scholarly journals Zeolite as a factor in the improvement of some production traits of dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ilic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
S. Pesev ◽  
J. Stojkovic ◽  
B. Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Different Levels

Milk yield and milk chemical composition are largely affected by diet quality. Natural zeolite has been successfully used in livestock production as a feed supplement for some types and categories of domestic animals. This experiment was conducted over a period of 15 months involving Domestic Spotted dairy cattle. The test animals were assigned to three groups, each receiving different levels of supplemental zeolite. The control group comprised cows that received no zeolite supplement. Experimental groups I and II were fed compound feeds supplemented with 4% and 2% zeolite, respectively. The production traits studied included the following milk performance traits: whole lactation length, milk and fat yields over whole lactations, milk and fat yields over standard lactations. The results obtained suggest that zeolite supplementation affects some production traits, depending on the zeolite level present in livestock feed.

scholarly journals Zeolite as a factor in the improvement of some reproductive traits of dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1016
Author(s):  
S. Pesev ◽  
Z. Ilic ◽  
B. Milosevic ◽  
Z. Spasic ◽  
B. Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Different Levels

Reproductive traits and health status in dairy cows are largely affected by diet quality. Natural zeolite has been successfully used in livestock production as a feed supplement for some types and categories of domestic animals. This experiment was conducted over a period of 15 months involving Domestic Spotted dairy cows. The test animals were assigned to three groups, each receiving different levels of supplemental zeolite. The control group comprised cows that received no zeolite supplement. Experimental groups I and II were fed rations supplemented with 4% and 2% zeolite, respectively. The reproductive traits studied included gestation length, length of service period, length of calving interval, calf body weight at birth and calf body weight at 90 days of age. The results obtained suggest that zeolite supplementation affects some reproductive traits, depending on the zeolite level present in livestock feed.

scholarly journals Effect of zeolite on the chemical composition of milk from Serbian spotted dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1000
Author(s):  
R. Djokovic ◽  
Z. Ilic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
S. Pesev ◽  
B. Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Specific Trait

Milk yield and milk chemical composition are largely affected by the quality of dairy cattle diet. The chemical composition of milk is dependent upon a large number of factors, including breed, diet, care, housing system, stage of lactation, etc. Milk composition is primarily a breed-specific trait. This study was conducted over a period of 15 months, involving Serbian Spotted dairy cattle. The experimental animals were assigned to three groups, each receiving different levels of supplemental zeolite. The control group comprised cows that received no zeolite supplement. Experimental Groups I and II were fed compound feeds supplemented with 4% and 2% zeolite, respectively. Milk samples were analysed for the contents of milk fat, proteins, fat-free solids and lactose, and density. The results obtained suggest that zeolite supplementation affects milk chemical composition, depending on the zeolite level present in livestock feed.

scholarly journals Performance and Metabolism of Dairy Cows Fed Bean Seeds (Vicia faba) with Different Levels of Anti-Nutritional Substances

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Melicharová ◽  
Alena Pechová ◽  
Rudolf Dvořák ◽  
Leoš Pavlata
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Health ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected bean cultivars with different levels of anti-nutritional substances on performance and metabolism of dairy cows. In the current twelve-week-long study, 32 dairy cows at 3 to 6 weeks after parturition were divided into four groups. Diets were balanced to have an analogical content of crude protein and energy. Experimental groups (MI, ME, MET) were mixed to the milking concentrate consisting of 20% bean seeds (MI - MISTRAL cultivar with a low content of anti-nutritional substances; ME - MERKUR cultivar with high content of anti-nutritional substances; MET - MERKUR cultivar with technologically reduced the amount of anti-nutritional substances). Clinical evaluation of dairy cows’ health and feed intake showed no negative effect of the bean supplementations. Energy, nitrogen and mineral metabolisms were not impaired either. No significant differences were found between groups in milk performance (daily milk yield, protein and lactose production) during the study. On the basis of these results, the bean can be used in 20% in the milking concentrate of dairy cattle. Health risks associated with anti-nutritional content of the native bean are not significant for high-producing dairy cattle.

Influence of Genetic Merit on 305-day Milk Production of Dairy Cattle on Commercial Farms at Three Levels of Feeding

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
H.C.F. Wicks ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Different Levels

The objective was to estimate the influence of genetic merit on milk production at different levels of concentrate feeding. The presence of an interaction between genetic merit and level of feeding would mean that cows with a high potential for milk production are unable to express their potential under all conditions. Oldham and Simm, (1998) showed there was a significant interaction between level of concentrate feeding and PTAf+p under experimental conditions, and that the milk yield response to genetic merit increased with increased concentrate feeding. The current work estimated the value of genetic merit (PIN95 and PTAf+p) on 305-day milk production traits of dairy cattle on commercial farms, where farms were categorised by the level of concentrate (Cg) fed.

