scholarly journals Influence of the operating parameters on the flux during microfiltration of the steepwater in the starch industry

2012 ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Zita Seres ◽  
Ljubica Dokic ◽  
Biljana Pajin ◽  
Dragana Soronja-Simovic ◽  
Drago Subaric ◽  
...  

The subject of the work is the possibility of applying microfiltration through a ceramic tubular membrane with 100 nm pore sizes to the steepwater obtained in the production process of corn starch. The dry matter content should be reduced in the steepwater permeate. Thus the consumption of the process water would be reduced, the nutrients from the steepwater could be exploited as feed and the wastewater problem would consequently be solved. The objective of the work was to examine the influence of the operating parameters on the permeate flux during steepwater microfiltration. The parameters that vary in the course of microfiltration, were the transmembrane pressur and flow rate, while the permeate flux and dry matter content of the permeate and retentate were the dependent parameters, constantly monitored during the process. Another objective of this study was to investigate the influence of static turbulence promoter on the permeate flux during steepwater microfiltration. Static mixers enhance permeate flux, thus the microfiltration can be performed longer. As a result of the statistical analysis, the optimal conditions for steepwater microfiltration were determined. The maximum value of the permeate flux without mixer (25 lm-2h-1) was achieved at a pressure of 2 bars and a flow rate around 100 lh-1. With the use of static mixer the flux is 2,5 times higher compared to the one obtained without the mixer. The dry matter content of the permeat after 2.5 hours of mucrofiltration was lowered by 40%.

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Vegricht Jiří ◽  
Šimon Josef ◽  
Hájek David ◽  
Bradna Jiří

Under laboratory conditions, seepage of liquid cattle manure with dry matter content of 3–8% through subsoil was studied in relation to its dry matter content and period of storage. Statistical dependence of the total amount of eluate on the dry matter has been found (P = 0.0013). A hypothesis was also confirmed that liquid cattle manure shows a sealing effect during storage. It was found that the average value of coefficient of permeability decreases as soon as 48 hours after the start of storage under the value 5.56171 × 10<sup>–6</sup> cm·s<sup>-1</sup>, which, according to peer reviewed literature, is not hazardous to the environment. The results will help in designing projects of liquid cattle manure reservoirs and assessment of their effect on the environment.


1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Cunningham ◽  
D. W. Friend ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson

Sixty-four 12- to 24-hour collections were made of digesta flowing from re-entrant ileal fistulas of two pigs used to study the digestibility and rate of passage of various materials in the proximal digestive tract. An average of 88 per cent of the digestible dry matter and 91 per cent of the digestible protein of a 20 per cent protein ration was digested in the stomach and small intestine. The ration was very finely ground and fed only for short periods. The dry matter content of the fistula digesta was considerably higher when the concentrate ration was fed than when dried skim milk powder or various soluble carbohydrates were fed. Glucose was the most completely digested of all carbohydrates tested, usually followed in decreasing order by corn starch, galactose, sucrose, lactose and potato starch. Undigested soluble carbohydrates were accompanied by large volumes of fluid which seldom exceeded isotonic concentrations. Undigested potato starch resulted in digesta which at times contained 42 per cent dry matter. Fats fed with dried skim milk were well digested with maximum digestion coefficients of 91 recorded for corn oil and 84 for tallow. There were few changes in the composition of the digesta flowing from the fistula at various times of the day but there was a significant increase (P <.01) in the protein and ash content from the first to second 6-hour interval after feeding dried skim milk.


Author(s):  
Aziz Şahin ◽  
Muzaffer Kaşıkcı

The aim of the present research was to determine the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and milk composition. Milk samples were collected in November and May in 2012. In the study, 128 milk samples from Brown Swiss cattle, divided into two groups. They were arranged from low score (≤500 000cell/ml) to high score (>500 000cell/ml) according to the Turkish Food Codex upper limit. The averages of SCC were determined as 10.444±0.073cells/ml for first group and 10.820±0.088cells/ml for second group, respectively. In the one group dry matter, non fat dry matter, fat, protein, lactose levels and standard errors were determined as 13.3±0.60%, 8.3±0.21%, 4.5±0.61%, 3.0±0.14% and 4.7±0.07%, respectively. The other group same traits were calculated 13.7±0.17%, 7.9±0.10%, 5.8±0.14%, 3.0±0.06% and 4.1±0.05%, respectively. Significant correlations were found between SCC and non fat dry matter (r=-0.109) protein (r=0.145), lactose (r=-0.490) in the second group. But, non significant correlations were determined between SCC and dry matter, non fat dry matter, fat, protein and lactose in the first group. As a result, increasing of the number of somatic cells, milk, lactose, protein, and fat-free dry matter content was determined to be significantly affected.


2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.


2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.


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