scholarly journals Microfiltration of distillery stillage: Influence of membrane pore size

2012 ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Vasic ◽  
Marina Sciban ◽  
Aleksandar Jokic ◽  
Jelena Prodanovic ◽  
Dragana Kukic
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

Stillage is one of the most polluted waste products of the food industry. Beside large volume, the stillage contains high amount of suspended solids, high values of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand, so it should not be discharged in the nature before previous purification. In this work, three ceramic membranes for microfiltration with different pore sizes were tested for stillage purification in order to find the most suitable membrane for the filtration process. Ceramic membranes with a nominal pore size of 200 nm, 450 nm and 800 nm were used for filtration. The influence of pore size on permeate flux and removal efficiency was investigated. A membrane with the pore size of 200 nm showed the best filtration performance so it was chosen for the microfiltration process.

scholarly journals Impact of Membrane Pore Size on the Clarification Performance of Grape Marc Extract by Microfiltration

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mora ◽  
Pérez ◽  
Quezada ◽  
Herrera ◽  
Cassano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Fouling Mechanism ◽  
Pore Blocking ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

The influence of membrane pore size on the permeate flux, fouling mechanism, and rejection of soluble and suspended solids, as well as of phenolics and anthocyanins, in the clarification of grape marc extract by microfiltration (MF) was studied. MF was operated by using three monotubular ceramic membranes with a pore size of 0.14, 0.2, and 0.8 µm, respectively, according to a batch concentration configuration in selected operating conditions (2.25 bar as operating pressure, 4.93 L/min as feed flow rate, and 25 °C as operating temperature). No significant differences in the permeate flux values were appreciated despite the difference in pore size. The mathematical analyses of the flux behavior revealed that intermediate pore blocking is the predominant mechanism for 0.14 and 0.2 µm membranes, whereas complete pore blocking prevails for the 0.8 µm membrane. Differences in the fouling mechanism were associated with differences in the total phenols rejection: the highest rejection was observed for the 0.8 µm membrane followed by 0.2 and 0.14 µm membranes. All selected membranes showed low rejection of sugars, with values lower than 10%, and no retention towards anthocyanins. All the clarified extracts showed a turbidity lower than 4.87 NTU. Based on the experimental results, the 0.14 µm membrane appeared as the best option for the clarification of grape marc extract.

Performance and fouling characteristics of different pore-sized submerged ceramic membrane bioreactors (SCMBR)

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2213-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Jin ◽  
How Yong Ng ◽  
Say Leong Ong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

The membrane bioreactor (MBR), a combination of activated sludge process and the membrane separation system, has been widely used in wastewater treatment. However, 90% of MBR reported were employing polymeric membranes. The usage of ceramic membranes in MBR is quite rare. Four submerged ceramic membrane bioreactors (SCMBRs) with different membrane pore size were used in this study to treat sewage. The results showed that the desirable carbonaceous removal of 95% and ammonia nitrogen removal of 98% were obtained for all the SCMBRs. It was also showed that the ceramic membranes were able to reject some portions of the protein and carbohydrate, whereby the carbohydrate rejection rate was much higher than that of protein. Membrane pore size did not significantly affect the COD and TOC removal efficiencies, the composition of EPS and SMP or the membrane rejection rate, although slight differences were observed. The SCMBR with the biggest membrane pore size fouled fastest, and membrane pore size was a main contributor for the different fouling potential observed.

scholarly journals Effect of carbon nanotubes loading and pressure on the performance of a polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mlungisi Martin Ngoma ◽  
Machodi Mathaba ◽  
Kapil Moothi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Membrane Pore Size ◽  
Stirred Cell ◽  
Pes Membrane

AbstractThis paper focuses on modifying a PES membrane with acid-functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNT) for industrial wastewater treatment. Embedding acid functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the membrane matrix would increase the membrane flux by increasing the membrane pore size and surface area, rejection and thermal stability. Pure PES membranes were prepared by phase inversion method and infused with CNTs at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% loading to fabricate PES/2.5 wt% CNT, PES/5 wt% CNT, PES/7.5 wt% CNT and PES/10 wt% CNT membranes respectively. Characterisation was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine CNT morphology, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the functional groups attached to CNTs, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal stability of the membranes, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine membrane morphology, Bunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method to obtain pore size information and Contact Angle (CA) to determine the membrane hydrophilicity. Membrane performance was then evaluated with a dead-end stirred cell using industrial wastewater containing traces of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Cl. Permeate flux results showed a direct proportion relationship with increasing CNT loading and increasing pressure (100 kPa, 300 kPa, 500 kPa, 700 kPa, 900 kPa and 1100 kPa). PES/5 wt% CNT membrane showed the most enhanced performance compared to the other membranes, achieving reasonably high flux of 43.7 L/m2h and rejection of 89.6% Cu, 100% Fe, 90.5% Ni, 68.8% Zn and 99.99% Cl at 300 kPa. The results obtained showed that the PES membrane embedded with functionalised CNTs could be used for the treatment of industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Research of performance characteristics of membrane modules for wastewater treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Makisha
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Filtration Membranes ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Membrane Modules ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

