scholarly journals Evidence of genetic hybridization of the wild boar and the indigenous black pig in northern Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
George Laliotis ◽  
Meni Avdi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
As Species ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Crop Damages ◽  
Extensive Farming

In Greece both the black indigenous pig and the wild boar are considered as species of valuable genetic diversity while their products achieve a valuable market price. However, many crop damages are recorded, with farmers to claim that wild boar hybrids are responsible. On the other hand, black pig classification is based on phenotypic characteristics, which does not ensure breed?s homogeneity in case of hybridization. Using the PCR-RFLP methodology, pig samples (n=135) from different rearing situations (feral boars, semi-extensive black pigs and extensive wild boars) were examined in order to identify whether or not hybridization exists. In the examined feral population of wild boar a 26% of hybrids was noted, while in the case of the extensive farming population of wild pigs a hybridization of 11.76% was observed. Interestingly, in both cases of the examined black pigs? populations, a mentionable hybridization with wild boar was observed, reflecting probably an implemented breeding practice or uncontrolled mating with wild boars. A pivotal level (5-7%) of inbreeding rate was also noted in the examined populations. The immediate removal of hybrids from all the examined populations should be achieved, in order to prevent and eliminate further introgression, genetic depression and loss of genetic diversity for both populations of wild boar and black pig. Finally, the applied methodology may be used by state authorities or certifying organizations to test, control or inspect farms rearing wild boar or black pig populations in order to record and eliminate hybridization events between them.

scholarly journals Investigation of the origin and genetic diversity of wild boars in Northeast Asia via mitochondrial D-loop markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jianing ◽  
Pang Daxin ◽  
Yu Hao ◽  
Zhou Lin ◽  
Wang Wentao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Distribution Centre ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Northeast Asian

Abstract Background Northeast Asia is one of the most important wild boar resources habitats in China. The origin and genetic diversity of wild boars in this region are not currently clear. Results In this study, we determined the mtDNA D-loop sequences of 23 wild boars from Northeast Asia and analysed the sequences of 480 Eurasian wild boars available from NCBI. The Eurasian wild boar sequence pool included a total of 21 D-loop haplotypes, among which 27 SNPs were distributed. The phylogenetic tree showed that Eurasian wild boars could be divided into two major groups: Northeast Asian wild boars were mainly concentrated in group A, dominated by East Asian wild boars, while group B consisted of West Asian and European wild boars. Haplotypes 2, 11, 13, and 14 of group A in Southeast China shared position 120C with the outgroup, indicating that they might represent the ancestral group of wild boars. The observed geographical distribution and haplotype heat maps further showed that all the Eurasian wild boars were separately distributed and differentiated from native-born boars in Southeast China. Similarly, Northeast Asian wild boars belonged to one of the branches. Conclusions Taken together, the results show that Heilongjiang Province exhibits higher wild boar diversity than Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and South Korea and is likely to be the distribution centre in Northeast Asia.

scholarly journals Territorial pattern between outbreaks of ASF among wild and domestic pigs in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (104) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Ye. O. Dudnyk
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Epizootic Process

The article presents the results of the analysis of the epizootic situation in Ukraine regarding African swine fever among domestic and wild pigs from 2012 to 2020 and identifies the main sources of virus spread as well as weak links in the biological safety system of farms. When studying the statistical material of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection regarding animal morbidity, revealed a territorial pattern between the outbreaks of African swine fever among wild boars and domestic pigs of private farms and pig-breeding complexes, and proved the involvement of the European boar in the epizootic process as a natural reservoir and mobile focus of infection. Calculated the number of outbreaks of African swine fever among wild boars and domestic pigs within the same region and district, and studied the sequence of the emergence of foci on limited territories. Analyzed the natural focality of the disease, the probability of infection transmission to the domestic pig farm sector, and the role of infected objects in the spread of the virus among wild animal populations. From 2012 to 2020 inclusive, according to FAO statistics, 537 cases of African swine fever were recorded in Ukraine, 21.7 % of which were associated with wild boars. In 2017 and 2018, the role of the European wild boar in the epizootic process is best reflected, when 10.9 % (2017) and 20.4 % (2018) of outbreaks of African swine fever among domestic animals recorded in the same administrative districts, where during a year this desiase was detected among wild pigs. When analyzing statistical data of the recent years, the effectiveness of introducing more detailed monitoring of African swine fever among wild boars using modern laboratory methods and improving biosafety measures in the private sector and directly on hunting grounds has been proved. Further research is based on predicting the dynamics of the spread of African swine fever in Ukraine and the role of wild boar in this epizootic process. In addition, the role of wild boar in the spread of African swine fever in other countries and the most effective foreign methods of disease control and prevention will be analyzed.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA control region variability in wild boars from west Balkans

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihajla Djan ◽  
Nevena Velickovic ◽  
Dragana Obreht ◽  
Tubic Kocis ◽  
Vladimir Markovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The West ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Control Region ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Balkan Region

