scholarly journals The Serbian heritage of the Great War in Greece

Balcanica ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Vlasis Vlasidis
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Different Parts

During the First World War Serbian soldiers were encamped or fought in different parts of Greece. Many of them died there of diseases or exhaustion or were killed in battle. This paper looks at the issue of cemeteries of and memorials to the dead Serbian soldiers (primarily in the area of Corfu, Thessaloniki and Florina) in the context of post-war relations between Greece and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia), at the attitude of post-Second World War Yugoslavia towards them, and the Serbs? revived interest in their First World War history. It also takes a look at the image of Serbs in the memory of local people.

Western Ethnic Borderlands in the Influence of Russian-Soviet Propagangda Before and in the Years of the Second World War

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Igor Lyubchyk
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
Russian Identity

The research issue peculiarities of wide Russian propaganda among the most Western ethnographic group – Lemkies is revealed in the article. The character and orientation of Russian and Soviet agitation through the social, religious and social movements aimed at supporting Russian identity in the region are traced. Tragic pages during the First World War were Thalrogian prisons for Lemkas, which actually swept Lemkivshchyna through Muscovophilian influences. Agitation for Russian Orthodoxy has provoked frequent cases of sharp conflicts between Lemkas. In general, attempts by moskvophile agitators to impose russian identity on the Orthodox rite were failed. Taking advantage of the complex socio-economic situation of Lemkos, Russian campaigners began to promote moving to the USSR. Another stage of Russian propaganda among Lemkos began with the onset of the Second World War. Throughout the territory of the Galician Lemkivshchyna, Soviet propaganda for resettlement to the USSR began rather quickly. During the dramatic events of the Second World War and the post-war period, despite the outbreaks of the liberation movement, among the Lemkoswere manifestations of political sympathies oriented toward the USSR. Keywords: borderlands, Lemkivshchyna, Lemky, Lemkivsky schism, Moskvophile, Orthodoxy, agitation, ethnopolitics

The hope and faith of Armistice Day during the Second World War: remembering the lost generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (258) ◽  
pp. 790-813
Author(s):  
Samuel Tranter
Keyword(s):  
International Conflict ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Abstract Although the First World War did not fundamentally alter the British population, casualty figures were sufficiently large to engender post-war ideas about a lost generation. Closely linked to this popular myth was the commemorative ritual of Armistice Day. Using radio broadcasts, newsreels, Mass Observation reports and newspapers, this article provides a detailed examination of the language surrounding Armistice Day during the Second World War, revealing how it was used not only to frame loss but also to understand and explain the renewal of international conflict at a time when it is frequently assumed that commemoration ground to a halt.

The First World War and the International Economy. Edited by Chris Wrigley. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2000. Pp. x, 221.

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1168-1170
Author(s):  
James Foreman-Peck
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Economy ◽  
World War ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

What difference did the First World War make to the international economy? Since “one thing leads to another,” avoiding this conflict might have prevented the Bolshevik revolution and the Second World War. The Soviet empire need not have collapsed because it would never have arisen. By the same token, the Fascist rulers of Europe and the militaristic government of Japan might never have come to power. On this reckoning, the impact of the “Great War” was to take the twentieth century on a long detour.

scholarly journals Trasformazioni del lavoro e antidemocrazia negli anni tra le due guerre

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Musso
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The present contribution is divided into two parts: the first is the transformations of the world of labour between the two wars, tracing the context in which totalitarian impulses of a fascist nature were affirmed; the second, closely connected to the first, tries to outline the methods and contents with which counter-democracy tried to gain consensus, even in the world of labour. We will try to retrace, in broad terms, some trajectories of change induced by the First World War, their evolution in the inter-war period, the influence that these changes exerted on the Second World War and beyond, with some reference to the post-war period.

From Reform to Rights: The American Culture of the Citizen Soldier and the Transformation of the Crusading Metaphor, 1917–1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-246
Author(s):  
Graham Cross
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Vernacular Culture ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Abstract The “crusading” imagery attached to American soldiers in the 1917–1945 period performed an important function in assigning meaning to the wars of the United States. This was the result of a complex interplay between “official” and “vernacular” culture. The doughboys of the First World War at times fought a romantic “crusade” to reform the nation, world and themselves from a morally privileged position. In the post-war era, the romantic “crusade” survived but was more in tune with the conservative corporatism of Republican administrations. By the Second World War, gi s had become the agents of a very different “crusade”. Americans now embraced statist common effort in a realist prospective vision for human rights. This fundamental change in the meaning of “crusade” attached to the experiences of American soldiers suggests a protean nature to the metaphor and problematises notions of an ideologically cohesive American “crusade” in the world during the 20th century.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Norman Ingram
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

