scholarly journals Physiological responses of Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) to Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Nikolic ◽  
Andrej Pilipovic ◽  
Milan Drekic ◽  
Danijela Kojic ◽  
Leopold Poljakovic-Pajnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
The Impact

The spread and occurrence of the oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata out of its natural distribution area across European and Asian countries has been reported during the past decades. The ecological and economic significance of oak stands and the vulnerability of plants to various abiotic and/or biotic factors requires in-depth knowledge of plant-pest interaction. The present study examined the influence of C. arcuata feeding on the photosynthetic characteristics and gas-exchange parameters, mineral nutrient concentrations and defense mechanisms (the activities of some antioxidant enzymes) of leaves of pedunculate oak. The rate of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were lowered by 58.84, 21.66 and 35.71%, respectively, in comparison to non-infested plants. The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, were affected by the presence of C. arcuata. To our knowledge this is the first paper providing a report on the physiological responses of Quercus robur plants exposed to C. arcuata infestation. Understanding the impact of pests, such as the invasive species C. arcuata on physiological processes and vitality of young plants and plant responses, could provide a foundation for efficient preservation of oak forests endangered by the oak lace bug.

scholarly journals Appreciation of tolerance at the impact of thermal stress on photosystem ii activity in the leaves of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees of different ecological origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1(22)) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Petru Cuza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Photosystem Ii Activity ◽  
The Impact

Extreme weather events with high temperatures and strong sunlight have increased alarmingly in the last few decades, considerable affecting plant photosynthesis. In this study, the impact of thermal stress on photosystem II activity in the leaves of pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) of different ecological origin was assessed. Four days after the thermal shock application with a temperature of 50°C during 20, 40, 60 minutes, the processes of recovery on photosystem II activity in the leaves of the oak trees in the investigated provenances took place with different speed and fullness. The recovery of the functional state of photosystem II in the leaves of the trees showed that in the environmental conditions of the ,,Plaiul Fagului” reservation territory an advanced thermotolerance to the thermal stress action was specifi c for the origin from the north of the country (Edinet). The leaves of the trees of local and southern origin showed a low resistance to the thermal stress action. The advanced adaptation capacity, the high growth rate of the trees from the northern provenance suggest that the acorn harvested from the oaks of northern origin can be used for the works of extension of the afforestation areas in the central area of the Republic of Moldova.

Utilization of kudzu as a lead phytoremediator and the impact of lead on selected physiological responses

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Schwarzauer-Rockett ◽  
Safaa H. Al-Hamdani ◽  
James R. Rayburn ◽  
Nixon O. Mwebi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
The Impact

Schwarzauer-Rockett, K., Al-Hamdani, S. H., Rayburn, J. R. and Mwebi, N. O. 2013. Utilization of kudzu as a lead phytoremediator and the impact of lead on selected physiological responses. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 951–959. This study was carried out to evaluate kudzu [Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.)] in lead phytoremediation. The impact of lead (PbNO3) concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L−1 on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were evaluated. Additionally, concentrations of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin were determined. The lead was dissolved in 0.142 g L−1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and an EDTA control treatment was added to evaluate the impact of EDTA on the above selected plant responses. Root accumulation of lead was significantly higher than in the shoot. Kudzu growth in response to the presence of lead and EDTA in the Hoagland's solution was similar to that of the EDTA control, except for plants growing at 200 mg L−1, which showed significantly lower root dry weight. Total phenolic compounds increased with the presence of EDTA and lead in the Hoagland's solution. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and anthocyanin were not different (P≤0.05) among the treatments, with the exception that carotenoids were significantly higher in plants growing in the presence of EDTA without lead compared with 200 mg L−1 lead concentration. Kudzu accumulated most of the lead in the root and therefore can be considered as a rhizofiltrator. As kudzu was able to accumulate 1.02% (wt/wt) of lead it can be considered a hyper-accumulator.

scholarly journals Variability of acorn nutrient concentrations in pedunculate oak (Quercus roburL.) genotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nikolić ◽  
S. Orlović ◽  
B. Krstić ◽  
Ž. Kevrešan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
General Sequence ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Nutrient Amounts

