scholarly journals Study of wheat straw delignification in a rotary-pulsation apparatus

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Larysa Sablii ◽  
Oleksandr Obodovych ◽  
Vitalii Sydorenko ◽  
Tamila Sheyko
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Pulsation Apparatus ◽  
Rotary Pulsation Apparatus ◽  
Solid Water ◽  
Pre Treatment

This paper presents the results of studies of isolation lignin and hemicelluloses efficiency during the pre-treatment of wheat straw for hydrolysis in a rotary-pulsation apparatus. The pre-treatment of lignocellulosic raw materials for hydrolysis is a necessary step in the second-generation bioethanol production technology. The lignocellulose complex is destroyed during this process, and this allows hydrolytic enzymes access to the surface of cellulose fibers. The pre-treatment is the most energy-consuming stage in bioethanol production technology, since it usually occurs at high temperature and pressure for a significant time. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of this process is the use of energy-efficient equipment that allows intensifying heat and mass transfer. An example of such equipment is a rotary-pulsation apparatus, which are effective devices in stirring, homogenization, dispersion technologies, etc. The treatment of wheat straw in a rotary-pulsation apparatus was carried out under atmospheric pressure without external heat supply at solid/water ratios of 1:10 and 1:5 in the presence of alkali. It was determined that the treatment of the water dispersion of straw at ratio of 1:10 due to the energy dissipation during 70 minutes leads to the release of 42 % of lignin and 25.76 % of easily hydrolyzed polysaccharides. Changing the solid / water ratio from 1:10 to 1:5 leads to an increase in the yield of lignin and easily hydrolyzed polysaccharides to 58 and 33.38 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of modifiers and mineral additives from industrial waste on the quality of aerated concrete products

Technobius ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 0010
Author(s):  
Yerlan Sabitov ◽  
Duman Dyussembinov ◽  
Daniyar Bazarbayev
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Pulsation Apparatus ◽  
Rotary Pulsation Apparatus ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
The Given ◽  
Mineral Additives

The given article is devoted to research of influence of polymer modifiers and mineral additives on quality of composite aerated concrete products. When selecting the composition of composite aerated concrete local raw materials and components were used: portland cement, sand, aluminum powder, polyvinyl acetate, fly ash, post-alcoholic bard and whey of milk. Preliminary polyvinyl acetate was combined with binder mixing water at a temperature above 55ºC to obtain a readily soluble polymer emulsion. Dispersion was carried out with a rotary-pulsation apparatus at a pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa and a rotor speed of ~1200 rpm. In the same apparatus the complex modifier was produced. The offered technology of production of a complex modifier seems to be the most effective for composite aerated concrete. It made it possible to reduce water absorption and capillary suction of composite aerated concrete by an average of 25% and 45%, respectively. Moreover, different combinations of fly ash, polymer and modifier made it possible to achieve optimal values of thermal conductivity, compressive strength and frost resistance of composite aerated concrete.

scholarly journals WORLD AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
А.A. Dolinskyi ◽  
O. M. Obodovych ◽  
V.V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Limited Output ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Materials Used

The paper presents an overview of bioetanol production technologies. It is noted that world fuel ethanol production in 2017 amounted to more than 27,000 million gallons (80 million tons). Eight countries, namely the USA, Brazil, the EU, China, Canada, Thailand, Argentina, India, together produce about 98% of bioethanol. In Ukraine, the volume of bioethanol production by alcoholic factories in recent years has been gradually increasing and amounted to 2,992.8 ths. dal in 2017. The production of ethanol as an additive to gasoline, with regard to the raw materials used, as well as the corresponding technologies, is historically divided into three generations. The first generation of biofuels produced from food crops rich in sugar or starch is currently dominant. Production of advanced biofuels from non-food crop feedstocks is limited. Output is anticipated to remain modest in the short term, as progress is needed to improve technology readiness. The main stages of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic raw materials are pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The pre-treatment process aims to reduce of sizes of raw material particles, provision of the components exposure (hemicellulose, cellulose, starch), provision of better access for the enzymes (in fermentative hydrolysis) to the surface of raw materials, and reduction of crystallinity degree of the cellulose matrix. The pre-treatment process is a major cost component of the overall process. The pre-treatment process is highly recommended as it gives subsequent or direct yield of the fermentable sugars, prevents premature degradation of the yielded sugars, prevents inhibitors formation prior hydrolysis and fermentation, lowers the processing cost, and lowers the demand of conventional energy in general. From the perspective of efficiency, promising methods of pre-treatment of lignocellulosic raw materials to hydrolysis are combined methods combining mechanical, chemical and physical mechanisms of influence on raw materials. One method that combines several physical effects on a treated substance is the discrete-pulsed energy input (DPIE) method. The DPIE method can be applied in the pre- treatment of lignocellulosic raw material in the technology bioethanol production for intensifying the process and reducing energy consumption. Ref. 15, Fig. 2.

