Advantages and difficulties of brush cytology in the identification of early oral cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smaroula Divani ◽  
Maria Exarhou ◽  
Theodorou Leonidas-Nectarios ◽  
Dimitrios Georgantzis ◽  
Haralambos Skoulakis
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Brush Cytology ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Oral Cytology

Background: Early oral cancer is asymptomatic and highly curable, but unfortunately most cancers are advanced by the time when they are discovered, so the mortality is relatively high. The aim of this study was to refer the advantages as well as the difficulties of brush cytology in the identification of early oral cancer. Methods: Cytological smears obtained from of the oral mucosa of 36 patients were evaluated. The materials were taken with a cytobrush by scraping the surface of the suspected lesions, fixed with cytospray fixative and stained with the Papanicolaou method, whereas the residual was prepared by the liquid-based technique Thin-Prep 2000. Results: There were 29 inflammatory and mild dysplastic lesions, three cases with mild dysplasia only and two cases with severe dysplasia possible carcinoma. Another two showed squamous cell carcinoma. Histological examination of possible malignant and malignant cases showed well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, so wide excisions were performed. Conclusion: Oral cytology is well accepted by the patient and attractive option for the early diagnosis of the oral cancer. It is useful when the lesion is large or multiple or the patients refuse biopsy. However there are factors that contribute to a false negative diagnosis such as the selection of the site of biopsy, necrosis, blood crusting, lack of adequate training, and the fact that malignant features of squamous cell carcinoma can be subtle resembling dysplasia.

scholarly journals Assessment of Contralateral Biopsy Technique for Improving Tissue Changes in Patients with Tongue Malignancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (D) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Nawres Alhatab ◽  
Muntathar Muhsen Abusanna ◽  
Hydar Salih
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Age Range

Background: Oral cancer is one of the most common type of head and neck cancer, with a 5 year survival rate of < 50%. One of the major problems of oral cancer include the late stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. Mirror image biopsy is a new technique that can be used for detection of early changes in the oral mucosa. Aim of the study: To histologically assess the reflect copy biopsy occupied from clinically usual observing mucosa at consistent contralateral  anatomical place to the main lesion in patients identified with tongue squamous cell carcinoma to notice any indication of arena alteration in oral mucosa. Materials and methods: Seven patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue underwent reflect copy biopsy from clinically usual observing mucosa at consistent contralateral anatomical place to the main lesion. The reflect copy biopsy example were exposed to histopathological check. Results: of the seven patients included, four were male and three were female, with an age range from 45 years to 64 years (median 54.5 years). One of the biopsies revealed severe dysplasia and six-revealed hyperplasia of the epithelium. Conclusion: Mirror image biopsy is a useful tool to detect the early field changes in oral mucosa in order to prevent further progression to oral cancer.

scholarly journals A Study Demographic, Histopathological Patterns and Clinical Profile of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in East Java, Indonesia: A Hospital-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-970
Author(s):  
Kania Difa Parama ◽  
Nina Irawati ◽  
Sunarto Reksoprawiro ◽  
Sahudi
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Common Site ◽  
The World ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background. Cancer remains a health problem in the world. Estimated 12,7 million new case and 7,6 deaths cause of cancer each year. Oral carcinoma is one of head and neck carcinoma. Oral carcinoma is 6th the most cancer in the world and 90% of the cases are squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this research is to study the clinic-epidemiological profile among Indonesian patients associated with oral cancer cases managed in Head and Neck Surgery Unit of Dr Soetomo General Hospital between January 2013- December 2016.Methods. Records of 116 cases were reviewed for clinical details, histopathological data, and follow-up status. Study variables included demographic factor, modifiable risk factors such as tobacco usage and alcohol consumption, site involved, staging, histopathological result, and treatment modalities. Data was presented in form of percentages and proportions.Results. Out of the total 116 cases, majority of the subjects were above 40 years old. Twenty-two (22%) of subjects were young adult (below 40 years old). Seventy-seven subjects (77 %) were male. It was observed that 16 cases (21%) of male subjects was a smoker before they had disease. No female subject consumed tobacco in all form or drinking alcohol. The most common site involved was tongue, followed by lower ginggivo-buccal complex. Histopathologically, 110 cases (95%) was well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Most of the cases (88.8 %) were in advanced stage (stage III or IV) and were treated with surgery followed by adjuvant therapy.Conclusions. The most common site for oral cancer was tongue and majority of the cases were well-differentiated squamous cancer presented in advanced stage of disease. We observed that alcohol consumption and smoking did not have any role in causing oral cancer in women, therefore further study needed to evaluate other possible factors such as diet pattern and oral hygiene. Cigarette smoking might be the cause of oral cancer in male patients.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Gracia ◽  
Totok Utoro ◽  
Supriatno Supriatno ◽  
Indwiani Astuti ◽  
Didik Setyo Heriyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiologic Profile ◽  
Well Differentiated

