scholarly journals Micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in healthy tobacco chewers and controls: A study from Gujarat, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Patel ◽  
Pina Trivedi ◽  
Manisha Brahmbhatt ◽  
Shilin Shukla ◽  
Pankaj Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Arbitrary Unit ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Cancer Prediction

Background: Tobacco chewing is attributed to oral cancer. Prediction of cancer development by genotoxicity analysis is a major challenge to identify tobacco users at greater risk. Therefore, present study aimed to analyze tobacco related genotoxic effects in chewers monitoring micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA). The biomarkers were compared with non chewer to (i) predict risk for genotoxicity, (ii) estimate synergistic effect of tobacco exposure with level of biomarkers, and (iii) identify best cellular site of measurements for genotoxicity assessment. Methods: Healthy tobacco chewers (n=47); and controls (n=48) were enrolled in the study. The peripheral blood lymphocyte and exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were studied for CA and micro nucleated cell count (MNC) respectively. An arbitrary unit was obtained for Lifetime Tobacco Exposure (LTE) using frequency/day multiplied by duration of years of tobacco use. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: MNC was significantly higher (p=0.001) in chewers than controls. CA was higher in chewers than controls. MNC can differentiate higher tobacco exposure in chewers than CA. Controls having MNC above cutoff level have greater risk of genotoxic exposition (95% C.I.; 1.462-23.26, p=0.012). Conclusion: The present study concludes that MNC is a better surrogate biomarker to predict genotoxicity than CA for tobacco exposure and DNA damage index in tobacco chewers.

scholarly journals The role of nucleotide excision repair in protecting embryonic stem cells from genotoxic effects of UV-induced DNA damage

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (16) ◽  
pp. 3276-3282 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. H. Van Sloun ◽  
J. G. Jansen ◽  
G. Weeda ◽  
L. H. F. Mullenders ◽  
A. A. van Zeeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Nucleotide Excision

DNA damage response and repair in pancreatic cancer development and therapy

DNA Repair ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 103116
Author(s):  
Parnia Rahnamay Farnood ◽  
Romina Danesh Pazhooh ◽  
Zatollah Asemi ◽  
Bahman Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Damage Response

scholarly journals Nuclear Damage in Peripheral Erythrocytes of Cyprinus Carpio Exposed to Binary Mixture of Pesticides

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Faiza Ambreen ◽  
Muhammad Javed
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Static System ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Long Duration

The present study was undertaken to examine the DNA damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio under the binary exposure of bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos by using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Limited efforts have been made to study the genotoxic effect for long duration period. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to assess the genotoxicity of pesticide mixture to the freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio at sub-lethal concentration exposure (33% LC50). At first 96-hr LC50 value of pesticide, the mixture was determined for Cyprinus carpio in a static system and then sub-lethal concentration was calculated and fish was exposed to this sub-lethal concentration of the mixture in glass aquaria for 70 days (five fortnights) at constant laboratory conditions. Peripheral blood erythrocytes were taken on a fortnightly basis for the time-dependent DNA damage assessment in-terms of percentage of damaged cells, genetic damage index and a cumulative tail length of comets. Concentration-dependent increase in the percentage of DNA damaged cells were observed up to a 4th fortnight, followed by a slight decrease in the 5th fortnight. Similarly, statistically significant time-dependent DNA damage was observed in terms of percentage of damaged cells, genetic damage index and a cumulative tail length of comets in treated fish (at 33% of LC50) as compared to control groups. The results supported the use of SCGE for evaluating the toxicity of pollutants which may be used as part of environmental monitoring programs.

scholarly journals Isochorismatase domain-containing protein 1 (ISOC1) participates in DNA damage repair and inflammation-related pathways to promote lung cancer development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1444-1456
Author(s):  
Jinghan Shi ◽  
Fujun Yang ◽  
Nanfeng Zhou ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Yanfeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Damage Repair ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Damage Repair

Assessment of ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in Daphnia magna: life-history traits, biochemical and genotoxic effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nunes ◽  
C. Leal ◽  
S. Rodrigues ◽  
S. C. Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Life History ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Life History Parameters

Abstract Antibiotics (e.g. ciprofloxacin) have been detected in surface water and groundwater for several decades. In order to understand the potential impact of the continuous exposure of aquatic organisms to ciprofloxacin, a chronic assay was carried out with Daphnia magna. This approach allowed evaluation of the effects of ciprofloxacin on life-history and sub-individual parameters (antioxidant status and metabolic response: activities of catalase and glutathione S-transferases – GSTs; peroxidative damage; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and genotoxic effects (genetic damage index, measured by the comet assay). Life-history parameters of D. magna showed no significant effects after ciprofloxacin exposure. Concerning oxidative stress and metabolism parameters, no significant alterations were reported for catalase and GSTs activities. However, a dual response was observed, with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation levels at low ciprofloxacin concentrations (<0.013 mg/L), while a significant increase was verified at high ciprofloxacin concentrations (0.078 mg/L). The genotoxicity assay detected a significant increase in genetic damage index up to 0.013 mg/L of ciprofloxacin. The here-tested ciprofloxacin concentrations, which are ecologically relevant, did not cause significant impacts concerning the life-history parameters of D. magna; however, at the same levels of ciprofloxacin an oxidative stress and genotoxic damage scenarios were recorded.

Inflammation and oxidatively induced DNA damage: A synergy leading to cancer development

Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Ioanna Tremi ◽  
Somaira Nowsheen ◽  
Khaled Aziz ◽  
Shankar Siva ◽  
Jessica Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cancer Development

4β-Hydroxywithanolide E selectively induces oxidative DNA damage for selective killing of oral cancer cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Yang Tang ◽  
Hurng-Wern Huang ◽  
Hui-Ru Wang ◽  
Ya-Ching Chan ◽  
Jo-Wen Haung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Oral Cancer Cells

PARP inhibitor Olaparib Enhances the Apoptotic Potentiality of Curcumin by Increasing the DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells through Inhibition of BER Cascade

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2091-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefinew Molla ◽  
Krushna Chandra Hembram ◽  
Subhajit Chatterjee ◽  
Deepika Nayak ◽  
Chinmayee Sethy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Parp Inhibitor ◽  
Oral Cancer Cells
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