scholarly journals Histochemical characteristic of biceps femoris of Rhode Island Red and Greenleg Partridge hens

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Poltowicz ◽  
Dorota Wojtysiak ◽  
Piotr Pasciak ◽  
Stanislav Weiyk ◽  
Branislav Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Histochemical Investigation ◽  
White Fibre ◽  
Histochemical Characteristic

On one hundred and seventy four hens of two different breeds (Rhode Island Red and Greenleg Partridge) histochemical investigation of the m. biceps femoris were done. The histochemical results from this experiment have shown that genotype affected the percentage of the muscle fibres. The significantly higher percentage of red fibre, and a lower percentage of white fibre together with higher body weight in Rl 1 genotype can suggest an effect of higher mobile activity of Rl 1 on their muscle physiology. The size of red and white fibres did not show any statistically significant differences between both examined groups.

scholarly journals Comparison of physical and qualitative traits of meat of two Polish conservative flocks of ducks

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kisiel ◽  
J. M. Książkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Biceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
L Value ◽  
Femoris Muscle

Abstract. In two Polish conservative flocks of Miniduck (K2) and Pekin (P33), registered by FAO as domestic genetic resources (World Watch List, 2000) the mean values of physical (tissue components) and qualitative traits of meat (pH15, pH24, colour of meat) were determined. The experimental flocks showed significant variations in body weight at 7 weeks of age (1540 vs 2088 in drakes and 1395 vs 1986 g in ducks), in the proportion of breast and leg muscles and skin with subcutaneous fat in eviscerated carcass. K2 ducks are characterized by outstanding musculature of breast and P33 ducks by that of lower leg and by low fatness. pH15 values of breast and leg muscles in K2 and P33 birds were greater than pH24 of these muscles. In both flocks pH15 values of 6.09 to 6.33 and pH24 values of 5.90 to 6.05 in breast muscles were lower than in leg muscles (6.33 to 6.46 and 6.12 to 6.37, respectively). A significantly lower L* value (darker colour) of breast muscle was characteristic of K2 birds (43.7 in males and 40.5 in females) compared to P33 males and females. Furthermore, breast muscles of K2 drakes and ducks had significantly higher redness (a*) and yellowness values (b*) than P33. In pectoralis superficialis muscle of K2 and P33 females, a significantly lower diameter was found for white muscle fibres (αW) (30.0 to 30.5 μm) and for red muscle fibres (βR) (16.9 to 17.6 μm) than in biceps femoris muscle (αW from 48.3 to 54.2; βR from 36.0 to 37.1 μm). Muscle fibres of K2 compared to P33 ducks were characterized by significantly greater diameters of βR muscle fibre in pectoralis superficialis muscle, and by lower αW and βR fibre diameters in biceps femoris muscle. The experiment showed that meat of ducks from the conservative flocks studied is valuable from the consumer’s point of view.

scholarly journals Neuromuscular Control of the Knee during a Resisted Single-Limb Squat Exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1520-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Shields ◽  
Sangeetha Madhavan ◽  
Emy Gregg ◽  
Jennifer Leitch ◽  
Ben Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Background Closed kinetic chain exercises such as single-limb squats are preferred for knee rehabilitation. A complete understanding of the neuromuscular control of the knee during the single-limb squat is essential to increase the efficiency of rehabilitation programs. Hypothesis Performing a controlled single-limb squat with resistance to knee flexion and extension will increase the coactivation of the hamstring muscle group, thus reducing the quadriceps/hamstrings ratio. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods A total of 15 healthy human subjects (7 women, 8 men) performed controlled single-limb squats in a custom mechanical device that provided resistance to both flexion and extension. Subjects performed the task at 3 levels of resistance, set as a percentage of body weight. Surface electromyographic recordings from 7 muscles (gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and medial gastrocnemius) were collected during the task. Results Biceps femoris activity during knee flexion increased from approximately 12% maximum voluntary isometric contractions during low resistance (0% body weight) to approximately 27% maximum voluntary isometric contractions during high resistance (8% body weight). Although the quadriceps had greater activity than the hamstrings at all levels of resistance, the quadriceps/hamstrings ratio declined significantly with resistance (F2,27 = 29.05; P=. 012) from 3.0 at low resistance to 2.32 at the highest resistance. Conclusions Performing controlled resisted single-limb squats may help to simultaneously strengthen the quadriceps and facilitate coactivation of the hamstrings, thus reducing anterior tibial shear forces. The coactivation may also increase the dynamic control of the knee joint. Clinical Relevance The typical single-limb squat exercise performed in the clinic does not usually control for bidirectional resistance and knee joint excursion. As seen in this study, controlled single-limb squats at increased levels of resistance help to increase the coactivation of the hamstring muscles, which is essential to optimize neuromuscular control of the knee.

