scholarly journals Desperate times call for desperate measures: Short-term use of the common ash tree by gypsy moth larvae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) under density and starvation stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Slobodan Milanovic ◽  
Marija Popovic ◽  
Jovan Dobrosavljevic ◽  
Igor Kostic ◽  
Jelica Lazarevic
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Starvation Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Common ◽  
Toxic Food ◽  
Relative Consumption Rate

Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) feeds on a large number of tree species, while ash, Fraxinus spp. (Lamiales: Oleaceae) species are considered resistant and are only sporadically eaten. To assess the conditions under which late instar gypsy moth larvae (GML) can temporarily use non-host common ash (CA) (F. excelsior L.), and to evaluate their ability to recover from ingestion of this toxic food, we determined the relative growth rate, the relative consumption rate and the amount of produced feces in different laboratory feeding trials. Our report is the first to show that under specific circumstances, the resources acquired after short-term consumption of CA leaves can be utilized for larval growth. We varied the intensity of density and starvation stress prior to feeding on CA leaves. We observed that after moderate stress a group of GML was temporarily capable of coping with CA leaves. Although observed growth and consumption were much lower on CA than on the optimal host oak, Quercus cerris L. (Fagales: Fagaceae), CA-oak-switched larvae showed the ability to recover from short-term use of a toxic non-host foliage. This suggests that feeding on CA might enable GML to survive under conditions of food shortage.

scholarly journals Are complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy age related?

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
G T Deans ◽  
P Sedman ◽  
D F Martin ◽  
C M S Royston ◽  
C K Leow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ascending Cholangitis ◽  
Retroperitoneal Perforation ◽  
The Common

Background—Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sphincterotomy is increasingly performed in younger patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, the safety of endo- scopic sphincterotomy in this age group, relative to that in older patients, is unknown.Aim—To determine whether the development of short term complications following endoscopic sphincterotomy is age related.Patients and methods—A prospective multicentre audit of 958 patients (mean age 73, range 14–97, years) undergoing a total of 1000 endoscopic sphincterotomies.Results—Two deaths occurred, both from postsphincterotomy acute pancreatitis. Postprocedural complications developed in 24 patients: pancreatitis in 10, ascending cholangitis in seven, bleeding in four, and retroperitoneal perforation in three. There were six complications (five cases of pancreatitis and one bleed; 2.2%) and no deaths in the 281 (29.3%) patients aged under 65 years. In comparison, 18 (2.6%) of the 677 patients aged over 65 years developed a complication (cholangitis in seven, pancreatitis in five, bleeding in three, and perforation in three). Patients under 35, 45, 55, and 65 years were not at significantly increased risk of complication than those over these ages (relative risk for those under compared with those over 65 years 0.83, 95% confidence intervals 0.41–1.67, p=0.74).Conclusion—Short term complications following endoscopic sphincterotomy are not related to age. Younger patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy need not be denied endoscopic sphincterotomy for fear that the risks are greater than if they undergo surgical exploration of the common bile duct.

scholarly journals Symbol Grounding Association in Multimodal Sequences with Missing Elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 787-806
Author(s):  
Federico Raue ◽  
Andreas Dengel ◽  
Thomas M. Breuel ◽  
Marcus Liwicki
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Time Warping ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Time Warping ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Extra Step ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dynamic Time ◽  
General Scope

In this paper, we extend a symbolic association framework for being able to handle missing elements in multimodal sequences. The general scope of the work is the symbolic associations of object-word mappings as it happens in language development in infants. In other words, two different representations of the same abstract concepts can associate in both directions. This scenario has been long interested in Artificial Intelligence, Psychology, and Neuroscience. In this work, we extend a recent approach for multimodal sequences (visual and audio) to also cope with missing elements in one or both modalities. Our method uses two parallel Long Short-Term Memories (LSTMs) with a learning rule based on EM-algorithm. It aligns both LSTM outputs via Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). We propose to include an extra step for the combination with the max operation for exploiting the common elements between both sequences. The motivation behind is that the combination acts as a condition selector for choosing the best representation from both LSTMs. We evaluated the proposed extension in the following scenarios: missing elements in one modality (visual or audio) and missing elements in both modalities (visual and sound). The performance of our extension reaches better results than the original model and similar results to individual LSTM trained in each modality.

scholarly journals Alternative Sanctions in the Gap Between the Law and Reality / Alternativne sankcije u raskoraku između normativnog i stvarnog

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Veljko Ikanović
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Prison Sentence ◽  
Electronic Surveillance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Alternative Sanctions

This paper deals with some alternative sanctions of the criminal legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Author pays attention to, first of all, replacing short-term imprisonment with the common good in freedom and house arrest with electronic surveillance, which was recently introduced in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the replacement of short-term prison sentence with a fine. Pointing out the scientific understanding of the need for the development and introduction of alternative sanctions and binding international documents, he examines the limitations of the existing legal desicions, the legislator notes inertia and resistance to general and political public for the legal solutions to be implemented in life. Finally,  in the conclusion he says that there is a gap between law and reality that threatens the goal and purpose of alternative sanctions and also the fulfillment of international obligations which Bosnia and Herzegovina has taken in this area.

