scholarly journals Dietary non-pharmacological alternatives to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in swine

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
G. Biagi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Decision Alternative ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

The first weeks after weaning are a critical stage for piglets characterized by high incidence of diarrhoea and low weight gain. These problems were counteracted with the use of antibiotic growth promoters that may as a side-effect induce the selection of antibiotic-resistant genes in animal and human pathogens. For this reason, the European Union decided to completely ban the antibiotics used as growth promoters as of January 2006. As a consequence of this decision, alternative strategies to modulate the piglet gastrointestinal environment have been the object of many studies. The use of non-pharmaceutical dietary supplements, such as organic acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and essential oils has been shown to improve piglet post-weaning health and growth performances but results are sometimes controversial. Moreover, the role of molecules that can influence gastrointestinal and immune development in the newly weaned piglet has been investigated. The proper choice and use of a non-pharmacological dietary supplement might improve piglet productivity but it has to be considered that dietary supplements usually increase the feed price, which means that the gains in productivity should exceed the increased costs.

scholarly journals Alteration of the Ileal Microbiota of Weanling Piglets by the Growth-Promoting Antibiotic Chlortetracycline

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (17) ◽  
pp. 5489-5495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rettedal ◽  
S�bastien Vilain ◽  
Stacy Lindblom ◽  
Kelly Lehnert ◽  
Clay Scofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

ABSTRACT Antibiotics such as chlortetracycline (CTC) have been used to promote growth of pigs for decades, but concerns over increased antibiotic-resistant infections in humans have prompted the development of alternative strategies. Developing alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) could be informed by information on the mechanisms of growth promotion, notably, how AGPs affect the microbial populations of the gastrointestinal tract. Pigs from three sows were aseptically delivered by cesarean section. Six piglets were distributed to each of two foster mothers until weaning, when piglets were fed a diet with or without 50 mg/kg CTC for 2 weeks. The ileal bacterial microbiota was characterized by using a cultivation-independent approach based on DNA extraction, PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene pool. The ileal and mucosal communities of these growing pigs were dominated by Lactobacillus bacteria, various members of the family Clostridiaceae, and members of the poorly known genus Turicibacter. Overall, CTC treatment resulted in three shifts: a decrease in L actobacillus johnsonii, an increase in L. amylovorus, and a decrease in Turicibacter phylotypes. The composition of the microbiota varied considerably between individual pigs, as revealed by shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and similarity (SONS) analysis (θYC values). While the observed variation between untreated pigs obscured the possible effect of CTC, ∫-LIBSHUFF and SONS analyses of pooled libraries indicated a significant shift due to CTC in both the lumen and the mucosa, with some OTUs unique to either treated or control ileum. DOTUR analysis revealed little overlap between control and treated communities at the 3% difference level, indicating unique ileal communities in the presence of CTC.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Bacillus: Metabolites and Their Mode of Action

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Charlie Tran ◽  
Ian E. Cock ◽  
Xiaojing Chen ◽  
Yunjiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

The agricultural industry utilizes antibiotic growth promoters to promote livestock growth and health. However, the World Health Organization has raised concerns over the ongoing spread of antibiotic resistance transmission in the populace, leading to its subsequent ban in several countries, especially in the European Union. These restrictions have translated into an increase in pathogenic outbreaks in the agricultural industry, highlighting the need for an economically viable, non-toxic, and renewable alternative to antibiotics in livestock. Probiotics inhibit pathogen growth, promote a beneficial microbiota, regulate the immune response of its host, enhance feed conversion to nutrients, and form biofilms that block further infection. Commonly used lactic acid bacteria probiotics are vulnerable to the harsh conditions of the upper gastrointestinal system, leading to novel research using spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus. However, the exact mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics remain unexplored. This review tackles this issue, by reporting antimicrobial compounds produced from Bacillus strains, their proposed mechanisms of action, and any gaps in the mechanism studies of these compounds. Lastly, this paper explores omics approaches to clarify the mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics.

scholarly journals Effect of a bovine colostrum supplementation in piglet diet at weaning on growth performances, food ingestion and faecal E. coli concentrations

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
C. Boudry ◽  
I. Didderen ◽  
J. Wavreille ◽  
D. Portetelle ◽  
J-P Dehoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Availability ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Growth Promoting

In the perspective of the complete ban of antibiotic growth promoters use in animal food by 2006, many alternatives have been studied. However, most of them are not yet technically and/or economically competitive with antibiotics. In this way, the incorporation of bovine colostrum in piglet diets has been studied. Bovine colostrum was chosen for its high concentration in growth promoting and anti-microbial peptides (Playford et al., 2000) and for its high availability. The aims of this study were to measure the efficiency of a bovine colostrum supplementation on growth performances of newly weaned piglets and to evaluate its effects on the digestive and immunological troubles involved by weaning (Pluske et al., 1997 and Vega-Lopez et al., 1995).

