer ◽  
Attilio Cavezzi ◽  
Giovanni Mosti ◽  
Nick Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
Psychosocial Conditions ◽  
Venous Disorders

Background To date, no document comprehensively focused on the complex issue of the rehabilitation of chronic venous diseases of the lower limbs. Method This article overviews and summarizes current strategies concerning venous rehabilitation of lower limbs. Results Venous rehabilitation is based on four main strategies: (1) lifestyle adaptations and occupational therapies; (2) physical therapies; (3) adapted physical activities; (4) psychological and social support. Rehabilitative protocols must be tailored to the specific needs of each patient, depending on the severity of chronic venous disease and on the location and pattern of venous lesion(s), but also on age, motor deficits, co-morbidities and psychosocial conditions. Conclusions Venous rehabilitation consists of non-pharmacologic and non-surgical interventions aiming at prevention of venous disease progression and complications, reduction of symptoms and improvement of quality of life. Well-designed clinical trials are required to evaluate the efficacy of the described rehabilitative protocols in influencing the evolution of venous disorders.

scholarly journals Study of Three Interface Pressure Measurement Systems Used in the Treatment of Venous Disease

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5777
Author(s):  
Gayani K. Nandasiri ◽  
Arash M. Shahidi ◽  
Tilak Dias
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Compression Bandages ◽  
Pressure Profiles

The aim of the publication is to report the accuracy, repeatability and the linearity of three commercially available interface pressure measurement systems employed in the treatment of venous disease. The advances in the treatment and management of chronic venous disease by compression therapy have led to considerable research interest in interface pressure measurement systems capable of measuring low-pressure ranges (10–60 mmHg). The application of a graduated pressure profile is key for the treatment of chronic venous disease which is achieved by using compression bandages or stockings; the required pressure profiles are defined in standards (BSI, RAL-GZ, or AFNOR) for different conditions. However, achieving the recommended pressure levels and its accuracy is still deemed to be a challenge. Thus, it is vital to choose a suitable pressure measurement system with high accuracy of interface pressure. The authors investigated the sensing performance of three commercially available different pressure sensors: two pneumatic based (AMI and PicoPress®) and one piezoresistive (FlexiForce®) pressure sensors, with extensive experimental work on their performance in terms of linearity, repeatability, and accuracy. Both pneumatic based pressure measurement systems have shown higher accuracy in comparison to the flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors.

scholarly journals Some features of compression therapy for early forms of chronic venous diseases of the lower limbs

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Bogachev ◽  
B. V. Boldin ◽  
N. R. Arkadan ◽  
V. N. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Class I ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Pump Function ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump ◽  
Venous Diseases

The current compression garment selection guide is targeted at the earliest clinical stages of chronic venous disease (CVD) and assumes a priori that application of a higher class of compression improves the calf muscle pump function, which is the major mechanism promoting venous return from the lower limb to the heart.Objective of the study: to evaluate the calf muscle pump function in patients with the early forms of CVD using different classes of compression garments.Material and methods: A total of 30 patients (45 lower limbs) with Class 1 CVD (CEAP classification) were enrolled in the study. The calf muscle pump function was evaluated during wearing compression garments using remote cableless photoplethysmography of Bodytronic measurement system (Bauerfeind, Germany) with automatic data processing. The investigators measured venous refilling time (T0) and pump capacity (V0) in patients without compression garments and also in those wearing classes 0, I and II compression garments (RAL standard, Venotrain micro, Bauerfiend socks). All indicators were measured three times with an interval of 30 minutes. The final values of T0 and V0 were calculated as average.Results and discussion: when the indicators were measured without compression and with zero compression, T0 was 26.7 ± 1.2 sec and 25.4 ± 1.1 sec (p = 0.56); V0 - 8.6 ± 0.7% and 8.0 ± 0.4% (p = 0.47). When the calf muscle pump function indicators were measured using class I compression garments, its performance was improved. Thus, T0 and V0 (p <0.01) increased significantly to 38.9 ± 2.1 sec and 12.9 ± 1.4%, respectively. When the calf muscle pump function indicators were measured using class II compression garments, T0 and V0 were 38.1 ± 1.6 sec and 8.1 ± 0.6%. Thus, the use of class I compression garments significantly improved the calf muscle pump function in patients with early manifestations of CVD. The higher level of compression (class II) did not improve T0 and worsened V0. This fact can be explained by excessive compression of the muscular venous sinuses caused by wearing class 2 compression garments, which, apparently, worsened the propulsive ability of the calf pump.Conclusion: the use of class I compression garments is optimal for the management of hemodynamic disorders in patients with early forms of chronic venous diseases (C1 according to CEAP). The higher class of compression does not improve the hemodynamic parameters of the calf muscle pump.

Dutch Venous Ulcer guideline update

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Birgitte Maessen-Visch ◽  
Kees-Peter de Roos
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Leg Ulcer ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Leg Ulcer ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Compression Bandages ◽  
Venous Clinical Severity Score

The revised guideline of 2013 is an update of the 2005 guideline “venous leg ulcer”. In this special project four separate guidelines (venous leg ulcer, varicose veins, compression therapy and deep venous disorders) were revised and developed simultaneously. A meeting was held including representatives of any organisation involved in venous disease management including patient organizations and health insurance companies. Eighteen clinical questions where defined, and a new strategy was used to accelerate the process. This resulted in two new and two revised guidelines within one year. The guideline committee advises use of the C of the CEAP classification as well as the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and a Quality of life (QoL) score in the assessment of clinical signs. These can provide insight into the burden of disease and the effects of treatment as experienced by the patient. A duplex ultrasound should be performed in every patient to establish the underlying aetiology and to evaluate the need for treatment (which is discussed in a separate guideline). The use of the TIME model for describing venous ulcers is recommended. There is no evidence for antiseptic or antibiotic wound care products except for a Cochrane review in which some evidence is presented for cadexomer iodine. Signs of infection are the main reason for the use of oral antibiotics. When the ulcer fails to heal the use of oral aspirin and pentoxifylline can be considered as an adjunct. For the individual patient, the following aspects should be considered: the appearance of the ulcer (amount of exudate) according to the TIME model, the influence of wound care products on moisturising the wound, frequency of changing compression bandages, pain and allergies. The cost of the dressings should also be considered. Education and training of patients t improves compliance with compression therapy but does not influence wound healing rates.

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