scholarly journals The influence of detergents on the bioproduction of organic matter and the enzymatic activity of two fungal species

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stojanovic Jelica ◽  
Velickovic D. ◽  
Vucetic J.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Fungal Species

The long-term impact of low-intensity surface fires on litter decomposition and enzyme activities in boreal coniferous forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajar Köster ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
Jussi Heinonsalo ◽  
Aki Lindén ◽  
Egle Köster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Long Term Impact

In boreal forest ecosystems fire, fungi and bacteria, and their interactions, have a pronounced effect on soil carbon dynamics. In this study we measured enzymatic activities, litter decomposition rates, carbon stocks and fungal and microbial biomasses in a boreal subarctic coniferous forest on a four age classes of non-stand replacing fire chronosequence (2, 42, 60 and 152 years after the fire). The results show that microbial activity recovered slowly after fire and the decomposition of new litter was affected by the disturbance. The percent mass loss of Scots pine litter increased with time from the last fire. Slow litter decomposition during the first post-fire years accelerates soil organic matter accumulation that is essential for the recovery of soil biological activities. Fire reduced the enzymatic activity across all the enzyme types measured. Carbon-degrading, chitin-degrading and phosphorus-dissolving enzymes showed different responses with the time elapsed since the fire disturbance. Microbial and enzymatic activity took decades before recovering to the levels observed in old forest stands. Our study demonstrates that slower post-fire litter decomposition has a pronounced impact on the recovery of soil organic matter following forest fires in northern boreal coniferous forests.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity of Saprolegniales and Fungi Isolated from Temperate Lakes in Northeast Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Hossein Masigol ◽  
Jason Nicholas Woodhouse ◽  
Pieter van West ◽  
Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa ◽  
Keilor Rojas-Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

The contribution of fungi to the degradation of plant litter and transformation of dissolved organic matter (humic substances, in particular) in freshwater ecosystems has received increasing attention recently. However, the role of Saprolegniales as one of the most common eukaryotic organisms is rarely studied. In this study, we isolated and phylogenetically placed 51 fungal and 62 Saprolegniales strains from 12 German lakes. We studied the cellulo-, lignino-, and chitinolytic activity of the strains using plate assays. Furthermore, we determined the capacity of 10 selected strains to utilize 95 different labile compounds, using Biolog FF MicroPlates™. Finally, the ability of three selected strains to utilize maltose and degrade/produce humic substances was measured. Cladosporium and Penicillium were amongst the most prevalent fungal strains, while Saprolegnia, Achlya, and Leptolegnia were the most frequent Saprolegniales strains. Although the isolated strains assigned to genera were phylogenetically similar, their enzymatic activity and physiological profiling were quite diverse. Our results indicate that Saprolegniales, in contrast to fungi, lack ligninolytic activity and are not involved in the production/transformation of humic substances. We hypothesize that Saprolegniales and fungi might have complementary roles in interacting with dissolved organic matter, which has ecological implications for carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Activity and Certain Chemical Properties of Grey-Brown Podzolic Soil (Haplic Luvisol) Amended with Compost of Tobacco Wastes

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Szwed ◽  
Justyna Bohacz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Light Soil

Abstract The paper addresses the effect of a compost prepared from tobacco wastes with an admixture of bark and straw on the enzymatic activity and certain chemical properties of a grey-brown podzolic soil amended with that compost. The study was conducted under the conditions of a pot experiment in which the soil material was collected from the surface horizon of the grey-brown podzolic soil. The effect of the application of the compost was compared with soil without such amendment. The test plant was maize cv. Kosmo 230. Fertilisation of the light soil with the compost studied caused changes in the enzymatic activity of the soil that were related both to the dose of the compost and to the kind of enzyme studied. With increase in the dose of the compost there was an increase in dehydrogenase activity (highest dose) and a significant decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase. Moreover, it was observed that tobacco compost was a significant source that enriched the light soil in organic matter, total nitrogen, and available forms of phosphorus, magnesium and potassium, which was evident in increased yields of maize grown as the test plant. Significant correlations were also demonstrated between a majority of the biochemical and chemical parameters, which indicates that those parameters characterise well the biological properties of a grey-brown podzolic soil amended with tobacco compost.

scholarly journals Microbiological activity and carbon mineralization in pampean soils with different agricultural use intensity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A Castro-Huerta ◽  
Fernando R Momo ◽  
Liliana B Falco ◽  
César A Di Ciocco ◽  
Carlos E Coviella
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Mineralization Rate ◽  
Microbial Quotient ◽  
Agricultural Use

The processes involved in the flows of matter and energy of terrestrial ecosystems depends heavily on soil biological activity, the current conventional agricultural managements could alter the biological mechanisms involved in decomposition and nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. The aim of this study was to compare the activity levels and soil microbial biomass between different agricultural pampean soil uses and its relationship to carbon mineralization. 25 years of agricultural use were compared with 25 years of ecological reserve naturalized where each agroecosystem soil were collected at 61 - 125 - 183 - 236 - 302 - 368 - 431 - 488 days for measuring their moisture, organic matter, enzymatic activity, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient and carbon mineralization rate. The distance between agroecosystems is less than 800 m, thus assuming the same soil and climatic conditions. The data were evaluated by Friedman test finding significant differences in moisture, organic matter, enzymatic activity, soil respiration y microbial quotient (p< 0.01). Difference was also found in the microbial mineralization rate of carbon (p< 0.1).

