scholarly journals Changes of biochemical parameters in rat intestinal mucosa induced by methotrexate and effects of enteral administration of glutamine

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katica Bajin-Katic ◽  
Karmen Stankov ◽  
Zoran Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Regeneration Time ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Previously Treated

BACKGROUND: Rapidly proliferating crypt cells of the intestinal epithelium, the precursors of the mature enterocytes, are extremely sensitive to the effects of cytostatic agents. We investigated the effects of the methotrexate on rat intestinal mucosa in order to get the information on biochemical indicators of intestinal damage. METHODS: Biochemical parameters were investigated in isolated intestinal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats, previously treated with methotrexate by intraperitoneal administration. Glutamine was dissolved in water and administered orally. RESULTS: The activity of glutaminase and alkaline phosphatase showed the enzymatic response to different doses of methotrexate. The activity of both enzymes was significantly lower in the mucosa of treated animals, compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Minimal mucosal damage and regeneration time is dose dependent and influenced by the dosage schedule of antitumor therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of polaprezinc on gastric mucosal damage and neurotransmitters in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced vomiting

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2436-2444
Author(s):  
Zhao Yang Liu ◽  
Wen Bo Xie ◽  
Ming Ru Li ◽  
Nan Teng ◽  
Xiao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Brain Tissues

Objective To investigate the effects of polaprezinc (PZ) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)- or cisplatin (DDP)-induced gastric mucosal injury and on a rat model of neurotransmitter-mediated vomiting. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were divided at random into Control, CTX, DDP, PZ+CTX, and PZ+DDP groups. After 20 days, brain tissues and sera were analyzed for the levels of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of stomach, intestine, and brain tissues were examined using light microscopy. Results The levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in brain and serum samples of rats treated with CTX or DDP were significantly increased compared with those of rats in the Control group. There was a significant decrease in these values in the PZ group. Moreover, PZ reduced damage to brain tissue caused by CTX or DDP. Conclusions PZ decreased the levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in blood and brain tissues caused by CTX or DDP and reduced the chemotherapy-induced damage to the small intestine, stomach, and brain. These findings can be translated to the clinic to enhance the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy.

Effects of xylene and formaldehyde inhalations on renal oxidative stress and some serum biochemical parameters in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavit Kum ◽  
Selim Sekkin ◽  
Funda Kiral ◽  
Ferda Akar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Group 2

In this study, it was aimed to demonstrate the possible renal oxidative stress and some serum biochemical parameters and their alterations caused by the exposure to xylene and formaldehyde (HCHO) in rats. Weighing 150—200 g, 12-week-old, 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (300-ppm technical xylene), Group 3 (6-ppm HCHO) and Group 4 (150-ppm technical xylene + 3-ppm HCHO). The animals were exposed to gases eight hours per day for six weeks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. In addition, serum total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine levels were evaluated. Compared with the control animals, urea levels increased significantly in all groups ( P < 0.001). GSH activities and MDA levels increased in xylene and xylene + HCHO groups ( P < 0.05). No statistically considerable differences were found in SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities, total protein, albumin and creatinine levels among all groups ( P > 0.05). The present study indicates but not statistically confirms the renal toxicity of the exposures to xylene, HCHO and a mixture of them.

scholarly journals Reduction of the sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration induced by methadone, tramadol, butorphanol and morphine in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Abreu ◽  
Delia Aguado ◽  
Javier Benito ◽  
Ignacio A Gómez de Segura
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study aimed to estimate the reduction in the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane induced by low and high doses of methadone (5 and 10 mg/kg), tramadol (25 and 50 mg/kg), butorphanol (5 and 10 mg/kg) or morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg) in the rat. A control group received normal saline. Sixty-three adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized with sevoflurane ( n = 7 per group). Sevoflurane MAC was then determined before and after intraperitoneal administration of the opioids or saline. The duration of the sevoflurane MAC reduction and basic cardiovascular and respiratory measurements were also recorded. The baseline MAC was 2.5 (0.3) vol%. Methadone, tramadol and morphine reduced the sevoflurane MAC (low dose: 31 ± 10, 38 ± 15 and 30 ± 13% respectively; high dose: 100 ± 0, 83 ± 17 and 77 ± 25%, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner. The low and high doses of butorphanol reduced the sevoflurane MAC to a similar extent (33 ± 7 and 31 ± 4%, low and high doses, respectively). Two rats developed apnoea following administration of high-dose butorphanol and methadone. These anaesthetic-sparing effects are clinically relevant and may reduce the adverse effects associated with higher doses of inhalational anaesthetics.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1645
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Liu ◽  
Xiong Xue ◽  
Junsheng Tian ◽  
Xuemei Qin ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The objectives of this study were to compare the antidepressant effects between endurance and resistance exercise for optimizing interventions and examine the metabolomic changes in different types of skeletal muscles in response to the exercise, using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. There were 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (C) and 3 experimental groups: CUMS control (D), endurance exercise (E), and resistance exercise (R). Group E underwent 30 min treadmill running, and group R performed 8 rounds of ladder climbing, 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were performed pre and post the intervention period for changes in depressant symptoms, and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled after the intervention for metabolomic analysis using the 1H-NMR technique. The results showed that both types of exercise effectively improved the depression-like symptoms, and the endurance exercise appeared to have a better effect. The levels of 10 metabolites from the gastrocnemius and 13 metabolites from the soleus of group D were found to be significantly different from that of group C, and both types of exercise had a callback effect on these metabolites, indicating that a number of metabolic pathways were involved in the depression and responded to the exercise interventions.