Ewolucja bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski i Białorusi na międzynarodowym rynku ropy naftowej

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Maciej Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
The Common

Access to energy resources has become one of the main challenges of energy security in the modern world. Due to the growing political instability of countries exporting energy resources, the energy security category should be perceived in a special way. Energy security is expressed, first of all, in stable access to energy resources at an acceptable price. The aim of the article is to determine to what extent the strategy of diversifying the sources of crude oil imports to Poland and Belarus is implemented in practice, and to what extent the implementation of this strategy is conducive to building energy security for both these countries. It seems that despite the similar geological and geographical conditions, as well as the common historical infrastructure heritage, Poland and Belarus shape their energy policy differently. The conducted analysis has an empirical dimension, as the REES index is used to measure the concentration of imports and the short-term risk for the security of crude oil supplies. The article shows that a properly implemented diversification strategy significantly improves the country’s energy security, which is possible due to the use of alternative directions for oil imports to the Russian one.

scholarly journals Predicting Taxi Demand Based on 3D Convolutional Neural Network and Multi-task Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Kuang ◽  
Xuejin Yan ◽  
Xianhan Tan ◽  
Shuqi Li ◽  
Xiaoxian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prediction Task ◽  
Task Learning ◽  
Spatiotemporal Feature ◽  
The Common ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Taxi demand can be divided into pick-up demand and drop-off demand, which are firmly related to human’s travel habits. Accurately predicting taxi demand is of great significance to passengers, drivers, ride-hailing platforms and urban managers. Most of the existing studies only forecast the taxi demand for pick-up and separate the interaction between spatial correlation and temporal correlation. In this paper, we first analyze the historical data and select three highly relevant parts for each time interval, namely closeness, period and trend. We then construct a multi-task learning component and extract the common spatiotemporal feature by treating the taxi pick-up prediction task and drop-off prediction task as two related tasks. With the aim of fusing spatiotemporal features of historical data, we conduct feature embedding by attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) and capture the correlation between taxi pick-up and drop-off with 3D ResNet. Finally, we combine external factors to simultaneously predict the taxi demand for pick-up and drop-off in the next time interval. Experiments conducted on real datasets in Chengdu present the effectiveness of the proposed method and show better performance in comparison with state-of-the-art models.

Tolerance and Removal of Four Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds (PAHs) by Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-672
Author(s):  
Mingxia Fan ◽  
Nian Liu ◽  
Xiangji Wu ◽  
Jibin Zhang ◽  
Minmin Cai
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well-recognized toxic chemical, cause the public hazard in environments. Here, we demonstrated the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) could tolerate the PAHs and reduce their content. Four typical PAHs (1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 mg/kg), naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, were individually spiked into BSFL conversion systems. The parameters for larval growth, conversion process, and PAHs removal were determined in spiked group and no-spiked control. The results show that the larval development time (19.7–21.0 d) in the half of PAH groups was significantly longer by 2–4 d than those in the control, while the relative growth rates (1.88–1.99% per day) in the majority PAH groups were lower. The larval mortalities (0–2.83%), harvest yields (80.20–85.91 g), conversion rates (14.71–15.83%), and eclosion rates (60.27–82.67%) in almost all of PAH groups did not significantly different from those in the control. The four PAHs potentially delayed the development time of BSFL, slowed the larval growth, and lower waste reduction rates, but these influences were slight and might be caused by the inhibition of PAHs to microbial activity. The BSFL-mortalities, conversion rates, yields, and eclosion rates were not significantly affected by the PAHs. Furthermore, BSFL effectively removed 34.1–84.2% of PAHs from subtracts in 18–21 d. The removal of PAHs with low concentration could be easier than those with high concentration by BSFL. The present results provide an alternative strategy to treat the waste contaminated by PAHs and elucidate the effect of PAHs on insects in the environment.

scholarly journals NOTES ON PREDACEOUS HETEROPTERA, WITH PROF. UHLER'S DESCRIPTION OF TWO SPECIES

1897 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
A. H. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

During the month of May, 1896, while making field observations in Malden and Medford, Mass., upon the insects known to attack the gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar), I found that many of the common predaceous bugs upon emerging from hibernation greedily availed themselves of the food supply offered by the tent caterpillar and destroyed large numbers of this insect. Podisus placidus, P. serieventris, P. modestus, Dendrocoris humeralis, Euschistus fissilis, E. tristigmus, E. ictericus, E. politus n. sp., Menecles insertus and Diplodus lividus were often found feeding upon partially grown tent caterpillars. Podisus placidus and P. serieventris enter the tents and prey upon the inmates, but the other species generally attacked the larvæ while they were feeding. The species of Euschistus are the least predaceous and it is probable that they naturally feed more upon plants than upon insects.

Comparison of Artemia feeding regimens on larval growth in a short-term fathead minnow toxicity test

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
EricM. Silberhorn ◽  
WilliamA. Robison ◽  
TerryM. Short ◽  
JeffreyA. Black ◽  
WesleyJ. Birge
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Short Term
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