scholarly journals The natural course of spontaneous intracerebral brain hemorrhage localized in the basal ganglia of the brain: The analysis of a series of 39 patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Milosevic ◽  
Nikola Repac ◽  
Igor Nikolic ◽  
Igor Coric ◽  
Aleksandar Janicijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Special Hospital ◽  
The Brain

The study included 39 patients treated in a Special hospital for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases ? Sveti Sava? in Belgrade in the period from October 2010 to January 2012. The criteria for inclusion in the study is the moment of diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the basal ganglia of the brain (BG). The results: we analyzed 25 male patients and 14 female patients, aged 54 years to 95 years. In deceased group - 22 (56.4%), 20 (90.9%) were the age group 60 to 80 years., GCS: 3-5 -12 patients (54.5%) died, GCS 6 -8 -10 patients (45.5%), 20 patients (90.9%) also had intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage complicated by acute hydrocephalus. Conclusion: predisposing factors for mortality within one year in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia of the brain are: males older than 60 years, unregulated hypertension and penetration of blood in the chamber system.

scholarly journals Basal Ganglia Herniation into the Fourth Ventricle

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mensura Altumbabic ◽  
Marc R. Del Bigio ◽  
Scott Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Transtentorial Herniation ◽  
Intracerebral Bleeding ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT:Background:Transtentorial herniation of large cerebral fragments is a rare phenomenon.Method:Case StudyResults:Examination of the brain of a 35-year-old male showed massive intracerebral hemorrhage resulting in displacement of basal ganglia components into the fourth ventricle.Conclusions:Sufficiently rapid intracerebral bleeding can dissect fragments of cerebrum and displace them long distances across the tentorial opening.

The topography, structure and incidence of mineralized bodies in the basal ganglia of the brain of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Wadsworth ◽  
H. B. Jones ◽  
J. B. Cavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Optic Chiasma ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Mammillary Bodies ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Brain

Whole coronal slices from 6 levels of the brain of 16 cynomolgus monkeys (8 control and 8 treated by daily gavage with a novel pharmaceutical agent for one year) were examined histologically. Mineralized bodies were identified only in coronal sections passing through the optic chiasma and mammillary bodies. Identical mineralized structures were present in the basal ganglia of both control and treated animals. The majority were seen in the globus pallidus, occasionally in the putamen and once in the nearby caudate nucleus. These structures were partially ferruginated and also partially calcified. They appeared to arise in relation to small vessels. They are part of the naturally occurring background pathology of several species of non-human primates and the incidence in this study (3/8 control and 5/8 treated) was approximately what might be expected from reports in the literature. Mineralized bodies of the basal ganglia of primates represent a spontaneous lesion with a characteristic distribution. They may cause confusion in interpretation of toxicological studies if their natural occurrence is not appreciated.

scholarly journals A neural network for information seeking

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kael White ◽  
Ethan S. Bromberg-Martin ◽  
Sarah R. Heilbronner ◽  
Kaining Zhang ◽  
Julia Pai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Brain

AbstractHumans and other animals often show a strong desire to know the uncertain rewards their future has in store, even when they cannot use this information to influence the outcome. However, it is unknown how the brain predicts opportunities to gain information and motivates this information-seeking behavior. Here we show that neurons in a network of interconnected subregions of primate anterior cingulate cortex and basal ganglia predict the moment of gaining information about uncertain rewards. Spontaneous increases in their information prediction signals are followed by gaze shifts toward objects associated with resolving uncertainty, and pharmacologically disrupting this network reduces the motivation to seek information. These findings demonstrate a cortico-basal ganglia mechanism responsible for motivating actions to resolve uncertainty by seeking knowledge about the future.

scholarly journals Tooth Loss and Survival Analysis after Traumatic Injuries in Primary Dentition

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Jelena Galovic ◽  
Tatjana Vukojevic ◽  
Jelena Nikolic Ivosevic ◽  
Mirjana Perin ◽  
Kristina Vicko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Trauma Type

SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the treatment options, survival rate of traumatized primary teeth and evaluate the factors influencing the outcome. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of all dental trauma cases treated over a 14 years period at the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic of Vojvodina, Novi Sad. Criteria for inclusion in this study were: dental trauma to primary teeth and age in the moment of injury up to seven years. Dental trauma records were analyzed in order to obtain the following: gender and age of the child at the time of trauma, type of trauma, as well as the type and timing of treatment received. After data analysis a survival rate of traumatized primary teeth was evaluated. Results: The study was designed as retrospective and it included 225 children, with 346 traumatized primary teeth. The occurrence of trauma was higher in male patients (60,4%) and in children up to 4 years of age. Luxations were more frequent (72.8%) compared to isolated teeth fractures (20.8%), while the two types of injury combined were rare (6,3%). One year following dental trauma 231 teeth (0.67%) developed complications. Falls were the main cause of trauma (68.9%) and the presence of more than one traumatized tooth was frequent. A percentage of 48.8 children received dental care during first 24 h after the injury. Conclusions: Survival of injured primary teeth is relatively low, regardless of trauma type, time interval between injury and treatment and the type of provided treatment.

