scholarly journals A mathematical model for leak location and leak area determination in pipeline networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
O.I. Oyedokun ◽  
S.A. Oke ◽  
D.E. Ighravwe
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Leak Location ◽  
Pipeline Networks ◽  
Location Detection ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Area Determination

Prompt leak location and leak area determination in oil and gas pipeline installations is an indispensable approach to controlling petroleum products wastages in pipes. However, there is an evident lack of literature information on this subject. In this paper, we modelled leak location detection and leak area determination in pipes by applying two methodologies and gave an illustrative example using simulated data with the aid of Matlab. A comparison of these two approaches resulted in an error of 6.24%, suggesting that the closer the leak is to the measurement station, the lower will be the time interval between two successive waves that will pass through the leak and get to the measurement station. The relationship between the pipe area and coefficient of reflection is parabolic. This contribution is valuable to pipeline engineers in the economic control of leaks.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUTHIGENIC KAOLINITE, RESERVOIR QUALITY AND TRAP HISTORY IN WONNICH-I

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
J.M.V. Storey ◽  
P.M. Hillock
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Water Breakthrough ◽  
Anomalous Zone ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Petrographic Study ◽  
Interstitial Velocity

A significant decrease in permeability is seen within the oil and water legs of the Wonnich-1 oil and gas discovery well in TP/8, despite an increase in porosity of 4-5 per cent by volume. The anomalous zone contains abundant authigenic kaolinite. The prompt integration of wireline log and core data allowed the presence of this kaolinite to be postulated at an early stage in the appraisal of the well. It also led to the proposal that the authigenic kaolinite was derived through the dissolution of detrital potassium feldspar and that its distribution was related to a palaeo-hydrocarbon contact. This hypothesis was used to design a tailored special core analysis and petrographic study including fluid inclusion, mercury injection and critical velocity analyses. The results confirmed the model and indicate that the bulk of the additional porosity within the anomalous zone is microporosity. In addition, the results show that where water is the flowing phase, the authigenic kaolinite becomes mobile at an interstitial velocity of approximately 4.4 jim/s. This equates to a water offtake rate of 5,700 BWPD, making kaolinite movement in the immediate vicinity of the well bore likely in any Wonnich oil development scenario. Pore throat sizes in the Wonnich reservoir appear to be sufficiently large that the kaolinite will pass through leading to an increase in permeability rather than a decrease. As a consequence, kaolinite movement is likely to lead to an increase in water production since it will occur preferentially in areas of water breakthrough.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

Methods for assessing territory pollution by oil or petroleum product spills

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
S. I. Chelombitko ◽  
V. V. Piven
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Gas Fields

During the development of oil and gas fields and transportation of hydrocarbons, the ecology of regions is subject to various negative impacts. The most severe consequences for the environment are caused by accidental spills of oil or petroleum products, which occur due to through damage to pipelines. Polluted territories are subject to mandatory reclamation in accordance with government regulations and industry regulations. However, despite the measures taken by the administrations of the northern regions to increase the rate of reclamation of damaged territories in recent years, there has been a trend of growth of areas contaminated with hydrocarbons.Various remediation technologies that have been tested in warm and temperate climates are not very effective in regions with permafrost. Pollution of the daytime surface with oil or petroleum products leads to an increase in the absorption of the sun's radiant energy, the growth of the seasonal thaw layer and the development of destructive processes for the territory. To achieve a positive effect as a result of rehabilitation measures, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the territory and the extent of its pollution.

Science or Art? How Aesthetic Standards Grease the Way Through the Publication Bottleneck but Undermine Science

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Giner-Sorolla
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Results

The current crisis in psychological research involves issues of fraud, replication, publication bias, and false positive results. I argue that this crisis follows the failure of widely adopted solutions to psychology’s similar crisis of the 1970s. The untouched root cause is an information-economic one: Too many studies divided by too few publication outlets equals a bottleneck. Articles cannot pass through just by showing theoretical meaning and methodological rigor; their results must appear to support the hypothesis perfectly. Consequently, psychologists must master the art of presenting perfect-looking results just to survive in the profession. This favors aesthetic criteria of presentation in a way that harms science’s search for truth. Shallow standards of statistical perfection distort analyses and undermine the accuracy of cumulative data; narrative expectations encourage dishonesty about the relationship between results and hypotheses; criteria of novelty suppress replication attempts. Concerns about truth in research are emerging in other sciences and may eventually descend on our heads in the form of difficult and insensitive regulations. I suggest a more palatable solution: to open the bottleneck, putting structures in place to reward broader forms of information sharing beyond the exquisite art of present-day journal publication.

Exploring the impact of green human resource management on environmental performance: the roles of perceived organizational support and innovative environmental behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeen Hussain Bhatti ◽  
Farida Saleem ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Tazeem Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serial Mediation ◽  
Green Human Resource Management ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the relationship between green human resource management (GHRM) practices and the environmental performance (EP) of firms belonging to industries that may lean toward environmental pollution (e.g. oil and gas). The authors propose a holistic (serial mediation) model based on the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) theory and the social exchange theory (SET) and integrate organizational, i.e. perceived organizational support (POS), and individual, i.e. innovative environmental behavior (IEB), factors as explanatory mechanisms. The authors then test the model in a developing country context.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from white collar workers in the oil and gas industry in Pakistan. A structural equation modeling (SEM) technique and the PROCESS model 6 were used to analyze the hypothesized serial mediation model.FindingsThe authors found support for the fully meditating serial mediation model. Although the direct effects of GHRM and EP were insignificant, the total effects and indirect effects through POS and IEB were significant. Similarly, the research also found support for organizational and individual factors as explanatory mechanisms in the relationship between GHRM and EP.Originality/valueThis research adds to the existing literature on GHRM and the corporate EP link through proposing and testing a model of the mediating effects of POS and IEB. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence of this model in the oil and gas sector using an Asian developing country as the context of study.