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Oral cancer is a major health problem in the world, indicated by a high incidence of recurrence. In Southeast Asia, oral cancer ranks sixth from all cancers on the human body. The incidence of oral cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma types, increases every year, but the prognosis and patients life expectancy are still unsatisfying enough and the reports about the profile of oral cancer is still limited.The objective of this research was to get the epidemiological profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: The research method was observational analytic with cross-sectional design. All new OSCC cases in three anatomic pathology laboratory installations in Yogyakarta (January 2011-December 2015) were included in this study. Data collected were gender, age, anatomical location, and histology. All data were analyzed using statistical analysis program. Results: OSCC new cases amount increasing each year: 6 cases (6.6%) in 2011, and increased to 24 cases (26.4%) in 2015. Fifty-two of the 91 cases (57.1%) were found on male. The age group with the most cases was found in group of 41-60 years (49.5%). There is no difference in the case distribution by age between male and female. Forty-eight cases were found in the lingual part (52.7%). Histological examination showed 68 cases (74.7%) were well-differentiated carcinoma. Conclusion: OSCC profile in Yogyakarta mostly found in men with anatomical location in the lingual part in the age group above 40 years of age and were having well-differentiated histology.Keywords: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), Epidemiologic profile, Yogyakarta 

scholarly journals Epidemiologic profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Gracia ◽  
Totok Utoro ◽  
Supriatno S. ◽  
Indwiani Astuti ◽  
Didik Setyo Heriyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiologic Profile ◽  
Well Differentiated

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Oral cancer is a major health problem in the world, indicated by a high incidence of recurrence. In Southeast Asia, oral cancer ranks sixth from all cancers on the human body. The incidence of oral cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma types, increases every year, but the prognosis and patients life expectancy are still unsatisfying enough and the reports about the profile of oral cancer is still limited.The objective of this research was to get the epidemiological profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: The research method was observational analytic with cross-sectional design. All new OSCC cases in three anatomic pathology laboratory installations in Yogyakarta (January 2011-December 2015) were included in this study. Data collected were gender, age, anatomical location, and histology. All data were analyzed using statistical analysis program. Results: OSCC new cases amount increasing each year: 6 cases (6.6%) in 2011, and increased to 24 cases (26.4%) in 2015. Fifty-two of the 91 cases (57.1%) were found on male. The age group with the most cases was found in group of 41-60 years (49.5%). There is no difference in the case distribution by age between male and female. Forty-eight cases were found in the lingual part (52.7%). Histological examination showed 68 cases (74.7%) were well-differentiated carcinoma. Conclusion: OSCC profile in Yogyakarta mostly found in men with anatomical location in the lingual part in the age group above 40 years of age and were having well-differentiated histology.Keywords: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), Epidemiologic profile, Yogyakarta 

Zinc α-2 Glycoprotein (ZAG) a Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Feroz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Constant Stimulus ◽  
Dysplastic Lesion ◽  
Cancerous Lesion

Oral cancer, the most challenging and life threatening disease in the field of dentistry, may start as a reactive lesion due to constant stimulus from tobacco consumption, transform into a pre-malignant lesion (dysplastic lesion) and ultimately develop into a cancerous lesion (Invasive carcinoma). There is a fundamental revolution taking place in the analyzing methods; extraction of biological protein from the saliva rather than from tissues or blood. Several of the biomarkers have been studied with pro-carcinogenic effects like Interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leptin, but only a few have been stated in the literature, which show anti-cancer characteristics like adiponectin and zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein. This review explored the diagnostic and prognostic values of a biomarkers zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG) in adults suspected of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched for scientific studies reported on the potential mechanism of zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein. All the research articles were selected in which ZAG is applied solely or in conjunction with other biomarkers in oral cancer and other cancers. These literatures were carefully assessed to find out and compile the diagnostic and prognostic values and to inquire therapeutic action of ZAG in the process of carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arising in hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1984735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine F Roy ◽  
Simon F Roy ◽  
Feras M Ghazawi ◽  
Erica Patocskai ◽  
Annie Bélisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

