scholarly journals Influence of the variation of the reproduction cycle period of sows on economical efficiency of piglet production

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Gordana Vukelic ◽  
Milica Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Reproduction Cycle ◽  
Economical Efficiency ◽  
Good Production ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, economic efficiency of the piglet production depending on the total annual cost of sow keeping varying per reproduction cycle was investigated. Investigation refers to the determination of the cost of feeding day per live born and reared piglet in conditions of different duration of nonreproductive period in reproduction cycle. Economical efficiency includes good production technology with production result - piglet that enables profit.

Technical and Economical Efficiency for Application of Nanomodified High-Strength Lightweight Concretes

2014 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Sergeevich Inozemtcev ◽  
Evgeniy Valerjevich Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Economical Efficiency ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
New Material ◽  
Proper Estimation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Adequate Data

The development of construction technologies is impossible without the proper estimation of economical efficiency. Some results of technical and economical efficiency of the developed high-strength structural lightweight concretes are presented in the article. Overview concerning world practice of research and application of lightweight concrete composition are made. The main properties and advantages of developed energy efficient high-strength lightweight concretes are described. The method of calculation of economic efficiency of concrete by means of reduction of total construction weight and increasing of floors’ number is proposed. Dependence between efficiency, footprint of building and number of floors is presented. It is shown that economical calculation for developed material which is based only on the cost of the material itself does not allow to obtain adequate data concerning prospect and competitiveness of the material. The authors offer method of calculating the economic efficiency of the developed high-strength lightweight concrete which takes into account the technical properties of the new material. The results of the study showed that the application of high-strength lightweight concrete is more effective than traditional kinds of the concretes.

Estimation of the cost of MS in Europe: Extrapolations from a multinational cost study

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1054-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sobocki ◽  
M. Pugliatti ◽  
K. Lauer ◽  
G. Kobelt
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
The Cost

The present study aims at estimating the total cost of MS in Europe based on actual cost data from nine countries and published epidemiological evidence. The epidemiological data are reported as 12 months prevalence estimates and cost data calculated as annual cost per patient at given levels of disease severity. Cost data are extrapolated to the rest of Europe based on a model, using economic indexes adjusting for price level differences in different sectors between countries. The aggregated annual cost estimates are presented in Euro for 2005. In 28 European countries with a population of 466 million, an estimated 380 000 individuals are affected by MS. The total annual cost of MS in Europe is estimated at 12.5 billion in year 2005, corresponding to a cost of 27 per European inhabitant. Direct costs represent slightly more than half of the total cost (6.0 billion). Informal care is estimated at 3.2 billion, and indirect costs due to morbidity at 3.2 billion. Thus, the largest component of costs is found outside the formal health care sector. Although our model appears to predict costs reasonably well, when comparing to previous national studies not included in the estimates, there are considerable uncertainties when extrapolating cost data across countries even within Europe. These weaknesses can only be overcome by collecting primary data. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 1054—1064. http://msj.sagepub.com

scholarly journals Economic Returns Using Risk-rated Budget Analysis for Rabbiteye Blueberry in Georgia

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esendugue Greg Fonsah ◽  
Gerard Krewer ◽  
Kerry Harrison ◽  
Danny Stanaland
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cost ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Full Production ◽  
The Cost

Rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) is the most important type of blueberry grown in Georgia. This species is classified as a highbush blueberry type, but is distinctively different from highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum) in its ability to withstand high temperatures and low-organic–matter soils. However, rabbiteye blueberries, like other fruit crops, are subject to price and yield fluctuation. These volatilities depend on several factors, including the cultivar produced and sold, locality, aggregate productivity, targeted market, and timing. As a result, profit margin is hard to determine. The objective of this study was to estimate economic returns using risk-rated budget analysis for rabbiteye blueberry under Georgia conditions. The first-year establishment and maintenance cost of growing rabbiteye blueberry in Georgia was estimated at $5022.04/acre. Total harvesting and marketing cost in the second year was $719.44/acre. In the third year, total variable and fixed cost was $3487.50/acre. In the full production year (fourth year), the cost was estimated at $4671.17/acre. The compounded and recaptured establishment annual cost was $2736.11/acre. The risk-rated expected returns over total costs 63% of the time were $679.00/acre. The chances of making a profit were 77% and the base budgeted net revenue was $369.00/acre. The total budgeted cost was $0.94/lb. The estimated annual total fixed machinery cost was $698.00/acre. The total annual cost of drip irrigation was $161.15/acre.