Tissue Damage at Computed Tomography following Resolution of Intracerebral Hematomas

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Skriver ◽  
T. S. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Intracerebral Hematoma ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Area 6

Tissue damage as sequelae after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in eight consecutive patients was investigated with computed tomography performed 3 days, 2 weeks and 6 months after the stroke. The presence of contrast enhancement after 2 weeks, hypodense areas after 6 months, and atrophy of adjacent structures were considered to be markers of irreversible tissue damage. Except for a narrow zone in the periphery of the hematoma (ring blush) contrast enhancement was not observed, neither in the hematoma nor in areas where resolution had taken place. After 6 months the site of the hematomas was not identifiable in 3 patients, and 4 patients had small ‘lacunar’ hypodense lesions. Only one patient had a more extensive hypodense area 6 months after the hemorrhage. The most prominent sequelae after intracerebral hematoma were atrophy of adjacent structures (i.e. atrophy of basal ganglia, thalamus and ventricular enlargement) which were seen in all patients even though irreversible de loco damage in the hematoma area was sparse or absent.

scholarly journals A neural network for information seeking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kael White ◽  
Ethan S. Bromberg-Martin ◽  
Sarah R. Heilbronner ◽  
Kaining Zhang ◽  
Julia Pai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTHumans and other animals often show a strong desire to know the uncertain rewards their future has in store, even when they cannot use this information to influence the outcome. However, it is unknown how the brain predicts opportunities to gain information and motivates this information seeking behavior. Here we show that neurons in a network of interconnected subregions of primate anterior cingulate cortex and basal ganglia predict the moment of gaining information about uncertain rewards. Spontaneous increases in their information prediction signals are followed by gaze shifts toward objects associated with resolving uncertainty, and pharmacologically disrupting this network reduces the motivation to seek information. These findings demonstrate a cortico-basal ganglia mechanism responsible for motivating actions to resolve uncertainty by seeking knowledge about the future.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage during Acute and Chronic Hypertension in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinobu Wakisaka ◽  
Yi Chu ◽  
Jordan D Miller ◽  
Gary A Rosenberg ◽  
Donald D Heistad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
The Brain

Oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The goal of this study was to develop a new model of spontaneous ICH, based on the hypothesis that acute, superimposed on chronic, hypertension produces ICH. We hypothesized that increases in angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated oxidative stress and activation of MMPs are associated with, and may precede, spontaneous ICH during hypertension. In C57BL/6 mice, chronic hypertension was produced with AngII infusion and an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. During chronic hypertension, mice with acute hypertension from injections of AngII developed ICH. Oxidative stress and MMP levels increased in the brain even before developing ICH. Active MMPs colocalized with a marker of oxidative stress, especially on cerebral vessels that appeared to lead toward regions with ICH. Incidence of ICH and levels of oxidative stress and MMP-9 were greater in mice with acute hypertension produced by AngII than by norepinephrine. In summary, we have developed an experimental model of ICH during hypertension that may facilitate studies in genetically altered mice. We speculate that acute hypertension, especially when induced by AngII, may be critical in spontaneous ICH during chronic hypertension, possibly through oxidative stress and MMP-9.

scholarly journals Determining ICH Score: can we go beyond?

