scholarly journals The road to democracy: The development of constitutionalism in Serbia 1869-1903

Balcanica ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 133-172
Author(s):  
Dusan Batakovic
Keyword(s):  
Third Republic ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Road ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
The People ◽  
The Will ◽  
First Time

After the swiftly abolished liberal Constitution of 1835 and the imposed 'Turkish' one of 1838 (imposed by the Russians and Ottomans, guarantors of Serbia's autonomy granted in 1830, to limit the princely power), the development of constitutionalism in modern Serbia went through several phases. As elsewhere in the Balkans, constitutions usually resulted from a compromise between the ruler and the elites rather than from the will of the people. The 1868 Constitution drew to an extent upon the early nineteenth-century German constitutional monarchies, but, under pressure from the politically mobilized population, the 1888 Constitution, proposed by the Radical Party in response to the egalitarian aspirations of the nation's agrarian majority, adopted a French constitutional model - with a unicameral system and frequent coalition governments. Shaped on the model of the Belgian Constitution of 1831, which in its turn was a modified version of the French Charte of 1830, it restored a French influence, expressed for the first time in the 1835 Constitution. The 1888 Constitution was passed by the Grand National Assembly with its five-sixth majority of Radicals, representatives of the agrarian majority. It was soon annulled by the coup d'?tat of 1894 and the Court-imposed Constitution of 1869 was reinstituted. The Constitution of 1901 was an attempt to introduce a bicameral system as a means of upholding the influential role of the ruler, while limiting that of the Radical Party, which had enjoyed an ample electoral support since the 1888 Constitution. After the assassination in 1903 of the last Obrenovic ruler king Alexander, and his wife, queen Draga, the liberal Constitution of 1888 with minor modifications was reinstituted. Under this Constitution - which is commonly known as the 1903 Constitution and which, during the democratic reign of king Peter I Kardjordjevic, was no longer challenged - Serbian democracy remained fragile, because there was no upper house to counteract as it did in the French Third Republic, the predominantly party-biased way of running the affairs of state.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Historography of Perestroika

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-989
Author(s):  
Yurii V. Latysh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
Soviet Communism

The article deals with the main trends and debatable issues in the Ukrainian historiography of Perestroika. The author establishes a connection between the prevailing ideas about the place of Soviet statehood in the history of Ukraine and the role of Perestroika in it. The totalitarian paradigm dominant in Ukrainian historiography is analyzed, according to which: 1) the reforms were unable to correct the Soviet communism whose collapse was imminent; 2) as a result of the collapse of the Soviet empire the peoples were given the opportunity to create national states and return to the “road of civilization” — to a market economy based on private property. The concepts of the system crisis of the Soviet model of socialism and the transformation of perestroika as a “revolution from above” into the national revolution during the Ukrainian national revival are considered. The article pays a particular attention to the coverage of the role of Ukraine in the disintegration of the USSR in the historiography since the position of the situational union of sovereign communists and nationalists at the time of the conclusion of the Belovezhsky agreements rested on the will of the people — the AllUkrainian referendum. Russia and Belarus did not conduct referendums on independence. It has been established that Ukrainian historians have concentrated on studying certain aspects of Perestroika, mainly related to Ukraine. They concern the Ukrainian national, linguistic, cultural and ecclesiastical revival, the activities of the national-democratic opposition. Many aspects of Perestroika (economic reforms, foreign policy, social history, the history of everyday life) in Ukraine are almost not researched at all.

Laws, Liberties, and the Will of the People

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-177
Author(s):  
Sarah Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dutch Revolt ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The People ◽  
The Will ◽  
Role Of Religion

From the 1560s, tensions between Protestant and Catholics escalated and this was accompanied by a wave of writing on political and religious ideas, especially in France and the Netherlands. There was a renewed interest in the nature and origins of authority within the political sphere, particularly the importance of the ‘people’ and the ways in which their will could be both represented and controlled. This chapter considers some of the key texts of resistance theory written in the 1560s and 1570s, including Francogallia and the Vindiciae, Contra Tyrannos in France, and George Buchanan’s De Jure Regni apud Scotos in Scotland. Discussions of liberty and privileges in the Netherlands during the Dutch Revolt are also considered; here historically based arguments began to be supplemented by appeals to wider principles of morality and natural law. The election of Henry of Valois to the Polish throne provides one example of elective monarchy in practice. This chapter discusses the role of religion and of legal arguments in the development of resistance theories. It also highlights some of the practical and conceptual difficulties in appealing to popular sovereignty, especially in a period of deep confessional divisions, and shows how the authority of magistrates could be understood in different ways.