Underresourced Hospital Infection Control and Prevention Programs: Penny Wise, Pound Foolish?

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deverick J. Anderson ◽  
Kathryn B. Kirkland ◽  
Keith S. Kaye ◽  
Paul A. Thacker ◽  
Zeina A. Kanafani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
The Cost

Objectives.To estimate the cost of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in a network of 28 community hospitals and to compare this sum to the amount budgeted for infection control programs at each institution and for the entire network.Design.We reviewed literature published since 1985 to estimate costs for specific HAIs. Using these estimates, we determined the costs attributable to specific HAIs in a network of 28 hospitals during a 1-year period (January 1 through December 31, 2004). Cost-saving models based on reductions in HAIs were calculated.Setting.Twenty-eight community hospitals in the southeastern region of the United States.Results.The weight-adjusted mean cost estimates for HAIs were $25,072 per episode of ventilator-associated pneumonia, $23,242 per nosocomial blood stream infection, $10,443 per surgical site infection, and $758 per catheter-associated urinary tract infection. The median annual cost of HAIs per hospital was $594,683 (interquartile range [IQR], $299,057-$l,287,499). The total annual cost of HAIs for the 28 hospitals was greater than $26 million. Hospitals budgeted a median of $129,000 (IQR, $92,500-$200,000) for infection control; the median annual cost of HAIs was 4.6 (IQR, 3.4-8.0) times the amount budgeted for infection control. An annual reduction in HAIs of 25% could save each hospital a median of $148,667 (IQR, $74,763-$296,861) and could save the group of hospitals more than $6.5 million.Conclusions.The economic cost of HAIs in our group of 28 study hospitals was enormous. In the modern age of infection control and patient safety, the cost-control ratio will become the key component of successful infection control programs.

scholarly journals The Cost of Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Greece: A Retrospective Analysis of 10-Year Patient Level Data “The HERCULES Study”

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Migdalis ◽  
Grigorios Rombopoulos ◽  
Magdalini Hatzikou ◽  
Christos Manes ◽  
Nikolaos Kypraios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Patient Level Data ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Cost

Objective.This study aimed to estimate the mean annual cost of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM) including complications and comorbidities in Greece.Design.A noninterventional retrospective study was based on patient level data analysis (bottom-up approach) from medical records, with at least 10-year-follow-up data.Results.The total annual cost per patient for managing diabetes in Greece was estimated at € 7,111 and was, statistically significantly, higher for patients with inadequate glycemic control (Hba1c>7%) versus patients with adequate control (Hba1c=7%) (€ 7,783 versus € 6,366, resp.;   P=0.017). This was mainly attributed to difference in CV hospitalizations between groups 14/111 versus 4/100, respectively,OR=3.46(95% CI: 1.10–10.9) for inadequately controlled patients. The largest component of cost was management of comorbidities, accounting for 48% of costs, and pharmaceutical treatment at 35.9% while only 14.9% was attributed to diabetes treatment per se. Obese men and patients with poor education are the groups with higher treatment costs.Conclusions.This is the first study to capture all cost components and the real burden of diabetes in Greece. Comorbidities were found to account for almost half of total cost, significantly higher in nonoptimally controlled diabetes patients.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF VARIATION IN THE MEASUREMENT OF SPACE CATEGORIES OF WHEAT FARMS IN SULAYMANIYAH WHEAT ON THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND ESTIMATE THE SIZE OF THE EFFICIENCY ACHIEVED OPTIMAL RESOURCES.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijib & Jbara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Third World ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Price Efficiency ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economical Efficiency ◽  
General Average ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
The Cost

