scholarly journals Cytotoxic activity of the aqueous extract of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. serpyllifolia on human U-87 MG cell lines

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kubra Koc ◽  
Ozlem Ozdemir ◽  
Faruk Kizilkaya ◽  
Meryem Sengul ◽  
Hasan Turkez
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage ◽  
Human Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Micromeria Fruticosa

Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. serpyllifolia, which is widely used in folk medicine as a medicinal herbal tea, is grown in different areas of Turkey and the Mediterranean region. The present study was conducted to evaluate the aqueous extract of Micromeria fruticosa subsp. serpyllifolia for its antioxidant and antiproliferative activity on a human glioblastoma multiforme cell line (U-87 MG), which has not been reported before. Here, the extract was added to cultures at 8 different concentrations (0-200 ?g/mL). Cell viability and cell membrane damage was determined using the MTT and LDH assays for 48 h, respectively. To examine the oxidative effects, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were measured. The extract displayed considerable antiproliferative activities at the high concentrations of 175 and 200 ?g/mL. Furthermore, the extract caused a significant increase in the release of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner; 200 ?g/mL of extract enhanced the release of LDH. Treatments with extract at higher doses increased TOS levels and decreased TAC levels in human U-87 MG cells. Our study suggests that the aqueous extract of Micromeria fruticosa ssp. serpyllifolia was capable of inducing growth inhibition of cancer cells. These results encourage further research to assess the value of the extract in modern phytotherapy.

scholarly journals Examination of some toxicological parameters of dimethylamylamine when consumed alone or with caffeine

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Adem Güner ◽  
Hasan Türkez
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Oxidative Status ◽  
First Time

Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a bodybuilding supplement with fat-burner or performance-enhancing properties. DMAA is often combined with caffeine to enhance its effectiveness and this can have serious adverse effects on health. In this study, we examined for the first time the cytotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic effects of DMAA in the presence or absence of caffeine in lymphocytes cultured from human blood, and its vascular irritant effects in a hen's chorioallantoic membrane egg test. Cytotoxic effects were observed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH), which serves as a measure of cell membrane damage, changes in the mitotic index (MI) and proliferative rate index (PRI) assays. Oxidative changes were evaluated by the total antioxidant activity and the total oxidative status assay. Genotoxic damage was analyzed by chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assays. DMAA and its combination with caffeine (cDMAA) had no genotoxic effects. DMAA (1000 mg/L) and cDMAA (500 and 1000 mg/L) decreased cell viability while significantly increasing LDH activity, MI and the oxidative level. DMAA and cDMAA caused weak and moderate vascular irritant effects, respectively. In conclusion, DMAA exhibits cytotoxic effects via membrane dysfunction and mitotic disturbance following increased oxidative stress in a dose- and caffeine-dependent manner.

Neutrophil Elastase Potentiates Cathepsin G-lnduced Platelet Activation

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 570-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A Selak
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Cathepsin G ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

SummaryWe have previously demonstrated that human neutrophil cathepsin G is a strong platelet agonist that binds to a specific receptor. This work describes the effect of neutrophil elastase on cathepsin G-induced platelet responses. While platelets were not activated by high concentrations of neutrophil elastase by itself, elastase enhanced aggregation, secretion and calcium mobilization induced by low concentrations of cathepsin G. Platelet aggregation and secretion were potentiated in a concentration-dependent manner by neutrophil elastase with maximal responses observable at 200 nM. Enhancement was observed when elastase was preincubated with platelets for time intervals of 10–60 s prior to addition of a low concentration of cathepsin G and required catalytically-active elastase since phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride-inhibited enzyme failed to potentiate cell activation. Neutrophil elastase potentiation of platelet responses induced by low concentrations of cathepsin G was markedly inhibited by creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase and/or indomethacin, indicating that the synergism between elastase and cathepsin G required the participation of ADP and thromboxane A2. On the other hand, platelet responses were not attenuated by the PAF antagonist BN 52021, signifying that PAF-acether did not play a role in elastase potentiation. At higher concentrations porcine pancreatic elastase exhibits similar effects to neutrophil elastase, demonstrating that the effect of elastase was not unique to the neutrophil protease. While neutrophil elastase failed to alter the ability of cathepsin G to hydrolyze a synthetic chromogenic substrate, preincubation of platelets with elastase increased the apparent affinity of cathepsin G binding to platelets. In contrast to their effect on cathepsin G-induced platelet responses, neither neutrophil nor pancreatic elasatse potentiated aggregation or dense granule release initiated by ADP, PAF-acether, arachidonic acid or U46619, a thromboxane A2 mimetic. Moreover, unlike its effect on cathepsin G, neutrophil elastase inhibited thrombin-induced responses. The current observations demonstrate that elastase can potentiate platelet responses mediated by low concentrations of cathepsin G, suggesting that both enzymes may function synergistically to activate platelets under conditions where neutrophil degranulation occurs.