The bovine PPARGC1A gene: molecular characterization and association of an SNP with variation of milk fat synthesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Weikard ◽  
Christa Kühn ◽  
Tom Goldammer ◽  
Gertraude Freyer ◽  
Manfred Schwerin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Functional Candidate Gene ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Several studies in a variety of breeds have reported at least two QTL for milk production traits, including milk fat synthesis on bovine chromosome 6 (BTA6), comprising a region that comparatively has been mapped to equivalent syntenic chromosome intervals in human, pig, and mouse harboring loci associated with type II diabetes and obesity-related traits. We identified the bovine peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α gene (PPARGC1A) as a plausible positional and functional candidate gene for a previously described QTL for milk fat yield on BTA6 because of its chromosomal position and its key role in energy, fat, and glucose metabolism. To analyze the role of the bovine PPARGC1A gene in regulation of milk fat synthesis in dairy cattle, we determined its cDNA sequence, genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern. The bovine PPARGC1A gene is organized in 13 exons comprising 6,261 bp and is expressed at different levels in a large number of tissues. Bovine PPARGC1A cDNA and protein sequences showed substantial similarity (92–95%) to its respective orthologs from human, rat, and mouse. Screening for polymorphisms in the coding sequence, exon/intron boundaries, 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions, and promoter region of the PPARGC1A gene in sires with a different genotype at the QTL for milk fat yield as well as in a multibreed panel revealed a total of 11 polymorphic loci. A significant association between an SNP in intron 9 of the PPARGC1A gene and milk fat yield was observed in a major dairy cattle population, indicating that the PPARGC1A gene could be involved in genetic variation underlying the QTL for milk fat synthesis on BTA6.

A differentiated approach to the dental caries prevention in children with different levels of caries risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
T. N. Tserakhava ◽  
N. V. Shakavets ◽  
E. I. Melnikava ◽  
M. I. Klenovskaya ◽  
D. N. Naumovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Health Group ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
First Permanent Molars

Relevance. Prevention of caries of the first permanent molars is one of the most relevant problems in pediatricdentistry.Purpose – to develop an algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with differentlevels of caries risk.Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the implementation of the algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with different levels of caries risk. This algorithm includes a comprehensive assessment of the values of indices dmft, DMFT, OHI-S, and the patient's health group is also taken into account. The study involved 253 children aged 6-7 years divided into 4 groups: 3 groups of children depending on the health group and the control group. 3 subgroups were identified in each group – with a low, medium, and high caries risk. We developed preventive measures schemes were for children of each group including training in oral hygiene; controlled and home toothbrushing using fluoride-containing toothpastes; applications of varnishes containing fluoride, calcium, phosphates from 2 to 3 times a year; fissure sealing of the first permanent molars. We carried out these activities were for 24 months, and then evaluated theirs effectiveness. Children in the control group were trained in oral hygiene. The clinical effectiveness of medical prophylaxis was evaluated by changes in the above clinical indicators.Results. In group of children with medium caries risk the increase in caries was 0.09, and the reduction in caries was 89.65%. In children with a low and high caries risk no increase in caries was observed; the reduction in the intensity of caries was 100%. A significant decrease in OHI-S oral hygiene index values was noted in all groups (p < 0.05). We noted high preventive efficacy of fissures sealing in the first permanent molars. No occlusal surface caries developed in sealed fissures.Conclusions. The application of the proposed preventive schemes in patients demonstrates high efficacy of fluoride and calcium-containing varnishes and sealing the fissures of the first permanent molars. 