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3a) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cartaxo Patriota ◽  
João Manoel da Silva-Júnior ◽  
Alécio Cristino Evangelista Santos Barcellos ◽  
Joaquim Barbosa de Sousa Silva Júnior ◽  
Diogo Oliveira Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Auxiliary Variable ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Ich Score ◽  
Reliable Scale

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) still presents a great heterogeneity in its clinical evaluation, demonstrating differences in the enrollment criteria used for the study of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) treatment. The aim of the current study was to assess the ICH Score, a simple and reliable scale, determining the 30-day mortality and the one-year functional outcome. Consecutive patients admitted with acute SICH were prospectively included in the study. ICH Scores ranged from 0 to 4, and each increase in the ICH Score was associated with an increase in the 30-day mortality and with a progressive decrease in good functional outcome rates. However, the occurrence of a pyramidal pathway injury was better related to worse functional outcome than the ICH Score. The ICH Score is a good predictor of 30-day mortality and functional outcome, confirming its validity in a different socioeconomic populations. The association of the pyramidal pathway injury as an auxiliary variable provides more accurate information about the prognostic evolution.

scholarly journals DNA Hypomethylation of DOCK1 Leading to High Expression Correlates with Neurologic Deterioration and Poor Function Outcomes after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yufeng Gao ◽  
Xiaojie Fu ◽  
Lie Yu ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Zhengfang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Hematoma Volume ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Neurologic Deterioration ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Favorable Group

Objective. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a blood clot arising in the brain parenchyma in the absence of trauma or surgery and accounts for 10% to 15% of all strokes, leading to higher rates of mortality and morbidity than either ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage. We sought to investigate the potential association of DOCK1 with neurological deficits and outcomes in patients with spontaneous ICH. Methods. Identification of methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) between ICH patients and matched controls was performed by analyzing the raw data from the GSE179759 and GSE125512 datasets deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus. A total of 114 patients who were admitted to our hospital for spontaneous ICH were retrospectively analyzed, with 108 healthy volunteers who had received physical examinations at the same period as controls. The mRNA expression of DOCK1 was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The hematoma volume was calculated according to the Coniglobus formula. The severity of neurological deficits was evaluated using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and function outcomes were evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Results. A total of 15 MeDEGs between ICH patients and matched controls were identified. The mRNA expression of DOCK1 was remarkably higher in the serum samples of patients with spontaneous ICH than in the healthy controls. According to hematoma volume after ICH attack, small (<10 mL), medium (10 to 30 mL), and large (>30 mL) groups were arranged. The proportions of male patients and patients aged ≥60 years were significantly higher in the large group than in the small and medium groups ( P < 0.05 ). The mRNA expression of DOCK1 was significantly higher in the large group than in the small and medium groups ( P < 0.05 ). According to NIHSS scores, mild (NIHSS scores ≤15), moderate (NIHSS scores from 16 to 30), and severe (NIHSS scores from 31 to 45) groups were classified. It was observed that the severe group had higher proportions of male patients and patients aged ≥60 years than the mild and moderate groups ( P < 0.05 ). The severe group exhibited a higher mRNA expression of DOCK1 than the mild and moderate groups ( P < 0.05 ). According to mRS scores, higher proportions of male patients and patients aged ≥60 years were observed in the unfavorable group than the favorable group ( P < 0.05 ). The patients in the unfavorable group showed an elevated DOCK1 mRNA expression compared to those in the favorable group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The study provided evidence that male gender, older age, and higher DOCK1 mRNA expression were related to higher admission hematoma volume, neurologic deterioration, and poor function outcomes in patients with spontaneous ICH.

scholarly journals Conventional Craniotomy Versus Conservative Treatment in Patients With Minor Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Basal Ganglia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Xuanhao Zhu ◽  
Qi Tu ◽  
Daqian Zhu ◽  
Shuai Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Surgery Group

Abstract Background: The treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still controversial, especially for hematomas in the basal ganglia. A retrospective case-control study with propensity score matching was performed to compare the outcomes of conventional craniotomy and conservative treatment for patients with minor ICH in the basal ganglia.Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of consecutive patients with minor basal ganglia hemorrhage from January 2018 to August 2019. We compared clinical outcomes of two groups using propensity score matching. The extended Glasgow outcome scale obtained by phone interviews based on questionnaires at 12 months follow-up was used as the primary outcome measure. On the basis of their clinical status at admission, patients were divided into good and poor prognosis groups to obtain a dichotomized (favorable or unfavorable) outcome as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included hospitalized complications, mortality and modified Rankin score at 12 months.Results: A total of 54 patients were analyzed, and the baseline characteristics of patients in the surgery and conservative treatment groups were well matched. The primary favorable outcome at 12 months was significantly higher in the conservative treatment group than in the surgery group (81% vs 44%; OR 1.833, 95% CI 1.159–2.900; P=0.005). The incidence of pneumonia in the surgery group was significantly higher than that in the conservative treatment group (p=0.005).Conclusions: It is not recommended to undertake conventional craniotomy for patients with a minor hematoma (25–40 ml) in the basal ganglia. An open craniotomy might induce worse long-term functional outcomes than the conservative treatment.

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