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of most abundant game species in hunting areas of Balkan region. The large fraction of pre-glacial genetic diversity in wild boar populations from the Balkans was addressed due to high proportion of unique mtDNA haplotypes found in Greece, indicating Balkan as main refugial area for wild boars. The aim of the present study is to characterize mitochondrial DNA control region variability in wild boars from different areas in the West Balkan region, in order to evaluate level of genetic variability, to detect unique haplotypes and to infer possible structuring. The total number of 163 individuals from different sampling localities were included in the study. A fragment of the mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced by standard procedures. Population genetic analyses were performed using several computer packages: BioEdit, ARLEQUIN 3.5.1.2., Network 4.6.0.0 and MEGA5. Eleven different haplotypes were identified and haplotype diversity was 0.676, nucleotide diversity 0.0026, and the average number of nucleotide differences (k) 1.169. The mismatch distribution and neutrality tests indicated the expansion of the all populations. It is shown that high level of genetic diversity is present in the wild boars from the West Balkan region and we have managed to detect regional unique haplotypes in high frequency. Genetic diversity differences have been found in regional wild boar groups, clustering them in two main clusters, but further speculations on the reasons for the observed clustering are prevented due to restricted informativness of the single locus marker. Obtained knowledge of genetic variation in the wild boar may be relevant for improving knowledge of the phylogeny and phylogeography of the wild boars, but as well as for hunting societies and responsible authorities for the effective control of wild boar populations.

scholarly journals Meat quality and ultrastructure of muscle tissue from fatteners of Wild Boar, Pulawska and its crossbreed Pulawska × (Hamshire × Wild Boar)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kasprzyk ◽  
A. Stasiak ◽  
M. Babicz
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Semimembranosus Muscle ◽  
Cross Striation

Abstract. The investigation included three genetic groups, i.e. Pulawska, Wild boar and Pulawska × (Hampshire × Wild boar) crossbreds. Each group comprised 8 individuals (1: 1 sex ratio). The animals were presented for slaughter at 90 kg body weight. The muscles of the analysed genetic groups have shown good quality, pH 6.07–6.54. Lower diameters were characteristic for both, wild boars and wild pigs, that averaged 33.74 μm and 35.4 μm for m. longissimus dorsi (MLD) and then 42.3 μm and 46.43 μm for m. semimembranosus (MS), respectively. It is likely to arise from their higher rate in the muscles regarding total red fiber content. The shortest sarcomeres were established in a group of wild boars (2.03 μm MLD and 2.31 μm MS) that may confirm the association with their meat tenderness. The most juicy and tender meat was produced by pigs of Pulawska breed, whereas the meat obtained from Pulawska pigs and crossbreds earned the highest score for flavour intensity and taste. Markedly higher sarcosomers number was characteristic for the semimembranosus muscles. Contractile fibres in wild boars’ muscles were separated by greater amount of the sarcoplasma as compared to other animals. The analysis of longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus muscle microstructure confirmed that the presented genetic groups showed proper structure of the muscle tissue and did not show any degenerative lesions. The muscles visualized the well-preserved sarcomeric structure, appropriate cell nuclei and mitochondria. Besides, the regular cross striation was visible giving evidence of the muscle decontraction.

scholarly journals Spatial Genetic Structure and Demographic History of the Wild Boar in the Qinling Mountains, China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Chaochao Hu ◽  
Sijia Yuan ◽  
Wan Sun ◽  
Wan Chen ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
The Impact

Species dispersal patterns and population genetic structure can be influenced by geographical features. Qinling Mountains (QM) provide an excellent area for phylogeographic study. The phylogeography of Asian-wide wild boars revealed the colonization route. However, the impact of the QM on genetic diversity, genetic structure and population origin is still poorly understood. In this study, genetic analysis of wild boar in the QM was conducted based on the mitochondrial control region (943 bp) and twelve microsatellite loci of 82 individuals in 16 sampling locations. Overall genetic haplotype diversity was 0.86, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.0079. A total of 17 new haplotypes were detected. The level of genetic diversity of wild boars in QM was lower than in East Asia, but higher than in Europe. Phylogenetic analysis showed the weak genetic divergence in QM. Mismatch analysis, neutrality tests, and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) results revealed that the estimates of effective population size were under demographic equilibrium in the past. Spatial analysis of molecular variance indicated no obvious phylogeographic structure.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
Valeria Listorti ◽  
Isabella Martini ◽  
Laura Migone ◽  
Lucia Decastelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

scholarly journals Modelling the Spatial Distribution of ASF-Positive Wild Boar Carcasses in South Korea Using 2019–2020 National Surveillance Data

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Jun-Sik Lim ◽  
Timothée Vergne ◽  
Son-Il Pak ◽  
Eutteum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Imperfect Detection ◽  
Wild Boars