We present a case of a 64-year-old man who presented with a rapidly growing tumor in the left buttock and intergluteal cleft area, which was affected by hidradenitis suppurativa. The patient was on tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors for hidradenitis suppurativa for 2 years prior to the development of the mass. Initial biopsy of the mass showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with spindle cells and positive epithelial immunomarkers. Subsequent excisional biopsy of the tumor showed an infiltrating poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma composed of islands of atypical sarcomatoid spindle cells. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in hidradenitis suppurativa is a rare complication which may occur secondary to chronic inflammation and epidermal hyperproliferation in hidradenitis suppurativa–affected areas.

scholarly journals Downregulation of ceramide synthase 1 promotes oral cancer through endoplasmic reticulum stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
Chenzhou Wu ◽  
Yafei Chen ◽  
Yuhao Guo ◽  
Ling Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Ceramide Synthase

AbstractC18 ceramide plays an important role in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the function of ceramide synthase 1, a key enzyme in C18 ceramide synthesis, in oral squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between ceramide synthase 1 and oral cancer. In this study, we found that the expression of ceramide synthase 1 was downregulated in oral cancer tissues and cell lines. In a mouse oral squamous cell carcinoma model induced by 4-nitroquinolin-1-oxide, ceramide synthase 1 knockout was associated with the severity of oral malignant transformation. Immunohistochemical studies showed significant upregulation of PCNA, MMP2, MMP9, and BCL2 expression and downregulation of BAX expression in the pathological hyperplastic area. In addition, ceramide synthase 1 knockdown promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Overexpression of CERS1 obtained the opposite effect. Ceramide synthase 1 knockdown caused endoplasmic reticulum stress and induced the VEGFA upregulation. Activating transcription factor 4 is responsible for ceramide synthase 1 knockdown caused VEGFA transcriptional upregulation. In addition, mild endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by ceramide synthase 1 knockdown could induce cisplatin resistance. Taken together, our study suggests that ceramide synthase 1 is downregulated in oral cancer and promotes the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma and chemotherapeutic drug resistance.

Oral Cancer: Raising Awareness of the Importance of Suspicion in Early Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Farooq Ahmed ◽  
Honieh Bolooki ◽  
Senathrajah Ariyaratnam ◽  
Michael N. Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Verrucous Carcinoma ◽  
Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Suspicious Lesions

Oral cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this article we present two cases of potentially innocuous looking lesions, initially thought to be traumatic in origin, but later diagnosed as cancer. The first patient presented with a persistent laceration thought to be caused by an accidental shaving injury, which was subsequently diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. The second patient presented with a hyperplastic mucosal lesion, suspected as forming due to denture-clasp irritation, which was subsequently diagnosed as proliferative verrucous carcinoma. The importance of early detection and palpation of suspicious lesions is emphasised in this article.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of Ca cervix postoperative: An institutional study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Length ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Carcinoma Of Cervix ◽  
Well Differentiated

Introduction: Carcinoma of cervix is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and in developing countries like India. Cervical cancer is third most common cancer among women however there is a good chance of curability if diagnosed in early stage. Materials and Methods: We had analysed 78 patient of carcinoma of cervix post op who were registered from 2012 to 2015 at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences. Results: We analysed 78 patients between age of 32-70 years and median age is 50 year. Among all patients squamous cell carcinoma is most common (65 patient), adenocarcinoma were 12 and lieomyosarcoma was 1 patient. Among all patient 12 were of adenocarcinoma, 1 of lieomyosarcoma and 65 patient of squamous cell carcinoma. On examination 55 patients were NAD and 23 were residual. Among squamous cell carcinoma 35 were moderate differentiated, 18 were well differentiated and 12 were of poorly differentiated. On examination 55 patients were NAD rest were having disease. Gap between EBRT and SORBO ranging from 3 to 99 days and median is 27 days and median is 29 days. Treatment length varies from 4 cm to 8 cm and median is 6 cm. Ovoide size ranges from 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm and median is 2.5 cm. Dose per fraction ranges from 5 Gy to 9 Gy and median was 9 Gy. Median fraction of session were 2. Out of 78 patients 2 were developed metastasis and 6 having residual disease. 28 patients were NAD and rest were referral and send back to parent hospital. Conclusion: Due to lack of resources and awareness of disease maximum number of patient presented with advanced stage. The recommended treatment time could not be achieved due to scarcity of cancer centres, treatment time is prolonged. We have not found any relation between treatment length and outcome. We are still investigating to conclude to found out relation among these variables.

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