scholarly journals Galectin-3: A promising marker of thyroid malignancy

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-186
Author(s):  
Dubravka Cvejic ◽  
Svetlana Savin-Zegarac ◽  
Ivan Paunovic ◽  
Svetislav Tatic ◽  
Marija Havelka
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Malignancy ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Thyroid Epithelium

Background: Galectin-3 is an endogenous beta-galactoside binding lectin implicated in neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. High levels of this lectin have recently been found in malignant thyroid tumors, but not in normal or benign thyroid tissue, suggesting galectin-3 as a promising presurgical marker of thyroid malignancy. Methods: We analyzed immunohistochemically galectin-3 expression in thyroid tissue using a monoclonal antibody. The total of 108 tissue specimens included 55 cases of thyroid carcinoma (30 papillary, 15 follicular, and 10 anaplastic type), 15 samples of follicular adenoma, 15 samples of normal thyroid tissue, and 23 thyroid tissue specimens from human fetuses (16 to 37 weeks of intrauterine life). Results: The results showed galectin-3 expression in 20/30 papillary carcinomas, 11/15 follicular carcinomas, 10/10 anaplastic carcinomas, and 4/15 follicular adenomas. Thyroid follicular cells in normal adult and fetal tissue were negative. Conclusions: These results further confirm that galectin-3 expression is a feature of malignant thyroid cells, and that immunohistochemical detection of galectin-3 could be useful in thyroid carcinoma diagnostics. The absence of galectin-3 in thyroid cells during fetal development suggests that galectin-3 is expressed de novo during malignant transformation of thyroid epithelium, thus it should not be considered an oncofetal antigen.

scholarly journals Expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Human Fetal Thyroid Gland

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana B. Savin ◽  
Dubravka S. Cvejić ◽  
Miroslava M. Janković
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Fetal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Epithelium

High levels of expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3, the β-galactoside-binding proteins, have been recently described in malignant thyroid tumors but not in adenomas nor in normal thyroid tissue. However, there are no data about the expression of these galectins during fetal thyroid development. In this study we analyzed immunohistochemically the presence of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in human fetal thyroid glands (16–37 weeks of gestation). Weak to moderate cytoplasmic staining for galectin-1 was observed in follicular cells of all fetal thyroids. Galectin-3 could not be detected in thyroid follicular cells of any fetal thyroid investigated. Both galectins were detected in stromal tissue, but staining for galectin-1 was more intense. The absence of galectin-3 in thyroid cells during fetal development suggests that galectin-3 is expressed de novo during malignant transformation of thyroid epithelium, and that galectin-1 could be considered an oncofetal antigen. The results obtained indicated potential roles for galectin-1 and galectin-3 during the investigated period of human fetal thyroid gland development. Both galectins might participate in developmental processes regarding stromal fetal thyroid tissue organization, whereas galectin-1 might have a function in thyroid epithelium maturation.