The wheat crop of the most important strategic food grain crops as it's source of food for more than (35%) of the world's population, particularly in third world countries from which Iraq.. This study deals with the subject of measuring the economic efficiency of rain-fed farms wheat in the region in order to identify the most important factors affecting the level of efficiency, in addition to estimating the size of the resources generated economic efficiency overall. It was obtained preliminary data from field sources by relying on a stratified random sample of wheat farmers included (225) farm productive season (2013-2014) in the province of Sulaymaniyah. It has been measuring the Total economical efficiency in accordance to the cost function parameters . It was found that the average of the price efficiency for each of the five categories was 74%, 60%, 58%, 63%, and 68% respectively giving a general  average of 64%. In addition to that the measured economical efficiency of the five categories of the wheat cultivated farms  60%, 42%, 35%, 30%, and 47% respectively with an average of 44%. The size of the resources achieving the economical efficiency has been calculated and when subjected to comparison, it appears that there is a surplus in all the resources used.

Mekanisme Dan Proteksi Jaminan Nasabah Pada Gadai Informal

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Yuri Nanda Larasati ◽  
Jafril Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Cost

Regulation of the financial services authority (OJK) No. 31/POJK.05/2016 on Venture had arranged that the financial services agency on the basis of the law of pledge is in coaching and supervision OJK. Yet the existence of laws – invitation to Governing Enterprise pawn shops causing business activities conducted by the above parties are not yet regulated. The condition is feared could cause harm to the consumer society. The purpose of this research is to know the procedures, mechanisms, protection of goods and guarantee the consumer on an informal pledge financing, methods of determination of the cost of maintenance of the goods and the goods of the execution mechanism of the pledge as well as protection for the collateral items are viewed from the side of the consumer by looking at laws-invitations and Sharia. To find out whether the pledge have gotten permission from OJK. This research uses qualitative research methods with the study of library research, field data and simulations. The approach used in this study is the empirical juridical approach. Elaboration upon the results is discussed further in this article.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

PROMOTING THE NATURAL RESTORATION OF LIPNYAKS OF THE KASMARSKY DISTRICT FORESTRY OF THE ZIANCHURINSKY FORESTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
L.V. Mazitova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cost

The article presents the results of studying various measures to promote the natural renewal of lime forests in the Kasmarsky uchastkovoye forestry of the Zianchurinsky forestry. The data on lime forests within the boundaries of the forestry were studied, and the calculation of the economic efficiency of promoting natural regeneration was carried out. The use of evenly-gradual and continuous narrow-cut logging in the conditions of the Zianchurinsky forest area in the Kasmar district forest area will avoid the creation of expensive forest crops. The cost of creating forest crops is 10,719. 4 rubles per 1 ha, and the cost of preserving and caring for the forest during evenly-gradual logging is 4,237. 9 rubles, and solid narrow-cutting-3,469. 33 rubles.

ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL ATAS PRODUK (Studi Kasus Pada PT Dasa Windu Agung)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Dwi Urip Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Keywords Cost

This study aims to determine the determination of the cost of production for products produced by PT. DWA. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing industry specialized in automotive components. Its activity is carried out through a series of production processes, so that expenses spent in the production will be calculated into the cost of the production sold. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies in Jakarta. Convenience sampling method selected one of the companies that get the confidence to assemble three national car project in Indonesia, namely Timor, Bakrie and Maleo. Test analysis used in this study is to test the calculation of full costing with job order costing. This study shows that (a) determination of the cost elements associated with the cost of production and (b) determining the cost of production on a product-based job costing with full costing approach. Keywords: cost of production, full costing

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