A survey of the new findings presented and the discussions arising during sessions I, II and lII

1973 ◽  
Vol 265 (867) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Separate Identity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres ◽  
Passive Electrical Properties

One of the earliest studies on the physiology of smooth muscle was that reported by Engelmann over 100 years ago. In setting the stage for this discussion on new developments in smooth muscle physiology, Professor Bozler recalled Engelmann’s description of the ureter as a ‘giant hollow muscle fibre’. Recent work on the passive electrical properties of smooth muscle has shown that Engelmann’s concept of the syncytial behaviour of smooth muscle is true for a great many smooth muscles - perhaps for all vertebrate smooth muscles. When smooth muscle cells come into contact they interact with each other so as to form a tissue. In this sense, a community of smooth muscle cells is analogous with the liver, epithelial tissues and the heart. One can contrast this ‘collective’ behaviour of smooth muscle cells with the separate identity maintained by most nerve cells and skeletal muscle fibres.

Influence of Body Weight on Chronic Oral DDT Toxicity in Coho Salmon

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Buhler ◽  
W. E. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Primary Effect ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Direct Function

Median Survival Time was directly proportional to body weight in young coho salmon of the same age that were fed a diet containing technical DDT. Supplementation by additional feeding with DDT-free diet prolonged the lifespan of these fish but the Median Survival Time remained a direct function of body weight.The primary effect of body size on lethality was to control the rate of DDT intake by the fish. The smallest fish consumed the greatest amounts of diet and, consequently, these fish received the highest milligram per kilogram doses of DDT.In addition, however, the smaller salmon succumbed to a lower milligram per kilogram cumulative lethal dose than did the larger fish, perhaps because the smallest fish contained a lower percentage of lipid and thus failed to provide for adequate storage detoxification of the DDT.

scholarly journals Genetical studies on growth and form in the fowl 1. Phenotypic variation in the relative growth pattern of shank length and body-weight

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Cock
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Ontogenetic Allometry ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Limits Of Error ◽  
Static Allometry

Body-weight and shank length from 2 weeks of age to adult (and from 8 weeks onwards, shank width) have been measured on 154 fowls all hatched on the same date, belonging to two F1 breed crosses: White Leghorn × Rhode Island Red (L × R) and Indian Game × Light Sussex (G × S). After logarithmic transformation the data have first been analysed cross-sectionally (analysis of the age-means for each sex and cross). A longitudinal analysis (fitting a regression line to the data of each individual) has then been made of the approximately linear portions of the curves. The following conclusions are drawn.(1) Growth in shank length relative to body-weight between 2 and 10 weeks conforms closely to simple allometry. The coefficient of ontogenetic allometry (heter-auxesis), k, is approximately 0·4, being 0·02 higher in L × R than in G × S and 0·05 higher in males than in females. In females k declines (eventually to zero) after 10 weeks; the decline occurs about 4 weeks later in males. For shank width relative to body-weight k is about 0·25.(2) At a given body-weight males have longer and thicker shanks than females; L × R have longer but thinner shanks than G × S.(3) Within sexes and crosses there is highly significant individual variation in k, but the allometry lines do not pass, within the limits of error, through any single point. This implies that variation in relative shank length is complex in its ontogenetic origin.(4) There is no appreciable correlation within sexes and crosses between shank width and shank length at a given body-weight; this implies (as does (2)) that variation is also complex anatomically.(5) Differences in shape and rate-of-change of shape contribute only a small part of the total variation within sexes and crosses; most is due to differences in general size and general growth rate.(6) Shank width at a given body-weight is positively correlated with body-weight at a given age (r = + 0·36 within sexes and crosses). This agrees with the finding that the coefficient of static allometry (allomorphosis) for shank width is much higher than the ontogenetic coefficient. For shank length the ontogenetic and static coefficients are approximately the same.