scholarly journals Microbiological activity and carbon mineralization in pampean soils with different agricultural use intensity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A Castro-Huerta ◽  
Fernando R Momo ◽  
Liliana B Falco ◽  
César A Di Ciocco ◽  
Carlos E Coviella
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Mineralization Rate ◽  
Microbial Quotient ◽  
Agricultural Use

The processes involved in the flows of matter and energy of terrestrial ecosystems depends heavily on soil biological activity, the current conventional agricultural managements could alter the biological mechanisms involved in decomposition and nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. The aim of this study was to compare the activity levels and soil microbial biomass between different agricultural pampean soil uses and its relationship to carbon mineralization. 25 years of agricultural use were compared with 25 years of ecological reserve naturalized where each agroecosystem soil were collected at 61 - 125 - 183 - 236 - 302 - 368 - 431 - 488 days for measuring their moisture, organic matter, enzymatic activity, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient and carbon mineralization rate. The distance between agroecosystems is less than 800 m, thus assuming the same soil and climatic conditions. The data were evaluated by Friedman test finding significant differences in moisture, organic matter, enzymatic activity, soil respiration y microbial quotient (p< 0.01). Difference was also found in the microbial mineralization rate of carbon (p< 0.1).

Hydrolysis of wastewater colloidal organic matter by extracellular enzymes extracted from activated sludge flocs

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guellil ◽  
M. Boualam ◽  
H. Quiquampoix ◽  
P. Ginestet ◽  
J. M. Audic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Protein Hydrolysis ◽  
Sludge Flocs ◽  
Exopolymeric Substances ◽  
Glycolytic Activity ◽  
Wastewater Bacteria ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Colloidal Fraction

Enzymatic activities associated with the exopolymeric substances (EPSs) extracted from activated sludges were tested for their ability to hydrolyse the organic colloidal fraction of wastewater. Bacteria extracted with EPS and concentrated by wastewater microfiltration were inhibited with NaN3 or KCN. The protein hydrolysis mainly resulted from the enzymatic activity of EPS, whereas the glycolytic activity was mainly present in the organic colloidal fraction of the wastewater.

Relationship between soil chemical characteristics and soil-borne fungi in tomato tunnels of Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Freeha Anjum ◽  
Rashid Mahmood ◽  
Naureen Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Soil Borne Fungi

Soil pH, ECe, N, K, P and organic matter in 12 soil samples collected from different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) tunnels were in the range of 7.7 - 8.3, 0.40 - 2.45 dS/cm, 0.02 - 0.10%, 40 - 282 ppm, 12 - 123 ppm and 0.42 - 2.02%, respectively. A total of 20 fungal species belonging to ten genera, namely Aspergilus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Drechslera, Emericella, Fusarium, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium and Sclerotium were isolated from the soil samples using direct and dilution plate techniques. Total number of fungal colonies ranged from 450 - 2700/g soil in different soil samples. Among these, number of colonies of saprophytic and pathogenic fungi were 432 - 2070 and 10 - 954/g soil sample, respectively. Number of pathogenic colonies was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic matter and N. The soil organic matter and nitrogen favoured population of pathogenic fungi in tomato tunnels.

Vaccinium vitis-idaea decreases the dependence of alpine soil properties from soil moisture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Makarov ◽  
Tatiana Malysheva ◽  
Maksim Kadulin ◽  
Rida Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Organic Matter Transformation

&lt;p&gt;Climatic and plant community changes are observed in the alpine belt of the Teberda Reserve (the Northwest Caucasus) in the last decades. Increase of average monthly temperature in the summer months in 2006-2018 was 1.8-2.2 &amp;#186;C in comparison with 1966-1990. For the last 13 years, the maximum temperature in July and August reached 22.1-23.2 &amp;#186;C vs. 20.5 &amp;#186;C in 1966-1990, and minimum temperature during these months did not fall lower than -1.8 &amp;#186;C whereas in 1966-1990 it fell up to -7.0 &amp;#186;C. At the same time decrease of summer precipitation, especially in July and August is observed (average 80-100 mm per month vs. 150-160 mm in 1966-1990). Against this climatic background, a significant increase of dwarf shrub with ericoid mycorrhizal symbiosis (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) occurs in plant community of alpine lichen heath. As ericoid mycorrhiza is characterized by high enzymatic activity capable to transform and mobilize soil organic matter, we assume that the appearance of Vaccinium vitis-idaea in grass ecosystems can change soil properties. Simultaneously the observed tendency to decrease the amount of summer atmospheric precipitation in mountain regions can change soil moisture which is also highly important to control soil microbial activity and organic matter transformation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The properties of the mountain-meadow soil of the alpine lichen heath, characterizing labile forms of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as biological activity at different soil moisture and in the presence or absence of Vaccinium vitis-idaea in the plant community, have been studied. It has been shown that under V. vitis-idaea soil is characterized by greater acidity and less responsive to changes in soil moisture. Differences in properties in the presence and absence of V. vitis-idaea are predominantly determined by the expressed response of the soil to changes in moisture in the absence of dwarf shrub. Under herbal vegetation, when soil moisture decreases, concentrations of inorganic nitrogen, activity of N-mineralization and nitrification, microbial biomass and soil respiration decrease, but concentrations of labile organic carbon and nitrogen, and enzymatic activity increase. Such changes indicate a shift in organic matter transformation from mineralization to depolymerization, more characteristic of ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal dominated ecosystems. Thus, both factors (soil moisture and invasions of ericoid mycorrhizal plant species) should be taken into account in predicting changes of alpine ecosystems functioning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study was supported by Russian Science Foundation (16-14-10208).&lt;/p&gt;

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