scholarly journals Differences in proline accumulation between wheat varieties in response to heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Nevena Djukic ◽  
Stefan Markovic ◽  
Jasna Mastilovic ◽  
Predrag Simovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Filling Phase ◽  
Proline Concentration

Proline is one of the organic osmolytes that accumulates in plants in response to stressful environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of proline in the grain filling phase in ten winter wheat cultivars under conditions of prolonged periods of air temperatures above 30?C and to assess the variability of wheat variety responses. The correlation between proline accumulation and photosynthetic pigments, accumulated starch and yield was also determined. In the experimental field, flag leaves were sampled for each variety in the grain filling phase. Statistical data analysis and parameter correlation were performed using the SPSS program. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between proline values in moderate and high air temperature conditions when proline accumulation occurs. The significant correlation of accumulated starch content and yield with proline concentration showed that in addition to higher proline values under heat stress, wheat varieties Apac, Talas and Futura also have higher yield and starch content. A correlation was also found between proline concentration and photosynthetic pigment contents, where the Apac wheat variety showed the best adaptive response to the investigated traits and was characterized by a smaller reduction in photosynthetic pigment content under heat stress. The interrelation of proline with the photosynthetic pigment content and wheat quality parameters may be important in breeding technologies aimed at improving wheat stress tolerance.

Effect of Timing of Heat Stress During Grain Filling on Two Wheat Varieties Differing in Heat Tolerance. II. Fractional Protein Accumulation

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Stone ◽  
ME Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Very High

Short periods of very high temperature (> 35�C) are common during the grain filling period of wheat, and can significantly alter mature protein composition and consequently grain quality. This study was designed to determine the stage of grain growth at which fractional protein accumulation is most sensitive to a short heat stress, and to examine whether varietal differences in heat tolerance are expressed consistently throughout the grain filling period. Two varieties of wheat differing in heat tolerance (cvv. Egret and Oxley, tolerant and sensitive, respectively) were exposed to a short (5 day) period of very high temperature (40�C max, for 6 h each day) at 5-day intervals throughout grain filling, from 15 to 50 days after anthesis. Grain samples were taken throughout grain growth and analysed for protein content and composition (albumin/globulin, monomer, SDS-soluble polymer and SDS-insoluble polymer) using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The timing of heat stress exerted a significant influence on the accumulation of total wheat protein and its fractions, and protein fractions differed in their responses to the timing of heat stress. Furthermore, wheat genotype influenced both the sensitivity of fractional protein accumulation to heat stress and the stage during grain filling at which maximum sensitivity to heat stress occurred.

scholarly journals Proteins and Metabolites as Indicators of Flours Quality and Nutritional Properties of Two Durum Wheat Varieties Grown in Different Italian Locations

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Sara Graziano ◽  
Nelson Marmiroli ◽  
Giovanna Visioli ◽  
Mariolina Gullì
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
The Impact

Durum wheat is an important food source in Mediterranean countries, and Italy is the major producer of durum wheat in Europe. The quality of durum wheat flours depends on the type and amount of gluten proteins and starch while flour nutritional value rests on metabolite contents such as polyphenols. In this work, two Italian cultivars, Iride and Svevo, were analyzed for two years (2016–2017) in four Italian regions to explore how the environment affects: (i) reserve proteome; (ii) starch content and composition; and (iii) free, conjugated, bound phenolics and antioxidant capacity. The impact of environmental and meteorological conditions was significant for many traits. Regardless of the cultivation site, in 2017, a year with less rainfall and a higher temperature during grain filling, there was an increase in low molecular weight glutenins, in the glutenin/gliadin ratio and in the A-type starch granules size, all parameters of higher technological quality. In the same year, the cultivars showed higher amounts of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the two wheat cultivars, selected for their medium to high yield and their good quality, had higher performances in 2017 regardless of their sowing locations.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress on the physiological processes of wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balla ◽  
I. Karsai ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
T. Kiss ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Response To Stress

Stress tolerance is associated with the activation of antioxidant compounds and enzyme systems that are capable of neutralising the reactive oxygen species (ROS) continually produced in response to stress. The present experiment was designed to compare the heat tolerance of four winter wheat varieties in the shooting and grain-filling stages by investigating changes detected in antioxidant enzyme activity and yield components in response to heat stress.Heat treatment was found to cause a significant rise in the activity of the glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzymes, while there was usually a less intense decline in the activity of guaiacol peroxidase.An analysis of yield data revealed that heat stress had a more pronounced effect during grain filling in this experiment than at the beginning of shooting, as shown by the greater reduction in thousand-kernel weight and yield.

Comparison of sudden heat stress with gradual exposure to high temperature during grain filling in two wheat varieties differing in heat tolerance. II. Fractional protein accumulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Stone ◽  
M.E. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Two varieties of wheat differing in heat tolerance (cvv. Egret and Oxley, tolerant and sensitive, respectively) were exposed to either a sudden or gradual (6°C h-1) increase from 20 to 40°C to determine if the rate of temperature increase used in controlled-environment studies (1) alters the accumulation of functionally important proteins during grain-filling, and (2) affects the ability to discriminate between heat tolerant and sensitive varieties of wheat. After heat treatment, grain samples were taken throughout grain growth and analysed for protein content and composition. Wheat proteins were separated and quantified as albumin/globulin, monomer, SDS-soluble polymer and SDS-insoluble polymer using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The rate of temperature increase exerted a significant influence on the accumulation of total wheat protein and its fractions, and protein fractions differed in their responses to the suddenness of heat stress. The acclimation to heat stress afforded by a gradual increase to high temperature can mitigate the effects of heat stress on fractional protein accumulation, and consequently grain protein composition at maturity. Furthermore, the ability of wheat to acclimate to high temperature varies between genotypes, and this needs to be taken into account when selecting for heat tolerance.