Histology of allometric growth in hindlimb muscles of pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
H. J. Swatland
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Longitudinal Growth ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles

SUMMARYHindlimbs of pigs were dissected at 4-week intervals from 9 to 29 weeks after birth. Allometric growth ratios of the gluteal muscles, biceps femoris and semitendinosus were calculated relative to gastrocnemius. Relative growth in weight of the proximal limb muscles was greater than that of the distal muscle, gastrocnemius. The greater relative growth of proximal muscles was not due to greater relative growth of muscle fibre diameters, nor to greater relative growth of muscle cross-sectional areas. In biceps femoris and gluteal muscles, growth in the area of musole cross sections did not keep pace with the radial growth of muscle fibres. The relative longitudinal growth of proximal limb bones exceeded that of distal bones, and the relative longitudinal growth of biceps femoris and semitendinosus exceeded that of any of the limb bones. New sarcomeres were added to muscle length at a faster rate in biceps femoris and semitendinosus than in the peroneus longus located distally in the limb.

scholarly journals Meat quality of poulards obtained from three conserved breeds of hens

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Obrzut ◽  
Józefa Krawczyk ◽  
Jolanta Calik ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
Mariusz Pietras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of genotype (breed/line) and spaying of pullets on body weight, estradiol level, carcass and meat quality. Subjects were Rhode Island Red (R-11), Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33) and Sussex hens (S-66), 100 birds per line, which were divided into 2 groups, each having 50 pullets and 50 poulards. Spaying was performed at 10 wk of age, under local anesthesia by a veterinarian. The present study showed that blood estradiol levels in poulards were much lower than in pullets regardless of genotype. Poulards showed higher body weight and their carcasses higher lightness and yellowness. In the sensory evaluation, poulard breast meat was more tasty and leg meat also more juicy and tender compared to pullet meat. Among the three conserved breeds, Rhode Island Red (R-11) and Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33) hens are the best starting material for poulard production. Their carcasses showed good muscling and intense yellowness desirable to the consumers. R-11 birds achieved highest body weight. Spaying of pullets had no significant effect on the profile of fatty acids, but greater and statistically significant differences in this regard were found between hen lines. Compared to S-66 birds, breast muscles of R-11 and Ż-33 birds contained more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The breast and leg muscles of these birds had a lower content of saturated fatty acids (SFA ).

Relation between body size and muscle fibre diameter in the newborn lamb

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscle Fibre Size ◽  
Fibre Size ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Positive Correlations

1. An investigation is reported in which the relationship was examined between body size and muscle fibre size of nineteen newborn lambs and including twelve males and seven females. Body size was measured in terms of the dead body weight and that of the dressed carcass, while muscle fibre size was estimated on the basis of the mean crossdiameter of 150 fibres per lamb.2. It was shown that the dressing (or carcass) percentage tends to increase with an increase in body weight, from 42·26% at a body weight of 2000 g. to 49·04% at 7000 g.3. Of the 2850 cross-diameters recorded, the majority (33·8%) of the fibres measured between 8·0 and 9·6 μ, while individual fibres varied in size from 1·6 to 22·4 μ.4. Highly significant, positive correlations were shown to exist between both body (r = 0·996) and carcass (r = 0·946) weight, and mean muscle fibre diameter, indicating that differences in size between the lambs may be accounted for largely by corresponding variations in the size of individual muscle fibres.5. Of the three muscles sampled m. gastrocnemius had the largest mean fibre diameter (10·38μ), followed in decreasing order by m. rectus femoris (9·72 μ) and m. longissimus dorsi (9·09 μ). These inter-muscle differences were significant at the 1% level of probability.6. Ram lambs had significantly thicker muscle fibres (10·32 μ) than ewe lambs (8·72 μ), but also weighed the heavier and produced heavier dressed carcasses. Some evidence was produced, however, in support of the theory that at comparable weights males possess thinner individual, and therefore a greater number of fibres than females.

scholarly journals The Effects of Triacylglycerol Structures on the Food Intake and Body Weight of Mice in a High-Fat Diet Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1216-1216
Author(s):  
Xinge Hu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat

Abstract Objectives The dietary fat content plays an important role in the regulation of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, we tested the impacts of triacylglycerol structure on the body weight gain and food intake of mice in a high-fat diet (HFD) setting. Methods Male C57/BL6J mice at 6 weeks old were fed one of the following three diets for 6 weeks, Teklad Rodent Diet chow diet (number 8640), the chow diet containing 36% (w/w) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-oleoylglycerol (PPO), or the chow diet containing 36% (w/w) 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (POP). Each group contained 9 mice, and their food intake and BW were measured daily. The mice were euthanized after 6 weeks (12 weeks old) for tissue sample collection. Results Both high HFD groups had significantly higher BW gain and caloric intakes than the chow diet group. Mice fed the POP diet had a lower percentage of BW gain and consumed less accumulated calories than those fed the PPO diet, as well as a significantly lower liver to BW ratio. Since week 4, the body BW rate of the POP group started to be lower than that of the PPO diet group. Conclusions TAG structures in an HFD setting affect the BW gain rate and obesity in mice. The different structures of fat added to affect the food intake and BW gain differently in an HFD setting. In the future, we would like to compare the changes of the hepatic lipogenesis enzyme in these mice. This will help us to understand how the triacylglycerol structures in the diet affect lipid metabolism in mice. Funding Sources Internal.

scholarly journals Auto-sexing potential and growth performance in Rhode Island, Nigerian local chickens and their reciprocal crosses

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Jubril ◽  
T. R. Fayeye ◽  
A. A. Ademola ◽  
H. H. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Plumage Colour ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Colour Inheritance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Local Chickens

This study was conducted to determine auto-sexing potential in Rhode Island, Nigerian local chicken and their reciprocal crosses. A total of 241 eggs were set in the incubator to determine the fertility, hatchability, % Hatch, % dead in shell, % dead in cell and % deformed chicks in the four genotypes (Rhode Island Red (RIR) x Rhode Island White (RIW), Rhode Island Red (RIR) x Rhode Island White (RIW), Nigerian Local Red (NLR) x Rhode Island White (RIW) and Nigerian Local Red (NLR) x Nigerian Local White (NLW). Only 94 eggs were hatched. RIRXRIW crossbred chicks had the highest percentage fertility of 88.89% followed by RIRxRIW (86.27%), NLRXRIW (77.36%) and NLRxNLW (72.31%), respectively. RIRxNLW had the highest percentage hatchability of 65.19%, followed by RIRxRIW (51.56%), NLRxNLW (51.06%) and NLRxRIW (24.39%). It was observed in the hatch-out analysis that the cross between NLRxRIW had the highest percentage of dead in shell (29.27%) followed by RIRxRIW (17.19%), NLRxNLW (17.02%) and RIRxNLW (11.36%), respectively. The highest percentage of dead in cell was recorded in NLRxRIW crossbred (43.33%), followed by NLRxNLW (31.92%), RIRxRIW (28.13%) and RIRxNLW (15.91%). The observed deformed chicks were highest in NLRxNLW (20.85%) followed by RIRxNLW (10.34%), RIRxRIW (6.06%) and NLRxNLW (0%), respectively. Also observed was the occurrence of bangers with NLRxRIW, having the highest occurrence of bangers (9.08%) and with NLRxNLW having no occurrence of bangers. The records of weekly body weight were taken on the 94 chicks and chi square analysis was used to test colour inheritance of chicks. Significant (P<0.05) difference was observed among genotypes in body weight of chicks at hatch and from weeks 1 to 8 weeks of age. The observed changes on body weight from 0 to 8th week of age of chicks showed significant difference across the four different genetic crossed groups (P<0.05) and weight at the 8th week showed that the cross between RIRxRIW (216.93g) had better in growth as compared to the cross between NLRxRIW (202.75g) and NLRxNLW (193.17g) which were statistically similar (P>0.05) and RIRxNLW (179.75g) crossbred chicks which had the lowest bodyweight at 8 weeks of age. The chi square (X2) analysis revealed that both RIRxRIW and NLRxRIW crossbred chicks were autosexed. The study concluded that selection for plumage colour showed great potential in determining the probability of chicks being autosexed. Also, pure bred of RIRXRIW and reciprocal cross of NLRXRIW showed great potential of producing autosexed chicks, while results on the direct crosses of NLRXNLW and RIRXNLW suggest that the pattern of inheritance of plumage colour is not simple. The study recommends further investigation to further ascertain the mode of plumage colour inheritance in the Nigerian Local Chickens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document