scholarly journals Pre-sternal thyroid swellings: a case of rare aberrant site recurrence and review of literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovenish Bains ◽  
Sushant Bhatia ◽  
Rohit Kaushik ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Jain ◽  
Chandra Bhushan Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Thyroid Swelling ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Thyroid swellings enlarge caudally into the mediastinum behind the sternum. Pre-sternal swelling of thyroid origin is very rare. We present our case of pre-sternal thyroid swelling which was albeit a surprisingly rare site of papillary thyroid carcinoma recurrence and review of pre-sternal thyroid swellings reported till date. Case summary A 60 year old female presented with a painless, progressive swelling on the anterior part of the chest for the past 2 years. A 15 cm × 8 cm vertically aligned, non tender, well defined swelling was present on the pre-sternal region, with consistency ranging from soft to firm. The swelling was fixed to the underlying tissues and a fixed level IV lymph node was palpable on the right side. Ultrasonography revealed a large mass of 15 × 7 cm with multiple cystic areas. Fine needle aspiration cytology was inconclusive twice. Patient had undergone a total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma 10 years back. Computed tomography findings revealed a large 15 × 6.6 × 7 cm lobulated, pre-sternal, soft tissue lesion with solid & cystic components. The mass was infiltrating the right sided strap muscles and sternocleidomastoid. FNAC was inconclusive and thyroid scan could not pick up any activity in the mass. Henceforth a PET scan was done that showed increased FDG uptake by the lesion and the level IV lymph node. The patient underwent wide excision of the mass with right functional neck dissection, along with removal with both sternal head of sternocleido-mastoid, the strap muscles and the surrounding fascia. Histopathology confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma. Patient received post-operative radioactive iodine ablation and is healthy with no recurrence up to 30 months of follow up. Discussion The mechanisms for pre-sternal thyroid swelling are not understood due to paucity of cases. The mechanisms proposed are invasion of strap muscles and cervical linea alba and tumor cells spread anterior to sternum, truly ectopic thyroid tissue, de novo carcinogenesis in the embryonal remnants like the thyro-thymic residues, sequestered thyroid tissue which grows later or migration of thyroid cells, incomplete clearance at the time of primary surgery or intraoperative seeding. Conclusion Pre-sternal region masses of thyroid origin are very rare. A proper work up, suspicion for thyroid mass and array of tests will be required to come to a provisional diagnosis. Since the masses reported in literature were primarily malignant, any such mass may be treated on lines of malignancy with radical surgery.

scholarly journals Additional Tissue Sampling Trials Did Not Change Our Thyroid Practice

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Hisakazu Shindo ◽  
Kennichi Kakudo ◽  
Keiko Inomata ◽  
Yusuke Mori ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Tissue Sampling ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Iodine Treatment ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Follicular Tumors

This study aimed to determine whether additional tissue sampling of encapsulated thyroid nodules would increase the frequency of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) diagnoses. We examined thyroid tissue specimens from 86 patients suspected of FTC (84.9% female; mean age, 49.0 ± 17.8 years). The number of tissue blocks created for pathological assessments ranged from 3 to 20 (mean, 9.1 ± 4.1); the numbers in the previous method recommended by the Japanese General Rules for the Description of Thyroid Cancer and additional blocks ranged from 1 to 12 (mean, 6.0 ± 2.8) and from 1 to 8 (mean, 3.1 ± 2.0), respectively. The additional blocks were subsequently examined to determine whether any diagnoses changed from those based on the previous method. Five patients were diagnosed with FTC using the previous method; however, additional tissue blocks led to the diagnosis of FTC in 6 patients, as 1 diagnosis was revised from follicular adenoma to FTC. It has been reported that increasing the number of tissue blocks used for pathological assessments can increase the frequency of FTC diagnoses; however, this was not clinically significant in thyroid carcinoma, which requires completion thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine treatment. It resulted in no benefits to the patient because all minimally invasive FTCs, follicular tumors of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP), and follicular adenomas are treated with lobectomy alone in Japan. Additional tissue sampling only had a slight impact on our thyroid practice; therefore, we decided to cease it.