In September 2019, African swine fever (ASF) was reported in South Korea for the first time. Since then, more than 651 ASF cases in wild boars and 14 farm outbreaks have been notified in the country. Despite the efforts to eradicate ASF among wild boar populations, the number of reported ASF-positive wild boar carcasses have increased recently. The purpose of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of ASF-positive wild boar carcasses to identify the risk factors associated with the presence and number of ASF-positive wild boar carcasses in the affected areas. Because surveillance efforts have substantially increased in early 2020, we divided the study into two periods (2 October 2019 to 19 January 2020, and 19 January to 28 April 2020) based on the number of reported cases and aggregated the number of reported ASF-positive carcasses into a regular grid of hexagons of 3-km diameter. To account for imperfect detection of positive carcasses, we adjusted spatial zero-inflated Poisson regression models to the number of ASF-positive wild boar carcasses per hexagon. During the first study period, proximity to North Korea was identified as the major risk factor for the presence of African swine fever virus. In addition, there were more positive carcasses reported in affected hexagons with high habitat suitability for wild boars, low heat load index (HLI), and high human density. During the second study period, proximity to an ASF-positive carcass reported during the first period was the only significant risk factor for the presence of ASF-positive carcasses. Additionally, low HLI and elevation were associated with an increased number of ASF-positive carcasses reported in the affected hexagons. Although the proportion of ASF-affected hexagons increased from 0.06 (95% credible interval (CrI): 0.05–0.07) to 0.09 (95% CrI: 0.08–0.10), the probability of reporting at least one positive carcass in ASF-affected hexagons increased from 0.49 (95% CrI: 0.41–0.57) to 0.73 (95% CrI: 0.66–0.81) between the two study periods. These results can be used to further advance risk-based surveillance strategies in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Trichinosis in Lublin Province in 2003-2010 on a Background of Wild Boar`S Population Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Marian Flis
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
Domestic Swine ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Abstract The research aimed at evaluating the epizootic and epidemiological situation of trichinosis during the last 8 years in Lublin province on a background of progressing increase in wild boar population within the region and in the whole country. Data for the study were taken from the report on the results of the official examination of slaughter animals and meat, poultry, game, lagomorphs and aquaculture animals and six reports on the number of trichinosis cases found at wild boars and domestic swine. In order to evaluate the trichinosis epidemiological situation within the region, reports of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene on the number of identified trichinosis cases in people, as well as the number of hospitalised patients were presented. In addition, information on the population and hunting achievement of wild boars in hunting circuits of Lublin province during the last 8 years was enclosed. The number of identified trichinosis cases in meat of wild boars from Lublin region increased 9 times, while the percentage of trichinosis occurrence in reference to the number of examined carcasses almost 3-fold. At the same period, the number of porcine carcasses, in which trichinosis was found, decreased by over 4 times. Over double increase in wild boar population on the studied area was observed during the evaluation. Dynamic increase in the population size - in an aspect of the species population interaction with the living habitat, and in the form of the increase in the number of damages of crops and cultivation fields - contributed to intensified hunting pressure towards the species expressed as almost 3-fold increase of wild boar hunting. Analysis of epizootic and epidemiological situation of Poland indicates that wild boar meat was the principal source of trichinosis during the studied period. Considering Lublin province, the number of identified trichinosis cases is still high as compared to eastern and central provinces. Meanwhile, when compared to western and northern Poland, the level of trichinosis invasion can be considered as low. Furthermore, the trichinosis morbidity among people, that does not exceed 0.18/100 thousand inhabitants, can be regarded as low. Nevertheless, the fact of underestimating the necessity of both wild boar’s and swine’s meat examination seems to be alarming

The effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Martyna Batorska ◽  
Justyna Więcek ◽  
Małgorzata Kunowska-Slósarz ◽  
Kamila Puppel ◽  
Jan Slósarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
European Wild Boar

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat. The research was carried out on 50 wild boars shot during four battues at hunting reserves in the central part of Poland. The carcasses were divided into three groups: ≤30 kg (G1), 31–45 kg (G2), and >45 kg (G3). The protein concentration increased with carcass weight (P ≤ 0.01). The concentration of saturated fatty acids was influenced by carcass weight and was higher when weight increased. A significantly higher level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was found in the carcasses of wild boars from G3 compared with G1 group (P ≤ 0.01). The content of C18:2n-6 was significantly lower in the lightest carcasses compared with the heaviest (P ≤ 0.05). Statistical analysis confirmed that carcasses weight significantly affected polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 content. The lightest carcasses contained a significantly higher concentration of PUFA n-3 (P ≤ 0.01). In addition, in G3, the amount of C22:5n-3 was two-fold lower (P ≤ 0.01) than in G1. The research has shown that the meat quality was affected by the carcass weight, resulting better parameters in the lighter than in the heavier carcasses. Therefore, most of the culled wild boars should be squeakers and young boars after the first year of life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document