scholarly journals Influence of the environmental temperature and humidity regime during winter over some adaptive reactions of calves

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krasimir Krastev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

The current study aims to examine the influence of the environmental temperature and humidity regime during winter on some adaptive reactions in the organism of five-month-old calves of the Bulgarian Black and White breed, kept in O.K. and in cattle-shed in Bulgaria. The temperature and the relative humidity of the production environment have been studied for a period of three months. The changes in the length, weight, density and percent ratio of the coat, transitional and prickly hairs and the changes in the hemoglobin (HBB), haematocrit (PCV), the inorganic phosphorus (P) and the number of erythrocytes (Er) were examined. The hair and blood tests were taken once at the end of the winter when the calves were five months old. 30 animals divided in two groups of 15 were studied. After the results were analyzed it became clear that the abiotic factors - low temperature and increased humidity of the environment - are main preconditions for the increase of the coat hairs from 11.8 % of the calves kept in the hutch to 26.2 % of the calves kept in O.K.. their length (from 24.395 mm to 29.941 mm), density (from 3567.3 n 4cm2 to 5423.8 n/4cm2) and weight (from 7.629 mg/cm2 to 15.466 mg/cm2). The level of hemoglobin HBB (from 5.23 mmol/1 to 5.48 mmol/1), haematocrit PCV (from 0.33 1/1 to 0.351/1) and the number of erythrocytes Er (from 8.6x10l2/l to 8.8x 10l2/l) raised, while the level of inorganic phosphorus P fell (from 4.92 mmol/1 to 4.71 mmol/1).

scholarly journals Influence of the ecological conditions on breeding in closed covered brick barn of black-and-white cows and some ethological reactions

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
K. Krastev ◽  
K. Boychev
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Milk Cows

This study was done with the aim to establish the season dynamics of ethological indicators: lying, standing, feeding and drinking of milk cows with is result of such abiotic factors as: temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity movement in production environment. The animals were bred during the year in closed covered brick barn with natural ventilation. From the analysis of the received results is clear that the parameters of the ethological reactions are changing in a cycle during the seasons of the year. This is an expression of the reaction towards the influence of the abiotic factors of the environment.

Efficiency of use in the feeding of first-calf heifers hay and haylage of legume-grass mixtures

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
B. G. Sharifyanov ◽  
F. M. Shagaliev ◽  
G. Kh. Idiyatullin ◽  
E. F. Salikhov ◽  
O. V. Nazarchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Republic

Increasing the protein nutritional value of rations through the use of legume-grass crops, press-cakes and oil-cakes, complete provision of high-quality animal feed, balanced in protein and other components, is the leading direction of solving the protein problem in animal husbandry and remains an urgent topic for research. The purpose of the research was to study the use of hay and haylage from the mixture of Eastern galega and awnless brome in the rations of first-calf heifers instead of the same feed from the mixture of alfalfa and awnless brome. For carrying out scientific and economic experiments in LLC Kushul in the Dyurtyulinsky district in the Republic of Bashkortostan on the principle of pairs-analogs (breed, live weight, age, level of productivity) four groups of first-calf heifers of Black-and-White breed per 10 heads in each have been selected. The inclusion of 4 kg of hay and 10 kg of haylage in the rations of first-calf heifers of the mixture of Eastern galega and awnless brome has a positive effect on increasing the protein content in milk by 3,1 and 3,4 %, sugar by 0,6 and 0,9 abs.%. There was a steady increase in the milk of cows of the experimental groups: carotene, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus compared to the control group where the animals received 4 kg of hay and 10 kg of haylage of the mixture of alfalfa and awnless brome. Thus, studies have shown that the use in rations of first-calf heifers hay and haylage of mixtures of Eastern galega and awnless brome promotes not only productivity, but also improve milk quality.

The improvement of the type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle breed under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
L. Ovchinnikova ◽  
E. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
White Breed ◽  
White Cattle

In the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade positive changes have been observed in increasing the number of farm animals, increasing their productivity, and increasing the gross production of milk, meat and other products. At the same time the development of dairy cattle breeding is mainly due to the breeding of Black-and-White, Red Steppe, Simmental breeds and their intra-breed types as well as imported from abroad Holstein breed. The purpose of the research was to analyze ways to improve the intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White breed in Northern Kazakhstan. Research work has been carried out on breeding animals such as Karatomar type cattle of Black-and-White breed in LLP “Experimental farm Zarechnoe” in the Kostanay district in the Kostanay region. The dynamics of growth and development indicators, reproductive traits of heifers of a new intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle have been studied. A comprehensive assessment of their economically useful traits in the first lactation, determined by the resistance of animals to climatic and forage conditions, the efficiency of breeding of animals of different genotypes has been conducted. It has been found that the replacement heifers – daughters of American breeding sires inherited precocity and showed higher growth energy after 6 months of age and continued to grow rapidly until 18 months. The advantage in metabolism was in the daughters of Holstein sires of the American selection Orbit 4078, and the increased immune status of the organism in the daughters of the sire of the domestic selection Yamal 975 as the most adapted to the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The best ability to increasing the milk yield, stable lactation activity, high milk productivity, gross content of dry matter and nonfat milk solids have been characterized by the daughters of sires of the American selection Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129. Analysis of economic indicators of milk production has been shown that from cows – daughters of sires Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129 for 305 days of lactation received 15,8 and 15,2 % more milk of base fat, the expenditures of EFU per 1 kg of production was lower by 10,2 and 5,9 %. A higher level of profitability has been observed in the group of daughters of the sires Orbit 4078 – 35,5 % and Lowrider 4129 – 33,1 %, which was 8,5 and 10,8 % higher than in the group of daughters of the sire Yamal 975.