This chapter sets up three main arguments that are developed in the book: first, that the debate on war origins and war guilt in the First World War nearly destroyed the Ligue des droits de l’homme well before the Second World War; secondly, that this debate lay at the heart of a dissenting, new style of pacifism which emerged in France near the end of the 1920s; and thirdly, that both of these phenomena catalysed the emergence of pro-Vichy sentiments during the Second World War. This latter development was not the result of philo-fascism but rather of an overriding commitment to peace which had its origin in the belief that the Great War had been fought by France under false pretences.

scholarly journals The Tears of 1939: German Women and the Emotional Archive of the First World War

Total War ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 78-97
Author(s):  
Claudia Siebrecht
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Event ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter focuses on tearful reactions to the outbreak of war in 1939 as described and recalled by German women in diaries, memoirs, and oral histories. Women who were at different life stages in 1939 offer nuanced and explicit testimonies of their emotional responses, which were predominantly framed with references to the First World War. Retained memories of bereavement and hardship are particularly striking, and this chapter argues that both personal and familial experiences of the period between 1914 and 1918 were of key importance as they accumulated into an emotional archive. This emotional archive represented a crucial reference point for women to gauge a contemporaneous response to a political event—the outbreak of war in 1939. It also facilitated the construction of a personal stance and political positioning to war in a retrospective post-Second World War context. Women’s tears of 1939 were therefore about more than the outbreak of war; they were about owning and disowning different parts of their past.

scholarly journals Annulling the trauma: Neoclassicism as a modernist (?) antidote to society's ills

New Sound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Miloš Bralović
Keyword(s):  
Igor Stravinsky ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
World War ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The First World War ended a hundred years ago. This historical event of colossal proportions significantly changed both European and world history. And it is very probable that in the following years (that is, the 1920s), this event influenced many 'calls to order', to paraphrase the title of Jean Cocteau's infamous 1923 essay. Therefore, in this paper, we first examined (in the most general terms) overall historical conditions which influenced the emergence of neoclassicism in Paris, before and shortly after The Great War. With this in mind, we also examined the overall conditions of the emergence of neoclassicism in Serbian music, which (acknowledging several modest attempts before The Second World War) appeared as a (sort of) dominant movement significantly later, compared to its French counterpart, that is, in the 1950s. At this point, the only correlation between the two neoclassicism is that they both appear after significant, primarily destructive, historical events. Therefore, having in mind that after two wars of vast proportions, contexts changed, we examined the ways by which the composers (that is Igor Stravinsky and Milan Ristić, as case studies) tried to find a stable way into mainstream art and, to some extent, redevelop their poietics.

‘Morts Pour La France’; The African Soldier in France during the Second World War

1985 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron Echenberg
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
French West Africa ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
Trade Union Organization

The involvement of African combatants in France from 1939 to 1945 probably surpassed the large mobilization of an earlier generation during the First World War. Carefully prepared ideologically and well received by the French public, Africans nevertheless paid a heavy price in lives and suffering as soldiers during the Battle of France and as prisoners of the Germans. Liberation brought a new set of tribulations, including discriminatory treatment from French authorities. These hardships culminated in a wave of African soldiers' protests in 1944–5, mainly in France, but including the most serious rising, the so-called mutiny at Thiaroye, outside Dakar, where thirty-five African soldiers were killed.The war's impact was ambiguous. Tragedies like Thiaroye sent shock waves throughout French West Africa, delegitimizing naked force as a political instrument in post-war politics and sweeping away an older form of paternalism. Yet while a militant minority were attracted to more radical forms of political and trade-union organization, most African veterans reaffirmed their loyalties to the French State, which ultimately paid their pensions.

The Motif of Sacrifice in the Literature and Culture of the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rawlinson
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
War Poetry ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

This chapter explores how Anglophone literature and culture envisioned and questioned an economy of sacrificial exchange, particularly its symbolic aspect, as driving the compulsions entangled in the Second World War. After considering how Elizabeth Bowen’s short stories cast light on the Home Front rhetorics of sacrifice and reconstruction, it looks at how poets Robert Graves, Keith Douglas, and Alun Lewis reflect on First World War poetry of sacrifice. With reference to René Girard’s and Carl von Clausewitz’s writings on war, I take up Elaine Cobley’s assertion about the differing valencies of the First and Second World Wars, arguing that the contrast is better seen in terms of sacrificial economy. I develop that argument with reference to examples from Second World War literature depicting sacrificial exchange (while often harking back to the First World War), including Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour Trilogy (1952–61), and William Wharton’s memoir Shrapnel (2012).

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