Introduction. The study focuses on the operation of a standalone membrane bioreactor applicable as an alternative to submerged membrane modules widely used as part of small capacity wastewater treatment facilities. Materials and methods. An ultra-filtration membrane was used to perform the research in a laboratory environment. The liquid, exposed to research, represented synthetic wastewater, whose composition was similar to the one of urban wastewaters, and it had varied concentrations of suspended solids (MLSS). The membrane element, produced by Raifil (Republic of Korea), that has capillary ultra-filtration membranes, was used in the experiments. The membrane pore size is 1 micron. The total membrane filter area is one square meter. This membrane module has standard characteristics (pore size, material), typical for ultra-filtration membranes; therefore, we can assume that any further results will not demonstrate any substantial discrepancies, if ultra-filtration membranes made by other manufacturers are used to conduct experiments. Results. The author describes a methodology for the optimization of pressure and MLSS values used in the process of membrane treatment. The author obtained the pressure values at which the amount of suspended solids in the filtered material shows a sharp rise, which means a slip of suspended solids into the filtrate, or a slip of contaminants. The author also identified the operating parameters that ensure maximal capacity. Conclusions. These findings help to outline a roadmap for further research into the optimization of membrane bioreactors (both standalone and submerged units) used in wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of Membrane Properties on Pineapple Wine Clarification and Fouling Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Youravong ◽  
M. Phukdeekhong ◽  
P. Taksinpatanapong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Membrane Pore Size ◽  
Stirred Cell

The experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of membrane pore size and hydrophobicity on the quality of clarified pineapple wine and fouling characteristics, using stirred cell dead–end microfiltration. The test membranes were mixed cellulose acetate (MCE, pore size 0.45 and 0.22 μm), modified polyvinylidene fluoride (MPVDF, 0.22 μm) and polyethersulfone (PESF, 0.22 μm). It was found that all types of membrane successfully clarified the pineapple wine. The membrane pore size and hydrophobicity played an importance role in membrane fouling, both reversible and irreversible. Regarding the permeate flux and fouling, 0.45 μm MCE was the most suitable for pineapple wine clarification. However, intensive organoleptic test with pilot scale would be needed.

scholarly journals Optimization of protein fractionation by skim milk microfiltration: Choice of ceramic membrane pore size and filtration temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 6164-6179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Elise Jørgensen ◽  
Roger K. Abrahamsen ◽  
Elling-Olav Rukke ◽  
Anne-Grethe Johansen ◽  
Reidar B. Schüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Protein Fractionation ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

Relationship between Cake Structure and Membrane Pore Size in Crossflow Filtration of Microbial Cell Suspension Containing Fine Particles

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1524-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKAAKI TANAKA ◽  
YOSHINOBU YAMAGIWA ◽  
TETSUYA NAGANO ◽  
MASAYUKI TANIGUCHI ◽  
KAZUHIRO NAKANISHI
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Crossflow Filtration ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

scholarly journals Cold Sterilization of Coconut Water Using Membrane Filtration: Effect of Membrane Property and Operating Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Laorko ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
W. Youravong ◽  
S. Tongjitpakdee ◽  
S. Chantachum
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Uf Membranes

Coconut water has been considered as a nutritional, refreshing and highly isotonic beverage with delicate aroma and flavor. In food sterilization technique, thermal processing, however tends to reduce these beneficial properties especially estrogen hormone and flavor. To overcome this limitation, this study therefore aimed to clarified and sterilized coconut water using non–thermal processing, membrane filtration. Hollow fiber microfiltration (MF) membrane with pore size of 0.1 and 0.2 μm and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with molecular weight cut–off (MWCO) of 100 and 30 kDa were used. The effect of membrane pore size and MWCO on quality of clarified juice, permeate flux and fouling were studied. It was found that fresh coconut water and clarified coconut water obtained from MF and UF did not show difference in pH, total soluble solid, reducing sugar, estrogen hormone and minerals including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium. The results from microbiological analysis of the clarified coconut water showed that sterilized of coconut water was obtained using either MF or UF membranes. This microbiological quality of clarified coconut water was met the Thai legislation for juice and drinks. The permeate flux of MF was much higher than those of UF while the fouling resistance of UF membrane was much higher than those of MF membrane. The permeate flux of membrane with pore size of 0.1 £gm was slightly lower than that of membrane with pore size of 0.2 μm. The results also indicated that the major fouling of both MF and UF membranes was reversible. The irreversible fouling resistance of 0.1 μm membrane was the lowest and most of this irreversible fouling was external irreversible fouling, formed on the membrane surface. According to these results, it could be concluded that 0.1 μm membrane was the most suitable membrane for clarification and sterilization of coconut water. In addition, the effects of TMP, cross flow velocity (CFV) and the % recovery on permeate flux in batch concentration mode were also studied. It was found that the permeate flux of 0.1 μm membrane was significantly increased with increasing CFV and decreased as % recovery increased. These results suggested that permeate flux during MF of coconut water was dependent on reversible fouling and could be improved by using hydrodynamic modification techniques.

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