Phage-mediated dissemination of virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria facilitated by antibiotic growth promoters in animals: a perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Migma Dorji Tamang ◽  
Hoon Sunwoo ◽  
Byeonghwa Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The World ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

AbstractAddition of sub-therapeutic antibiotics to the feed of food-producing animals for growth promotion and disease prevention has become a common agricultural practice in many countries. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a looming concern associated with the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) around the world. In addition, some studies have shown that AGPs may not only affect antibiotic resistance but may also stimulate the dissemination of virulence factors via bacteriophages. Although only a few studies are currently available in the literature regarding this topic, in this article we endeavor to provide a perspective about how AGPs would impact the transmission of virulence factors by horizontal gene transfer via phages in a few pathogenic bacterial species significant to livestock production.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary D. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

AbstractAntibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause disease in man is an issue of major concern. Although misuse of antibiotics in human medicine is the principal cause of the problem, antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating in animals are contributory factors, with some types of resistance in some species of bacteria. Antibiotics are added to animal feeds to treat and prevent infections and to improve growth and production. Until recently, the major concerns about incorporation of antibiotics in animal feeds related to antibiotic residues in products from treated animals. Although, in 1969, the Swann (1969) report drew attention to the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria to spread from treated animals via the food chain, there was little response until the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in animals fed a related glycopeptide, avoparcin. Subsequently, attention started to focus on the issue and other examples of transfer of resistant bacteria through the food chain, such as enterococci resistant to quinupristin–dalfopristin or to everninomicin, fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacters and multiresistantEscherichia coli, and salmonella such asSalmonella typhimuriumDT104. Reviews and committees in many countries have highlighted the need for better control of licensing of antibiotics, and codes for prudent use of antibiotics by veterinary practitioners and farmers. The continued use of antibiotic growth promoters has been questioned and there is a need to ensure that antibiotics important in human medicine are not used therapeutically or prophylactically in animals.

Antibiotic Residues in Chicken Meat: Global Prevalence, Threats, and Decontamination Strategies: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHURRAM MUAZ ◽  
MUHAMMAD RIAZ ◽  
SAEED AKHTAR ◽  
SUNGKWON PARK ◽  
AMIR ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Meat

ABSTRACT Poultry production is among the most rapidly growing industries around the globe, and poultry is one of the major sources of meat. Poultry farmers use disease preventive and growth promoter antibiotics for faster growth of chickens in the shortest possible time to increase the rate of feed assimilation and to lower the incidence of mortality caused by a pathogen attack. Antibiotics may result in dysfunctionality of beneficial gut microbiota and increase resistance among microbial pathogens in poultry. Residues of these antibiotics in poultry meat have been determined in many of the studies globally and are considered one of the possible causes of antibacterial resistance in human pathogens. The presence of residues of antibiotics in poultry meat and meat products beyond maximum permissible limits is a matter of serious concern. Heat treatments can reduce the risk of some sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones but do not guarantee the complete elimination or degradation of these antibiotic residues present in broiler meat. Some of the developed countries, including Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and the European Union have already prohibited the application of antibiotics for preventive, as well as growth-promoting purposes. Training farmers to monitor withdrawal periods, banning the use of antibiotics as growth promoters, and adopting the veterinary feed directive of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are important parameters to mitigate the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria related to poultry production.

scholarly journals Potassium Diformate : A New Alternative To Antibiotic Growth Promoters

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chowdhury ◽  
MN Haque ◽  
KMS Islam ◽  
MJ Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promoter ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Growth Promoting

Potassium diformate (Formi) is odorless, low-corrosive and easy to handle. The European Union (EU) has approved it as non-antibiotic growth promoter, for use in non ruminant feeds. Maximum inclusion level of potassium diformate is 1.8% as registered by the European authorities which can improve weight gain up to 14%. Potassium diformate contains the active ingredients free formic acid as well as formate has the strong anti microbial effect in stomach and also in duodenum. Potassium diformate with its growth promoting and health enhancing effect has proven to be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Its special effect on the micro flora is regarded as the main mode of action. 1.8% potassium diformate in growing pig diets also significantly increase Feed intake and feed conversion ratio was significantly improved where growing pig diets was supplemented with 1.8% potassium diformate. It was also reduced pH in the stomach and duodenum. potassium diformate 0.9% significantly reduced the pH of duodenal digesta. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9887 BJAS 2008; 37(2): 99-105

Effect of medicinal plants and organic acid on growth performance of Ross broilers

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
H Ziaie ◽  
M A Karimi Torshizi ◽  
M Bashtani ◽  
H Farhangfar ◽  
P Rowlinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Alternative Antibiotic

The prophylactic use of antibiotic (as growth promoters) in animal feeds has made intensive farming possible and improved feed conversion. In the presence of low levels of an antibiotic, resistant cells survive and grow which produces an antibiotic-resistant population. Consequently, the use of antibiotic for broilers has been limited. Therefore, a number of studies on alternative products that can aid promotion of growth, improved feed utilization, and maintenance of gut health have taken placed (Hernandez et al, 2004). Herbs and organic acid have received an increased attention as an alternative to antibiotics (Craig, 1999; Ricke, 2003). The main aim of the present research was to evaluate the efficiency of alternative antibiotic growth promoters on Ross broiler performance.

The Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Dietary Potassium Diformate

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1565-1568
Author(s):  
Dao Hua Sun ◽  
Wen Shuang Lin ◽  
Fen Fen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Critical Relative Humidity ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Potassium diformate, a novel dietary additive, has been firstly authorized by the European Union as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The moisture sorption characteristics of potassium diformate were measured by the means of the static gravimetric method. The results indicated that the moisture sorption velocity of potassium diformate is linearly dependent on the relative humidity at 30 °C during the first 12 h. Moreover, the equilibrium moisture content was significantly influenced by relative humidity. The critical relative humidity of potassium diformate is 46.2%. Study on moisture sorption characteristics of potassium diformate will provide the reference to choose operating conditions of preparation and post-processing.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Abdul Khalique ◽  
Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

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