scholarly journals Xeroderma Pigmentosum: An Uncommon Risk Factor for Aggressive Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A905-A905
Author(s):  
Jillian Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common thyroid cancer, which typically presents in an older populations, and carries a near 100% 5-year relative survival rate if diagnosed prior to cancer spreading outside of the thyroid. Clinical Case: A 26-year old female presented to emergency room with persistent jaw pain, despite course of antibiotics prescribed by dentist. She has a past medical history of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) with over 130 surgeries for malignant skin lesions, as well as benign multinodular goiter for which she underwent total thyroidectomy at the age of 18, with pathology reporting benign tissue and follicular adenoma. Emergency room imaging of maxillofacial/sinus incompletely captured a mass in the left paratracheal region, extending into the lumen of the trachea. Patient was then transferred to University Hospital for further evaluation. Dedicated neck imaging confirmed 4.6cm mass in expected area of thyroid gland, invading into left tracheal wall, cervical esophagus, and hypopharynx. Additional imaging revealed numerous pulmonary nodules, and a 4mm enhancing focus of left superior temporal gyrus. Nuclear positron emission tomography imaging revealed regions of hypermetabolic activity in the left maxillary sinus, the facial nodules, cervical lymph nodes, and mass like region of hypermetabolic activity in the thyroid bed. Biopsy confirmed follicular thyroid parenchyma, concerning for follicular carcinoma. Patient then underwent mass resection and tracheostomy. Some thyroid tissue was left on contralateral side to malignancy due to adjacency to only functional recurrent laryngeal nerve. Pathology following surgery confirmed follicular thyroid carcinoma, with evidence of angioinvasion. Thyroglobulin mass spectrometry prior to surgery was 302 ng/mL. Conclusion: While it is well known that patients with XP suffer from early development of mucocutaneous and ocular cancers in sun-exposed areas, these patients also have increased risk for multinodular goiter as well as internal malignancies. Furthermore, treatment of any internal malignancy is limited due to inability for patients with XP to be treated with radiation. Providers for patients with XP should have very low thresholds to investigate all new symptoms aggressively, maximizing chances of diagnosing malignancies in early stages.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 8 expression in thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism

2017 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Badziong ◽  
Saskia Ting ◽  
Sarah Synoracki ◽  
Vera Tiedje ◽  
Klaudia Brix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Variable Expression

Objective Thyroid hormone (TH) transporters are expressed in thyrocytes and most play a role in TH release. We asked whether expression of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and the L-type amino acid transporters LAT2 and LAT4 is changed with thyrocyte dedifferentiation and in hyperfunctioning thyroid tissues. Design and methods Protein expression and localization of transporters was determined by immunohistochemistry in human thyroid specimen including normal thyroid tissue (NT, n = 19), follicular adenoma (FA, n = 44), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC, n = 45), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, n = 40), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC, n = 40) and Graves’ disease (GD, n = 50) by calculating the ‘hybrid’ (H) score. Regulation of transporter expression was investigated in the rat follicular thyroid cell line PCCL3 under basal and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) conditions. Results MCT8 and LAT4 were localized at the plasma membrane, while LAT2 transporter showed cytoplasmic localization. MCT8 expression was downregulated in benign and malignant thyroid tumours as compared to NT. In contrast, significant upregulation of MCT8, LAT2 and LAT4 was found in GD. Furthermore, a stronger expression of MCT8 was demonstrated in PCCL3 cells after TSH stimulation. Conclusions Downregulation of MCT8 in thyroid cancers qualifies MCT8 as a marker of thyroid differentiation. The more variable expression of LATs in distinct thyroid malignancies may be linked with other transporter properties relevant to altered metabolism in cancer cells, i.e. amino acid transport. Consistent upregulation of MCT8 in GD is in line with increased TH release in hyperthyroidism, an assumption supported by our in vitro results showing TSH-dependent upregulation of MCT8.

scholarly journals The immune landscape of the microenvironment of thyroid cancer is closely related to differentiation status

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Leite Cunha ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Barcelos Domingues ◽  
Elaine Cristina Morari ◽  
Fernando Augusto Soares ◽  
José Vassallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Enrichment Score ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Differentiation Status