The influence of probiotic drug Biolax-U on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
A. Farkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed

The expediency of using the probiotic drug Biolax-U in the rations of lactating and dry cows of Black-and-White breed has been studied and scientifically proved. The influence of this drug on the morphological and biochemical parameters of animal blood has been determined. The composition of the probiotic drug Biolax-U consists of eight strains of a balanced complex of living lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, as well as biologically active substances. For experimental studies conducted on 2 groups of cows have been selected by the method of pairs-analogs, the influence of feeding of feed have been prepared with the use of the microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U on feed consumption, morphological and biochemical changes in blood has been studied. Analysis of the rations of cows indicates that the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements such as manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt in the feed has been reduced. It has been found by studies that the use of probiotic drug Biolax-U had the positive influence on the feed intake, digestibility and better assimilation of feed nutrients and contributed to the improvement of blood morphological and biochemical parameters. For example, in animals of the experimental group hemoglobin has increased by 3,6 % (Р < 0,05), red blood cells by 10,1 (P ≤ 0,05), the content of leukocytes by 4,43, carotene by 9,6, glucose by 3,4; reserve alkalinity by 15,6, calcium by 19,4 (P ≤ 0,01), and phosphorus by 18,4 % compared with the control group of animals. During the lactation significantly improved hematological parameters including alkalinity reserve by 5,11 %, calcium level by 11,1, phosphorus by 8,6, hemoglobin by 14,2 %, the content of erythrocytes by 12,3, leukocyte by 3,86, and carotene 11,1 % against the parameters of animals of control group. The improvement of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of cows indicates about stimulating effect on hematopoiesis and the general clinical condition of animals that contributes to the improvement of metabolic processes when using feed prepared with the use of microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U.

Extruded lupine as a part of energy-protein concentrate in the ration of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Z. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Experimental Group

In order to fi ll the existing protein defi ciency in the rations of farm animals in particular dairy cows it is necessary to input feed lupins as widely as possible in crop rotations. Lupin is a very versatile forage crop it can be used in feed as herbage, in the form of haylage, silage, in compound feed as a protein additive, as well as a green manure crop to increase soil fertility. Questions of protein nutrition should be to be quickly resolved, both in the production of protein and in its standardized rational use. Unbalanced protein rations increase feed consumption per unit of production, thereby increasing its prime cost. In the world soya is generally recognized as a protein feed, but in the Kaliningrad region as in most of regions in our country, it does not maturate being a heat-loving crop. Under these environments the inclusion of extruded lupine grain in the composition of energy-protein concentrates for the production of compound feed has become an alternative to replacing expensive soya. The researches have been carried out it the cattle farm of LLC “Temp” in the Guryevsky area in the Kaliningrad region (March-May 2019) on feeding lactating cows energy-protein concentrate from extruded grain of narrow-leaved lupine, fl ax, triticale, subjected to heat treatment on a press extruder. For this purpose two groups of lactating cows of Black-and-White breed (control and experimental) have been formed using the method of pairs of analogs per 11 heads in each. Cows of the control group have received the main ration of the farm, and cows of the experimental group in addition to the main ration have received compound feed with extruded energy-protein concentrate based on lupine. As a result of research, the positive infl uence of energy-protein concentrate based on lupine in compound feed on the dairy productivity of cows has been established. Recipes of concentrate and compound feed with concentrate for lactating cows, the volume of inclusion of components in the concentrate and in the compound feed have been calculated. During the experiment, the milk yield in the experimental group of cows has increased by 62,4 kg or 8,0 %, than in the control group. From the cows of the experimental group the conditional profi t has been received in the amount of 1684,8 rubles per head.