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation by Aldosterone or Corticosterone Induces Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction and Proteinuria

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 723-723
Author(s):  
Qing-Feng Tao ◽  
Diego Martinez vasquez ◽  
Ricardo Rocha ◽  
Gordon H Williams ◽  
Gail K Adler
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

P165 Aldosterone through its interaction with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays a critical role in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular injury (CVI). Normally, MR is protected by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) which inactivates glucocorticoids preventing their binding to MR. We hypothesis that if activation of MR by either aldosterone or glucocorticoids induces hypertension and CVI, then the inhibition of 11β-HSD with glycyrrhizin (GA), a natural inhibitor of 11β-HSD, should induce damage similar to that observed with aldosterone. Sprague-Dawley rats were uninephrectomized, and treated for 4 weeks with 1% NaCl (in drinking water) for the control group, 1% NaCl + aldosterone infusion (0.75 μg/h), or 1% NaCl + GA (3.5 g/l in drinking water). After 4 weeks, aldosterone and GA caused significant increases in blood pressure compared to control rats ([mean ± SEM] 211± 9, 205 ± 12, 120 ± 9 mmHg, respectively, p<0.001). Both aldosterone- and GA-treated rats had a significant increase in proteinuria (152.2 ± 8.7 and 107.7 ± 19.5 mg/d, respectively) versus controls (51.2 ± 9.5 mg/d). There was a significant increase (p<0.001) in heart to body weight ratio in the rats treated with aldosterone or GA compared with control (3.92 ± 0.10, 3.98 ± 0.88, and 3.24 ± 0.92 mg/g, respectively). Hearts of GA and aldosterone treated rats showed similar histological changes consisting of biventricular myocardial necrosis and fibrinoid necrosis of small coronary arteries and arterioles. These data suggests that in rodents activation of MR by either aldosterone or corticosterone leads to severe hypertension, vascular injury, proteinuria and myocardial infarction. Thus, 11β-HSD plays an important role in protecting the organism from injury.

scholarly journals Synergistic suppression of pre-perfusion of donor livers with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment on hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohua Zhu ◽  
Chuanming Tong ◽  
Weitao Guo ◽  
Rong Pu ◽  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Hyperacute Rejection ◽  
Cobra Venom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Cobra Venom Factor ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE: To investigate synergistic suppression of donor liver pre-perfusion with recipient serum (RS) and cobra venom factor (CVF) treatment on hyperacute rejection (HAR) following liver xenotransplantation. METHODS: Guinea-pigs (GP, n=24) and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, n=24) were recruited. Before transplantation, serum was collected from SD rats and used for preparation of inactivated complements. GP and SD rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6), respectively: RS group, CVF group, RS+CVF group and control group. Orthotopic liver xenotransplantation was performed with modified two-cuff technique. The survival time and liver function of recipients, morphological and pathological changes in rat livers were investigated. RESULTS: There was no piebald like change in the recipient livers in all experiment groups. The survival time of recipients in all experiment groups was longer than that in control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the survival time in the RS+CVF group was markedly longer than that in the RS group (p<0.01) and CVF group (p<0.05). The serum ALT level in all experiment groups were lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the ALT level in the RS+CVF group was significantly lower than that in the CVF group (p<0.05) and RS group (p<0.01). The histological damages were significantly improved when compared with the control group, and the histological damages in the RS+CVF group were milder than those in the remaining groups (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Pre-perfusion of donor liver with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment can exert synergistic suppressive effects on the hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation.

Electroacupuncture at Zusanli Rescues the Enteric Neuronal Loss in the Stomach of Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Hu ◽  
Fan Du ◽  
Shi Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Zusanli Acupoint

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli acupoint on the enteric neuropathy in diabetic rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into different groups depending on the total electroacupuncture span and frequency. The expression of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), and doublecortin was significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared with the control group. Long-term electroacupuncture at Zusanli with either high frequency or low frequency could increase the expression levels of nNOS, CHAT, PGP9.5, and doublecortin, and the increase was greater in the high-frequency group. But no obvious changes were seen in the short-term electroacupuncture groups. These results suggest that electroacupuncture at Zusanli can restore the deficiency of enteric neurons in diabetes partly but a comparative long duration of stimuli (6 weeks) is required. The increase of doublecortin may be involved in this positive process.

Vagal stimulation-induced gastric damage in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (1) ◽  
pp. G104-G110
Author(s):  
L. E. Hierlihy ◽  
J. L. Wallace ◽  
A. V. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Gastric Damage ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of the vagus nerve in the development of gastric mucosal damage was examined in urethan-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Electrical stimulation was applied to the vagus nerves for a period of 60 min, after which macroscopic gastric damage was scored and samples of the stomach were fixed for later histological assessment. Damage scores were assigned blindly based on a 0 (normal) to 3 (severe) scale. Stimulation of vagal afferents or efferents in isolation did not result in significant damage to the gastric mucosa (P greater than 0.1). In contrast, stimulation of both intact vagus nerves resulted in significant gastric mucosal damage (mean damage score, 2.0 +/- 0.33, P less than 0.01). A second series of experiments demonstrated this gastric damage to be induced within 30-60 min; extending the stimulation period to 120 min did not worsen the gastric damage scores significantly (P greater than 0.1). In a third study, stimulation of both intact vagus nerves after paraventricular nucleus (PVN) lesion resulted in damage scores (0.33 +/- 0.17) that were significantly reduced compared with intact PVN and non-PVN-lesioned animals (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that the development of vagal stimulation-induced gastric damage requires the activation of both afferent and efferent vagal components and suggest further that such damage is dependent upon an intact PVN.

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