scholarly journals Empirical analysis of inbound open innovation and SMEs performance: Evidence from oil and gas industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf O. Akinwale
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Petroleum Sector ◽  
External Actors ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This article contributes to existing literature by examining the relationship between inbound open innovation and firms’ financial performance in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Aim: This article seeks to identify the factors of inbound open innovation and whether these factors influence the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Setting: This article examines 150 indigenous oil and gas SMEs in the upstream subsector of the Nigerian petroleum sector through a survey, using a questionnaire, conducted in 2015. Methods: The study applied the structural equation modelling (SEM) method. This method is used to test the relationships between the factors and to calculate the measurement errors in the hypotheses formulated. Results: The results show that technology scouting, vertical technology collaboration (VTC) and horizontal technology collaboration (HTC) positively and significantly contribute to inbound open innovation, which are thus significant in influencing the financial performance of SMEs. The size of technical staff and research and development (R&D) fund allocations also have a positive and significant correlation with the SMEs’ financial performance. Meanwhile, the age of SMEs is negative and not significant in influencing financial performance. Conclusion: The results suggest that inbound open innovation through scouting, HTC and VTC should therefore be encouraged among SMEs to boost their internal capabilities, which have hitherto enhanced their financial performance. The management members of each SME should continually consider collaboration with the external actors because they cannot singularly possess all the innovative skills required in the industry. Also, each firm should commit itself to allocate more funds to R&D and at the same time should hire those who have relevant production skills and train the existing ones in their firms.

scholarly journals Impact of diet on the immunological microenvironment of the pregnant uterus and its relationship to allergic disease in the offspring: a review of the recent literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Campelo Batalha Cox Moore ◽  
Pedro Xavier Elsas ◽  
Elisabeth Santos Maximiano ◽  
Maria Ignez Capella Gaspar Elsas
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Pregnant Uterus ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Immunological Profile ◽  
Dietary Content ◽  
The Relationship

Medical progress has reduced the mortality from infectious diseases in most countries, but allergic diseases have become more prevalent worldwide over the same period, especially in industrialized countries. This has prompted speculation that modern lifestyles have altered the relationship between heredity and environment so as to promote development of an atopic phenotype when exposure to infection decreases. A healthy uterine microenvironment is known to favor Th2 lymphocyte development. However, some evidence suggests that persistence of the Th2 pattern of immunity directs the developing organism's immune response towards a long-lasting atopic phenotype. Even though the outcome also depends on other factors (such as infection, functional state of the intestinal microflora, and exposure to environmental allergens at times critical to development), it seems that the immune system during the perinatal period is responsive to interventions that are no longer effective in adulthood. We have reviewed the literature accessible through Medline to identify recent advances in the prevention of allergic disease through interventions in the fetal-maternal relationship. Diet seems to have a significant impact on the immunological profile of the pregnant uterus, as well as on the postnatal development of allergic disease in the offspring, as suggested by the effects of probiotic bacteria and by manipulations of the dietary content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. This highlights the need for further studies, in order to define the best intervention methods, the most appropriate time interval and the individuals who will most likely benefit from them.

scholarly journals Wicksell's Problem in Local Stereology

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-944
Author(s):  
Ó. Thórisdóttir ◽  
M. Kiderlen
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Domain Of Attraction ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Section Profile ◽  
Particle Parameters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Isotropic Random

Wicksell's classical corpuscle problem deals with the retrieval of the size distribution of spherical particles from planar sections. We discuss the problem in a local stereology framework. Each particle is assumed to contain a reference point and the individual particle is sampled with an isotropic random plane through this reference point. Both the size of the section profile and the position of the reference point inside the profile are recorded and used to recover the distribution of the corresponding particle parameters. Theoretical results concerning the relationship between the profile and particle parameters are discussed. We also discuss the unfolding of the arising integral equations, uniqueness issues, and the domain of attraction relations. We illustrate the approach by providing reconstructions from simulated data using numerical unfolding algorithms.

Experimental Study on Friction and Wear between Drill Collar and Casing

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Ben Sheng Huang ◽  
Yao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drill Collar

Casing wear is one of the key issues in the development of oil and gas fields and in the process of drilling operations. In this study, the relationship between hardness and wear resistance of drill collar and casing was studied; thereby the wear conditions between the two materials were improved. Chemical analysis, optical microscopy, hardness test and friction wear test were conducted to study the effects of heat treatment on hardness of the drill collar 4145H and the casing 30Mn5V, and discuss the relationship between hardness and wear resistance of them. The results showed that the materials of drill collar and casing after different heat treatment had varying degrees of wear, both of the respective wear amounts were gradually increasing with the increase of hardness of them, the wear extent of casing material was greater than that of drill collar material. The hardness of casing material was the lowest and its wear resistance was the best when quenching at 880°C and tempering at 630°C. And when quenching at 900°C and tempering at 690°C, the hardness of drill collar material was the lowest and its wear resistance was the best. Therefore, the hardness of drill collar and casing can be improved by changing the heat treatment process to improve the wear resistance, thereby reducing the wear conditions between them.

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