Effect of high environmental temperature and humidity on incidence of motion sickness

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-614
Author(s):  
Xiao FANG ◽  
Lin LUO ◽  
Lei ZHANG ◽  
Hai-xia QI ◽  
Xiao-dong LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
High Environmental Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Population characteristics of daughters of domestic and foreign breeding bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
N. I. Abramova ◽  
◽  
O. L. Khromova ◽  
M. O. Selimyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Modern Population

The use of foreign-bred bulls leads to changes in the genetic structure of the black-and-white breed population, which affects the level of population characteristics. The study was conducted to study the comparative variability and heritability of productive and reproductive characteristics of daughters of sires of domestic and foreign selection in pedigree livestock 10 250 cows 1st calving modern population of black-motley breed of the Vologda region. The superiority of the offspring of foreign bulls in the average indicators of all the studied traits was established with confidence (P<0,001). There were no significant differences in the level of variability of the characteristics of the descendants of domestic and foreign bulls. According to productive traits, the greatest variability of indicators was established for milk yield for 305 days of the 1st lactation Cv = 17,3 – 17,7%, therefore, selection on this trait will be more effective. The greatest share of the influence of bullsfathers, both domestic and foreign selection, in the total sum of all factors determining the value of traits in the population of the black-and-white breed, is determined by the milk yield of daughters η2 = 0,22 – 0,24, the age of the 1st fruitful insemination and the first calving η2 = 0,24 – 0,25. In further breeding work with the breed, it is necessary to obtain and use domestic producers that exceed the breeding value of foreign bulls.

DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF FARMING

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Х.А. АМЕРХАНОВ ◽  
Г.В. РОДИОНОВ ◽  
Л.П. ТАБАКОВА ◽  
А.П. ОЛЕСЮК ◽  
В.В. БОШЛЯКОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Different Levels

Проведено комплексное исследование морфофункциональных особенностей молочной железы коров черно-пестрой и ярославской пород с разным уровнем молочной продуктивности в условиях крестьянско-фермерского хозяйства Московской области. Рассмотрены молочная продуктивность, морфологические и функциональные свойства вымени подопытных животных, гистологическая структура молочной железы. Отмечено, что у коров черно-пестрой породы количество молочного жира за лактацию составило 256 кг, а у ярославской породы — 233 кг. Показатель коэффициента молочности составил у черно-пестрых животных 1180 кг, а у коров ярославской породы — 1132кг. При анализе лактационных кривых было выявлено, что у подопытных коров обеих групп наивысший суточный удой получен на 2-м и 3-м мес лактации. Так, коэффициент постоянства лактации у коров черно-пестрой породы составил 88,7%, ярославской — 73,5%. При взятии промеров установлено, что по длине задние соски вымени черно-пестрых коров не соответствуют требованиям технологического отбора, а по диаметру сосков обе группы имеют оптимальные показатели. Время доения черно-пестрых животных составило 12,76±0,92 мин, ярославских — 11,45±0,94 мин. По индексу вымени у коров черно-пестрой породы показатели выше, чем у животных ярославской породы на 6,22%. Площадь паренхимы вымени составляет 81,4%, стромы 18,6%, у черно-пестрых особей, тогда как у ярославских на долю железистой ткани приходится 66%, соединительной — 34%. На основании проведенных исследований для повышения продуктивности стада желательно увеличить поголовье черно-пестрых животных и использовать инновационные методы, направленные на повышение качественных показателей молочной продуктивности коров ярославской породы. Complex study of morphological and functional characteristics of the mammary gland of black-and-white and yaroslavskaya breeds of cows with different levels of milk productivity under conditions of a peasant farm from Moscow region has been conducted. Milk productivity, morphological and functional properties of the udder of the animals, histological structure of the mammary gland have been observed. It has been noted that cows of black-and-white breed produced 256 kg of milk fat during lactation, cows of yaroslavskaya breed – 233 kg of milk fat. Milk productivity coefficient indicator for black-and-white breed was 1180 kg, 1132 kg for yaroslavskaya breed. Analysisof lactation curves of the cows studied has revealed that animals from both groups had the highest daily milk yield at the 2nd and 3rd months of lactation. The coefficient of lactation consistency of black-and-white cows has reached 88.7%,yaroslavskaya breed — 73.5%. Measurements taken has revealed that the length of the rear teatsof black-and-white cows did not meet the requirements of technological selection, at the  same time both groups had optimaldiameter of the teat indicators. Milking time for black-and-white cows has reached 12.76±0.92 minutes, for yaroslavskaya breed — 11.45 ± 0.94 minutes. According to the udder index, animals of black-and-white breed had higher indicator than that of the other group, by 6.22%. Cows of black-and-white breed had udder tissue consisting of 81.4% parenchyma and 18.6% stroma, while that of yaroslavskaya breed consisted of 66% glandular tissue, 34% connective tissue. Based on conducted studies it could be concluded, that it is preferable to increase the amount of black-and-white cows in the herd and to use innovative methods for increasing milk productivity of yaroslavskaya breed cows, in order to achieve higher milk productivity of entire herd.

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