Germination ability and seedling vigour in the progeny of heat-stressed wheat plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balla ◽  
I. Karsai ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
The Individual

Heat stress during the grain-filling period has a substantial effect on embryo development, and on the size and chemical composition of the grain. The lines of a doubled haploid population arising from a cross between a heat-sensitive (Plainsman V) and a heat-tolerant (Mv Magma) wheat variety were analysed to determine how these changes influenced the germination of kernels formed during heat stress and the initial development of the seedlings. Heat stress during the early grain development of the main spike had a significant influence on the yield components, which differed however for the main and side spikes. Considerable differences were observed in the extent to which the yield components declined in the individual lines. Averaged over the population, the germination percentage, and the shoot and root length and root number of the seedlings did not differ significantly for seed originating from heat-stressed and control plants.

Effect of timing of heat stress during grain filling in two wheat varieties under moderate and very high temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
W. F. Song ◽  
L. J. Zhao ◽  
X. M. Zhang ◽  
Y. M. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Very High

Drought tolerance in cereals in terms of water retention, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Bencze ◽  
Zsuzsanna Bamberger ◽  
Tibor Janda ◽  
Krisztina Balla ◽  
Zoltán Bedő ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Wheat Varieties

AbstractExperiments were carried out on three bread wheat varieties, one barley and one durum wheat variety grown in pots in the phytotron and subjected to water withdrawal for 7 days during grain-filling. Leaf water loss, net assimilation rate and transpiration showed marked differences, allowing the genotypes to be ranked. Although the most resistant variety had the highest activity for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which did not rise further in response to drought and the most susceptible variety had the lowest values, which increased to the greatest extent under drought, the level of sensitivity could not be predicted for all the genotypes from the enzyme activity values alone. The largest increases were recorded for the APX, CAT and GR activities. In most genotypes the GR activity was correlated with that of GST, CAT and APX. Changes in the enzyme activities were observed after a decline in transpiration and photosynthesis. The range of soil moisture values over which the antioxidant enzyme activity levels remained relatively unchanged was a better indication of tolerance to drought than either basic or stress-induced activity levels.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Physiological Response of Durum Wheat Grain to Short-Term Heat Stress during Early Grain Filling

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Anita Arenas-M ◽  
Francisca M. Castillo ◽  
Diego Godoy ◽  
Javier Canales ◽  
Daniel F. Calderini
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wheat Grains

In a changing climate, extreme weather events such as heatwaves will be more frequent and could affect grain weight and the quality of crops such as wheat, one of the most significant crops in terms of global food security. In this work, we characterized the response of Triticum turgidum L. spp. durum wheat to short-term heat stress (HS) treatment at transcriptomic and physiological levels during early grain filling in glasshouse experiments. We found a significant reduction in grain weight (23.9%) and grain dimensions from HS treatment. Grain quality was also affected, showing a decrease in starch content (20.8%), in addition to increments in grain protein levels (14.6%), with respect to the control condition. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis of durum wheat grains allowed us to identify 1590 differentially expressed genes related to photosynthesis, response to heat, and carbohydrate metabolic process. A gene regulatory network analysis of HS-responsive genes uncovered novel transcription factors (TFs) controlling the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress response and grain quality, such as a member of the DOF family predicted to regulate glycogen and starch biosynthetic processes in response to HS in grains. In summary, our results provide new insights into the extensive transcriptome reprogramming that occurs during short-term HS in durum wheat grains.

scholarly journals Heat-induced accumulation of proline and yield components in genetically divergent cereal varieties

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Stefan Markovic ◽  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Nenad Nesovic ◽  
Nevena Djukic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fresh Plant ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Growth and development of cereals is affected by abiotic factors, particularly by high temperature. An important factor in plant adaptation to abiotic stress can be the proline accumulation. Proline is an amino acid involved in a series of metabolic processes and is important as a protein stabilizer, osmolyte and antioxidant. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of high temperature on the proline content and yield elements in different cereal varieties during two vegetative seasons. For the investigation, plant material of 8 genetically divergent winter wheat varieties, 1 variety of triticale and 1 oat variety were used. Samples were collected in days with moderate midday air temperatures of 24-26?C in the milk stage and after a few days in the same phenological stage, in conditions of high midday air temperatures of 34-36?C. Proline accumulation was determined spectrophotometrically. Statistical analyses of data were done in the SPSS program. The results during the first experimental year showed that under moderate air temperature conditions proline content was 0.661 ?mol g-1 fresh plant, and in the second experimental year 0.777 ?mol g-1 fresh plant. Under conditions of heat stress during the first year, the content of proline increased to 2.169 ?mol g-1 fresh plant, and in the second experimental year the average content was 2.510 ?mol g-1 fresh plant, which confirms the increase of proline accumulations under heat stress. Compared with other cereal varieties, wheat varieties Zvezdana, Pobeda, Simonida and Avenu were characterized by higher contents of proline in conditions of heat stress in both vegetative seasons. Statistical analysis and correlation of the results of proline accumulation and yield elements showed that more resistant varieties to heat stress conditions have higher yields.

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