Some Observations on the Role of Ducats in the Balkans in Late Medieval and Modern Times

Rural History ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDAR N. BRZIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects

Ducats were issued for the first time in the second half of the thirteenth century. Although practically invisible in Western Europe nowadays, they are still hoarded and used by the rural population of the Balkans. The wealth stored in them is considerable; its level does not show signs of structural decline yet, even in the age of the almighty euro. The history of the use of ducats in the Balkans can be divided into three distinctive periods. Using a descriptive economic-historical approach, the characteristics of these periods, their main evolutionary aspects and particularities are being observed and explained. An overview of countries issuing ducats in the Balkans is given and some economic comparisons used to illustrate the significance of ducats as an economic phenomenon. Finally, the very important question of the use of ducats in jewelry in the Balkans is considered.

scholarly journals National Assembly Make Law or Cease The Making Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Dang Dung ◽  
Nguyen Thuy Duong
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Power ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Doi Moi ◽  
The People ◽  
Legislative Branch ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Right

Although there has not been a reform like executive and judicial power , since the “Doi Moi” reform until now, the National Assembly - the legislative branch of Vietnamese government has achieved certain successes, but to implement 2013 Constitution better, there ‘s still a lot of work to do. First of all, we have to change our awareness: Legislative power is not simply the right to adopt a law, but also the right to suspend law drafting when the laws do not express the will of the people, nor do they reflect objective movement of society. Keywords: National Assembly, legislative power, right to cease the making law.

scholarly journals Gli artisti veneziani alla Biennale (1895-1905)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde Ferrarin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Skills ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Will ◽  
Self Rule ◽  
First Time ◽  
Venice Biennale ◽  
General Secretary

Venice Biennale, created by the will and the organizational skills of the Venetian artists, was actually managed exclusively by Antonio Fradeletto. The new figure of the “General Secretary” has distinguished for the first time the role of artists, interrupting the tradition of ‘self-rule’ of painters and sculptors used to managing any artistic event. This essay analyses this important moment of transition, reporting events that took place in its administration during the first years of the Biennale. Through magazines periodicals of the time we report the critical fortune that these works of art had in the local and national press, in an attempt to verify if the creators of the Biennale succeeded in the difficult task of emerging and getting noticed in such a vast and international artistic context.

scholarly journals National and cultural activities of the Tatar diaspora in the North Western China in the first half of the XX century: theater and string orchestra

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
G.N. Khisamieva
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Western China ◽  
String Orchestra ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the national and cultural life of the Tatar diaspora in the Northwest China has not been the subject of the research. The research interest is also caused by the fact that the history of the formation and development of the Tatar diaspora, every day, spiritual, educational and cultural life has not been studied at all and is of particular interest to researchers. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the article examines the process of formation of Tatar theaters and string orchestras in the cities of Kuldzha and Chuguchak for the first time, where the bulk of Tatar emigrants lived. Particular attention was paid to the role of Tatar theaters in the life of indigenous and visiting peoples of the XUAR of the PRC. The purpose of the work is to study and systematize the national and cultural life of the Tatars of Xinjiang. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that the creation of theaters and string orchestras has contributed to the rallying of the Tatars, as well as the preservation of the native language, literature, traditions, culture and identity of the people, which is also a very important factor in preserving identity among the local population of Xinjiang.

scholarly journals PERAN PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM PENGELOLAAN PERTAMBANGAN RAKYAT DI DESA BORISALLO KECAMATAN PARANGLOE KABUPATEN GOWA

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim ◽  
Jaelan Usman ◽  
Handam Handam
Keyword(s):  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The People ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
New Jobs