scholarly journals Effect of BioPlus YC Probiotic Supplementation on Gut Microbiota, Production Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality of Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Artur Rybarczyk ◽  
Elżbieta Bogusławska-Wąs ◽  
Alicja Dłubała
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of probiotic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on microbiological properties of feed mixtures and on the digestive tract content as applicable to production traits and carcass characteristics of fatteners. The experiment was performed on 83,838 fatteners from four successive (insertions) productions in two groups. From the seventy eighth day of age till marketing to the slaughter plant, the pigs were supplied with BioPlus YC probiotic (Chr. Hansen) in the amount of 400 g/t. The preparation contained a complex of probiotic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis DSM 5749, and Bacillus subtilis DSM 5750 spores in a 1:1 ratio. From the fourth insertion, after reaching a body weight of approximately 112 kg, 60 fatteners were selected from each group to measure carcass quality and half of them for meat quality evaluation. Moreover, microbiological analyses in feed and colon were performed. The study showed that BioPlus YC probiotics supplementation resulted in a significantly higher count of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis in the feed, a higher count of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and LAB, as well as a lower count of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Clostridium and Bacillus sp. in the mucosa and in the colorectal content of the test pigs. Our work has shown that supplementation with the BioPlus YC probiotic had a positive effect on the production traits of pigs mainly by reducing mortality (2.83%, p = 0.010), lowering feed conversion ratio—FCR (2.59 kg/kg, p = 0.013), better average daily gain—ADG (0.95 kg/day, p = 0.002) and shorter fattening period (77.25 days, p = 0.019) when compared to the control group (4.19%; 2.79 kg/kg; 0.89 kg/day; 92.8 days, respectively). The addition of the specific Bacillus bacteria did not influence carcass and meat characteristics of the test fatteners.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Levels of Supervision on the Recovery of Severely Malnourished Children Treated by Community Health Workers in Mali

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Pilar Charle-Cuéllar ◽  
Noemí López-Ejeda ◽  
Mamadou Traore ◽  
Adama Balla Coulibaly ◽  
Aly Landouré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Supportive Supervision ◽  
Supervision Group ◽  
Different Levels

(1) Background: The Ministry of Health in Mali included the treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) into the package of activities of the integrated community case management (iCCM). This paper evaluates the most effective model of supervision for treating SAM using community health workers (CHWs). Methods (2): This study was a prospective non-randomized community intervention trial with two intervention groups and one control group with different levels of supervision. It was conducted in three districts in rural areas of the Kayes Region. In the high supervision group, CHWs received supportive supervision for the iCCM package and nutrition-specific supervision. In the light supervision group, CHWs received supportive supervision based on the iCCM package. The control group had no specific supervision. (3) Results: A total of 6112 children aged 6–59 months with SAM without medical complications were included in the study. The proportion of cured children was 81.4% in those treated by CHWs in the high supervision group, 86.2% in the light supervision group, and 66.9% in the control group. Children treated by the CHWs who received some supervision had better outcomes than those treated by unsupervised CHWs (p < 0.001). There was no difference between areas with light and high supervision, although those with high supervision performed better in most of the tasks analyzed. (4) Conclusions: Public policies in low-income countries should be adapted, and their model of supervision of CHWs for SAM treatment in the community should be evaluated.

Time-Dependent Changes in Excitability After One-Trial Conditioning of Hermissenda

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 3460-3464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Crow ◽  
Vilma Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type B ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Phototactic Behavior ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Levels

Crow, Terry and Vilma Siddiqi. Time-dependent changes in excitability after one-trial conditioning of Hermissenda. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3460–3464, 1997. The visual system of Hermissenda has been studied extensively as a site of cellular plasticity produced by classical conditioning. A one-trial conditioning procedure consisting of light paired with the application of serotonin (5-HT) to the exposed, but otherwise intact, nervous system produces suppression of phototactic behavior tested 24 h after conditioning. Short- and long-term enhancement (STE and LTE) of excitability in identified type B photoreceptors is a cellular correlate of one-trial conditioning. LTE can be expressed in the absence of STE suggesting that STE and LTE may be parallel processes. To examine the development of enhancement, we studied its time-dependent alterations after one-trial conditioning. Intracellular recordings from identified type B photoreceptors of independent groups collected at different times after conditioning revealed that enhanced excitability follows a biphasic pattern in its development. The analysis of spikes elicited by 2 and 30 s extrinsic current pulses at different levels of depolarization showed that enhancement reached a peak 3 h after conditioning. From its peak, excitability decreased toward baseline control levels 5–6 h after conditioning followed by an increase to a stable plateau at 16 to 24 h postconditioning. Excitability changes measured in cells from unpaired control groups showed maximal changes 1 h posttreatment that rapidly decremented within 2 h. The conditioned stimulus (CS) elicited significantly more spikes 24 h postconditioning for the conditioned group as compared with the unpaired control group. The analysis of the time-dependent development of enhancement may reveal the processes underlying different stages of memory for this associative experience.

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