scholarly journals Investigation of Acid and Enzyme Wheat Straw Hydrolysis for Obtaining Polysaccharides

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 766-772
Author(s):  
Zhaksylyk Baumanuly Makhatov ◽  
Bakhytzhan Shilmirzaevich Kedelbayev ◽  
Madina Dzhakashyeva ◽  
Amina Daulbai ◽  
Bibilgul Zaydullayevna Doltayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The processes of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw in the presence of the strain Aspergillus awamori F-RKM 0719 has been studied. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most promising method of processing plant biomass. When carrying out the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials, the yield of sugars reaches less than 20% of the theoretically possible yield. Overcoming the physico-chemical barriers that hamper the availability of cellulose for enzymes is an important issue, the solution of which is directly related to the search for low-cost pre-treatment methods for raw materials. The effectiveness of this process determines the yield of the target product in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and the economic feasibility of the entire technology as a whole.

Green electrochemical approach for delignification of wheat straw in second-generation bioethanol production

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Tamburini ◽  
Tatiana Bernardi ◽  
Giuseppe Castaldelli ◽  
Giorgio Tumiatti ◽  
Sergio Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Electrochemical Approach

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Nitrogen and Flue Gas as Operating Gases in Explosive Decompression Pretreatment

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin Raud ◽  
Vahur Rooni ◽  
Timo Kikas
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Physical Changes

As the pretreatment process is the most expensive and energy-consuming step in the overall second generation bioethanol production process, it is vital that it is studied and optimized in order to be able to develop the most efficient production process. The aim of this paper was to investigate chemical and physical changes in biomass during the process of applying the explosive decompression pretreatment method using two different gases—N2 and synthetic flue gas. The explosive decompression method is economically and environmentally attractive since no chemicals are used—rather it is pressure that is applied—and water is used to break down the biomass structure. Both pre-treatment methods were used at different temperatures. To be able to compare the effects of the pretreatment, samples from different process steps were gathered together and analysed. The results were used to assess the efficiency of the pretreatment, the chemical and physical changes in the biomass and, finally, the mass balances were compiled for the process during the different process steps of bioethanol production. The results showed that both pre-treatment methods are effective in hemicellulose dissolution, while the cellulose content decreases to a smaller degree. The high glucose and ethanol yields were gained with both explosive pretreatment methods at 175 °C (15.2–16.0 g glucose and 5.6–9.0 g ethanol per 100 g of dry biomass, respectively).

scholarly journals Perspective pretreatment method of beech and poplar wood and wheat straw in 2G biofuel production processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
Andrej Pažitný ◽  
Albert Russ ◽  
Štefan Boháček ◽  
Štefan Šutý ◽  
Vladimír Ihnát
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Cellulose Accessibility ◽  
Main Indicator

Monosaccharides such as glucose, xylose and arabinose are the main monomer units of which cellulose and hemicelluloses are composed. The cellulose and hemicelluloses content in many biomass species makes them suitable for 2G bioethanol production. Today, when 1G bioethanol production is closely monitored due to its enormous consumption of food raw materials such as wheat or corn grains, larger companies are gradually moving to pilot operations of 2G bioethanol production. However, cellulose and hemicelluloses contained in biomass are only very slightly accessible to enzymes used in 2G bioethanol production. Therefore pretreatment methods such as steam explosion are very suitable to use for fractionation of cell structure. In this paper, we tested the cellulose accessibility. We compared the cellulose accessibility of wheat straw particles with wooden particles obtained from beech and poplar. Particle size was less than 0.7 mm. We identified the optimal conditions of steam explosion pretreatment at reaction temperature of 200 °C for wheat straw, poplar and beech wood particles. The main indicator of accessibility was concentration of monomers obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis. The concentration of monomer was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The experimental results showed different accessibility measure for each type of biomass species.

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