The purpose of this study is to determine the government's role in recommending permit for people based mining in the Borisallo village, Parangloe District of Gowa Regency and to know how the village government in providing guidance to the people in the village Borisallo mining Parangloe District of Gowa. The method used is qualitative. Data were collected using instruments such as: observation, documentation and developed with interviews with informants. Technical analysis of the data used in this study is a model of interactive analysis, namely : data collection, data reduction, data serving and withdrawal conclusions. The validity of the data in this study examined using triangulation techniques. These results indicate that the role of the village government is quite good in the management of people through the mechanism of recommendation and coaching. This method is an attempt to reduce illegal mining in the village Borisallo the daily increasing because of the lack of new jobs. Another policy that has been applied by the village government Borisallo in reducing adverse environmental impacts caused by the people themselves, by imposing a levy policy for improvement of the road maintenance. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu Untuk mengetahui peran pemerintah Desa dalam merekomendasikan perizinan pertambangan rakyat di Desa Borisallo Kecamatan Parangloe Kabupaten Gowa dan Untuk mengetahui cara pemerintah desa dalam memberikan pembinaan terhadap pertambangan rakyat di Desa Borisallo Kecamatan Parangloe Kabupaten Gowa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa : observasi, dokumentasi dan dikembangkan dengan wawancara terhadap informan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model analisa interaktif, yaitu: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini diperiksa dengan menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa peran pemerintah desa cukup baik dalam pengelolaan pertambangan rakyat melalui mekanisme rekomendasi dan pembinaan. Cara ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk mengurangi penambangan ilegal di Desa Borisallo yang semakin hari semakin banyak karena kurangnya lapangan kerja baru. Kebijakan lain yang telah diterapkan oleh pemerintah desa Borisallo dalam mengurangi dampak buruk bagi lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh masyarakat itu sendiri yaitu dengan memberlakukan kebijakan retribusi untuk pemeliharaan jalan.

Renaissance, Reformation, and the Road to Westphalia

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-81
Author(s):  
William Bain
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Will ◽  
Interpretive Frame

The purpose of this chapter is to challenge the ubiquitous narrative that portrays the transition from medieval to modern as the start of the progressive secularization of international relations. Setting the emergence of the modern states system against the backdrop of medieval institutions and practices privileges evidence of change, while concealing evidence of continuity. The discourse of Westphalia provides the dominant interpretive frame of this narrative. This chapter recovers threads of continuity, without denying the significance of change, by explaining the transition from medieval to modern in the context of change within inherited continuity. It examines the role of the Renaissance and Reformation, events regularly portrayed as harbingers of revolutionary change, in carrying ideas associated with the theory of imposed order into the modern world. The main contention is that the boundary that separates medieval and modern is less fixed and more porous than most theorists of international relations seem to realize. Neither the Renaissance nor the Reformation inaugurate a turn away from religion. Both emphasize the primacy of the will, consistent with the theory of imposed order, which is given to imagining political order as a construction born of word and deed. Recovering the threads of continuity that connect medieval and modern is a crucial step in advancing the larger argument of this book, namely that modern theories of international order reflect a medieval inheritance that can be traced to nominalist theology.

scholarly journals “The People Who Write to Us Are the People Who Don't Like Us”: Class, Gender, and Citizenship in the Survey of Sickness, 1943–1952

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Payling
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
And Gender ◽  
British State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe Second World War and the rise of social medicine in 1940s Britain reframed population health as a social problem in need of state investigation. The resulting government inquiry, the Survey of Sickness, sampled the whole adult population of England and Wales, engaging a broad and diverse cross-section in public health research for the first time. Complaints made against the Survey of Sickness reveal a complex set of relationships between different sections of the public and the British state. This article situates complaints about privacy, liberty, and wasted resources, as well as challenges to the authority of survey fieldworkers, in the context of wider resistance to postwar controls. By viewing these protests and criticisms in light of the material circumstances of the people who made them, this article argues that, for those with social, economic, and political capital, the role of the public in public health was up for negotiation in postwar Britain. The everyday politics of the survey's doorstep encounters were heavily influenced by gendered notions of home and citizenship. This exploration of how different sections of the public were constructed by public health and how they responded to that construction describes the hierarchies of expertise under formation while illuminating how class and gender informed contemporary understandings of citizenship in the emerging postwar British state.

scholarly journals THE GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE – THE FOUNDATION OF A DEMOCRATIC STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3(65)) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Александр Фёдорович МАЛЫЙ ◽  
Алмаз Альбертович НИГМЕТЗЯНОВ ◽  
Игорь Геннадиевич НИКИТЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Government

The forms of direct expression of the will of the people are diverse, and their use is the basis for the functioning of a democratic state. Their research remains relevant due to the objective changes in social relations and the accompanying political technologies. Purpose: to focus on the analysis of legislation that changes in the light of political considerations, to show the role of society in setting priorities for the development of particular relations, and to use the experience of foreign countries in analyzing such a form of expression of will as a referendum. Methods: the authors use comparison, description, interpretation, theoretical methods of formal logic. Special scientific methods such as legal-dogmatic and interpretation of legal norms are used. Results: the study concludes that there is no alternative to the government by the people as a constitutional principle that balances the interests of all segments of society. It is important to take into account the experience of other countries, which provides a wealth material for analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document