The objective of this study was to determine mineral element concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu) in various parts of pedunculate oak acorns to estimate variability in the chemical composition of different genotypes. Acorns were collected during the 1998 harvest from seventeen Quercus robur L. genotypes. Trees originated from a vegetative seed plantation Banov Brod, belonging to the Forest Estate Sremska Mitrovica (Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia). The investigation of the nutritional status of acorns revealed significant differences between the studied genotypes. Considering all genotypes, the general sequence of nutrient amounts for the entire embryo was as follows: N > K > Ca > P > Mg > Na > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn were higher for the pericarp and seed coat than for the embryo. Pericarp and seed coat nutrient concentrations showed lower variability than in the embryo, with the exception of potassium concentration.

scholarly journals The timing and asymmetry of plant–pathogen–insect interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1935) ◽  
pp. 20201303
Author(s):  
Laura J. A. van Dijk ◽  
Johan Ehrlén ◽  
Ayco J. M. Tack
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Versus

Insects and pathogens frequently exploit the same host plant and can potentially impact each other's performance. However, studies on plant–pathogen–insect interactions have mainly focused on a fixed temporal setting or on a single interaction partner. In this study, we assessed the impact of time of attacker arrival on the outcome and symmetry of interactions between aphids ( Tuberculatus annulatus ), powdery mildew ( Erysiphe alphitoides ), and caterpillars ( Phalera bucephala ) feeding on pedunculate oak, Quercus robur , and explored how single versus multiple attackers affect oak performance. We used a multifactorial greenhouse experiment in which oak seedlings were infected with either zero, one, two, or three attackers, with the order of attacker arrival differing among treatments. The performances of all involved organisms were monitored throughout the experiment. Overall, attackers had a weak and inconsistent impact on plant performance. Interactions between attackers, when present, were asymmetric. For example, aphids performed worse, but powdery mildew performed better, when co-occurring. Order of arrival strongly affected the outcome of interactions, and early attackers modified the strength and direction of interactions between later-arriving attackers. Our study shows that interactions between plant attackers can be asymmetric, time-dependent, and species specific. This is likely to shape the ecology and evolution of plant–pathogen–insect interactions.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation of Quercus robur in the South-Ural

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Degen ◽  
Ruslan Yanbaev ◽  
Yulai Yanbaev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
The South ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract We studied the genetic composition of 200 pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) trees at nine nuclear microsatellite gene loci. We sampled nine locations in an area of 1100 km by 400 km in the South-Ural. The question was to analyse the genetic differentiation of the oaks at the south-east edge of the species distribution area. We observed relatively high values of genetic differentiation and fixation (delta=0.387, FST=0.0652, FST(Hedrick)=0.407) compared to values from the centre of the species distribution range. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed three genetic groups. Presence of all genetic groups was detected at all locations, but oak trees in the extreme east of the Ural Mountains were genetically most different. We hypothesise that genetic drift influenced the observed pattern.

Phytophagous Insects Associated with the Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur) in the Northeast of Its Distribution Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-449
Author(s):  
I. V. Ermolaev ◽  
V. I. Ponomarev ◽  
A. A. Vasil’ev ◽  
M. S. Kumaeva
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Pedunculate Oak

scholarly journals Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) demonstrate different patterns of genetic variation within and among populations on the eastern border of distribution ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 522-532
Author(s):  
Artur Akhmetov ◽  
Ruslan Ianbaev ◽  
Svetlana Boronnikova ◽  
Yulai Yanbaev ◽  
Aygul Gabitova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Key Species

Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) is a key species of broadleaved forests whose population genetics is poorly studied using modern genetic tools. We used ISSR analysis to explore genetic diversity and differentiation among 10 Russian populations on the eastern margin of the species range of distribution, and to compare the revealed patterns with the results of our population genetic studies of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). In the first set comparatively high heterozygosity and allelic diversity were found (expected heterozygosity H<sub>E</sub> = 0.160 ± 0.033, number of alleles n<sub>a</sub> = 1.440 ± 0.080, effective number of alleles n<sub>e</sub> = 1.271 ± 0.062) in comparison with strongly fragmented and geographically isolated small maple stands of the second set (H<sub>E</sub> = 0.083 ± 0.011, n<sub>a</sub> = 1.281 ± 0.031, n<sub>e</sub> = 1.136 ± 0.019). A relatively high genetic differentiation among populations was detected (the proportion of the inter-population component of total genetic variation, G<sub>ST</sub> = 0.558 ± 0.038). In the Cis-Urals, local groups of populations that are confined to the northern, middle and southern parts of the Urals were identified. On the contrary, the current significant fragmentation of the pedunculate oak distribution area in the same study area did not lead to any noticeable genetic differentiation among the majority of populations, the values of the population genetic diversity were very similar in different parts of the Southern Urals.

Assessment of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Evolution in Different Stages of an Experimental Endometriosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381-1383
Author(s):  
Allia Sindilar ◽  
Carmen Lacramioara Zamfir ◽  
Eusebiu Viorel Sindilar ◽  
Alin Constantin Pinzariu ◽  
Eduard Crauciuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Gynecological Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Endometriosis is described as a gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus; extensively explored because of its increasing incidency, with an indubitable diagnostic only after invasive surgery, with no efficient treatment, it has still many aspects to be elucidated. A growing body of facts sustain oxidative stress as a crucial factor between the numerous incriminated factors implicated in endometriosis ethiopathogeny. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) act to decline reproductive function. Our study intends to determine if an experimental model of endometriosis may be useful to assess the impact of oxidative stress on endometrial cells; we have used a murine model of 18 adult Wistar female rats. A fragment from their left uterine horn was implanted in the abdominal wall. After 4 weeks, a laparatomy was performed, 5 endometrial implants were removed, followed by biochemical tissue assay of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, the implants were removed for histopathological exam and biochemical assay of antioxidant enzymes. The results revealed decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes, pointing on significant oxidative stress involvement.

Growth and management of mixed Pinus sylvestris - Quercus robur stands in Flanders, Belgium

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maddelein ◽  
J. Neirynck ◽  
G. Sioen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Pine Stands

Mature  Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris  L.) stands are dominating large parts of the Flemish forest area. Broadleaved  species regenerate spontaneously under this pine canopy. This study studied  the growth and development of two planted pine stands with an older natural  regeneration, dominated by pedunculate oak (Quercus  robur L.), and discussed management options for  similar stands.     The results indicated a rather good growth of the stands, with current  annual increments of 5 m3.ha-1.yr-1. The pine overstorey is growing into valuable sawwood  dimensions, while the broadleaved understorey slowly grows into the  upperstorey. The quality of the regeneration is moderate but can be improved  by silvicultural measurements (pruning, early selection).     In both stands, an interesting (timber production, nature conservation)  admixture of secondary tree species is present in the regeneration. Stand  management is evolving from the classical clearcut system towards a  combination of a type of selection and group selection system.

scholarly journals The impact of drilling and slitting construction on damage field: evolution characteristics in low-permeability coal seam

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Heng Chen ◽  
Hongmei Cheng ◽  
Aibin Xu ◽  
Yi Xue ◽  
Weihong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Element Program ◽  
Mining Face ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The fracture field of coal and rock mass is the main channel for gas migration and accumulation. Exploring the evolution law of fracture field of coal and rock mass under the condition of drilling and slitting construction has important theoretical significance for guiding efficient gas drainage. The generation and evolution process of coal and rock fissures is also the development and accumulation process of its damage. Therefore, based on damage mechanics and finite element theory, the mathematical model is established. The damage variable of coal mass is defined by effective strain, the elastoplastic damage constitutive equation is established and the secondary development of finite element program is completed by FORTRAN language. Using this program, the numerical simulation of drilling and slitting construction of the 15-14120 mining face of Pingdingshan No. 8 Mine is carried out, and the effects of different single borehole diameters, different kerf widths and different kerf heights on the distribution area of surrounding coal fracture field and the degree of damage are studied quantitatively. These provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable determination of the slitting and drilling arrangement parameters at the engineering site.

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