AbstractWe have read with great interest the article entitled “Identification of an immune-related signature indicating the dedifferentiation of thyroid cells” by Wang et al. Their data reinforce our own previous results, here compiled. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma had higher stromal scores, immune scores and enrichment of most immune cells than the control groups, suggesting that the immune microenvironment may correlate with differentiation status in thyroid cancer. We previously demonstrated that the differentiation status expressed by the pattern of protein expression may be related to the profile of immune cell infiltration of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Wang et al. also explored the differences between the high-risk and low-risk score groups of samples. Among the distinct signaling pathways enriched in the high-risk score group, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, TNFα signaling, and some common immune-related signaling pathways, including the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway, interferon alpha response, interferon gamma response and inflammatory response were observed with high normalized enrichment score. We also investigated the IL-6 protein immune-histochemical expression in a retrospective study of 114 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and 39 patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma. We also obtained samples of 14 normal thyroid tissues from autopsies, 50 goiters and 43 follicular adenoma. We found IL-6 more frequently positive among malignant tumors than non-malignant samples. We demonstrated that IL-6 positivity was associated with infiltration of CD3 + cells, CD16 + cells and CD68 + macrophages. In addition, IL-6 expression was associated with infiltration of activated lymphocytes such as Granzyme B + cells and CD69 + cells. IL-6 positivity was not associated with infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, FOXP3+, CD25 + cells but IL-6 was associated with tumor expression of PD-L1, FOXP3, IL-17, COX2, IL-1β, IL-10, CD134, IL-23. In summary, Wang et al. beautiful data reinforce the seminal idea that the immune landscape is closely related to the differentiation status of the tumor. This concept may help select individuals who deserve more careful attention, an essential point in the management of patients with mostly indolent tumors such as those of the thyroid. In fact, our results, here compiled, were obtained with immune-histochemistry, a routine laboratory technique that offers the possibility of simpler and practical execution.

scholarly journals A comprehensive mass spectral library for human thyroid tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoting Sun ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Weigang Ge ◽  
Zhen Dong ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid

Thyroid nodules occur in about 60% of the population. Current diagnostic strategies, however, often fail at distinguishing malignant nodules before surgery, thus leading to unnecessary, invasive treatments. As proteins are involved in all physio/pathological processes, a proteome investigation of biopsied nodules may help correctly classify and identify malignant nodules and discover therapeutic targets. Quantitative mass spectrometry data-independent acquisition (DIA) enables highly reproducible and rapid throughput investigation of proteomes. An exhaustive spectral library of thyroid nodules is essential for DIA yet still unavailable. This study presents a comprehensive thyroid spectral library covering five types of thyroid tissue: multinodular goiter, follicular adenoma, follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and normal thyroid tissue. Our library includes 925,330 transition groups, 157,548 peptide precursors, 121,960 peptides, 9941 protein groups, and 9826 proteins from proteotypic peptides. This library resource was evaluated using three papillary thyroid carcinoma samples and their corresponding adjacent normal thyroid tissue, leading to effective quantification of up to 7863 proteins from biopsy-level thyroid tissues.

Auto-antigen presentation of thyroid cells derived from autoimmune thyroid tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (1_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S83
Author(s):  
B. E. WENZEL ◽  
T. MANSKY ◽  
P. C. SCRIBA
Keyword(s):  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-553
Author(s):  
Hongyuan Cui ◽  
Mingwei Zhu ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
Wenqin Li ◽  
Lihui Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Papillary Thyroid

Objective: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify genes that were differentially expressed between normal thyroid tissue and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Materials & Methods: Six candidate genes were selected and further confirmed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry in samples from 24 fresh thyroid tumors and adjacent normal tissues. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was used to investigate signal transduction pathways of the differentially expressed genes. Results: In total, 1690 genes were differentially expressed between samples from patients with PTC and the adjacent normal tissue. Among these, SFRP4, ZNF90, and DCN were the top three upregulated genes, whereas KIRREL3, TRIM36, and GABBR2 were downregulated with the smallest p values. Several pathways were associated with the differentially expressed genes and involved in cellular proliferation, cell migration, and endocrine system tumor progression, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of PTC. Upregulation of SFRP4, ZNF90, and DCN at the mRNA level was further validated with RT-PCR, and DCN expression was further confirmed with immunostaining of PTC samples. Conclusion: These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PTC. Identification of differentially expressed genes should not only improve the tumor signature for thyroid tumors as a diagnostic biomarker but also reveal potential targets for thyroid tumor treatment.

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