Effects of Mg2+ on Ca2+ waves and Ca2+ transients of rat ventricular myocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. H907-H914 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Terada ◽  
H. Hayashi ◽  
N. Noda ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
H. Katoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Action ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Triggered Activity ◽  
Rat Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
High Concentrations

It has been shown that the occurrence of the transient inward current, which is responsible for triggered activity, was often associated with propagating regions of increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), i.e., the “Ca2+ wave.” To investigate the mechanism of antiarrhythmic action of Mg2+, we have studied effects of high concentrations of Mg2+ on Ca2+ waves in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. [Ca2+]i was estimated using the Ca(2+)-indicating probe indo 1. Ca2+ waves in myocytes, stimulated at 0.2 Hz, were induced by perfusion of isoproterenol (10(-7) M). High Mg2+ concentration suppressed Ca2+ waves in a concentration-dependent manner (36% at 4 mM, 70% at 8 mM, and 82% at 12 mM). The Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil also suppressed Ca2+ waves in a similar way. In contrast with marked depression of Ca2+ transients by verapamil, Ca2+ transients were not affected by high Mg2+ concentration (8 mM). High Mg2+ concentration also reduced frequencies of Ca2+ waves in the absence of electrical stimulation, whereas verapamil failed to reduce frequencies of Ca2+ waves. Reduction in frequency of Ca2+ waves by high Mg2+ concentration was associated with slowing of propagation velocity of Ca2+ waves. To examine whether suppressive effects of high Mg2+ concentration on Ca2+ waves were related to an increase in intracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]i), the effect of high-Mg2+ solution on [Mg2+]i was examined in myocytes loaded with mag-fura 2. An increase in extracellular Mg2+ concentration from 1 to 12 mM increased [Mg2+]i from 1.06 +/- 0.16 to 1.87 +/- 0.22 mM (P < 0.01) in 30 min. To examine the effect of high Mg2+ concentration on amount of releasable Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the effect of high Mg2+ concentration on the Ca2+ transient induced by a rapid application of caffeine was examined. High-Mg2+ solution increased the peak of the caffeine-induced Ca2+ transient. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Mg2+ on Ca2+ waves was not due to inhibition of the sarcolemmal Ca2+ channel but could be due to a decreased propensity for the sarcoplasmic reticulum to divest itself of excess Ca2+.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Wound Healing Property of Gelsolin in 3T3-L1 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Vaid ◽  
Bhupinder Singh Chopra ◽  
Sachin Raut ◽  
Amin Sagar ◽  
Maulik D. Badmalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasma Gelsolin ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Healing Property ◽  
Injury Recovery

Delineation of factors which affect wound healing would be of immense value to enable on-time or early healing and reduce comorbidities associated with infections or biochemical stress like diabetes. Plasma gelsolin has been identified earlier to significantly enable injury recovery compared to placebo. This study evaluates the role of rhuGSN for its antioxidant and wound healing properties in murine fibroblasts (3T3-L1 cell line). Total antioxidant capacity of rhuGSN increased in a concentration-dependent manner (0.75-200 μg/mL). Cells pretreated with 0.375 and 0.75 μg/mL rhuGSN for 24 h exhibited a significant increase in viability in a MTT assay. Preincubation of cells with rhuGSN for 24 h followed by oxidative stress induced by exposure to H2O2 for 3 h showed cytoprotective effect. rhuGSN at 12.5 and 25 μg/mL concentration showed an enhanced cell migration after 20 h of injury in a scratch wound healing assay. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels were elevated in the culture supernatant. These results establish an effective role of rhuGSN against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and in wound healing of 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells.

scholarly journals Increased Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced Microglia Cells by Spirulina maxima Extract from Ultrasonic Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woon Yong Choi ◽  
Jae-Hun Sim ◽  
Jung-Youl Lee ◽  
Do Hyung Kang ◽  
Hyeon Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Spirulina Maxima ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ultrasonic Process ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Concentrations

The Spirulina maxima exact from a non-thermal ultrasonic process (UE) contains 17.5 mg/g of total chlorophyll, compared to 6.24 mg/g of chlorophyll derived from the conventional 70% ethanol extraction at 80 °C for 12 h (EE). The UE also showed relatively low cytotoxicity against murine microglial cells (BV-2) and inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2. The UE also effectively suppresses both mRNA expression and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, TNF-α gene and protein production were most strongly down-regulated, while IL-6 was the least affected by all ranges of treatment concentrations. This work first demonstrated a quantitative correlation between mRNA expression and the production of cytokines, showing that suppression of TNF-α gene expression was most significantly correlated with its secretion. These results clearly proved that the anti-inflammatory effects of Spirulina extract from a nonthermal ultrasonic process, which yielded high concentrations of intact forms of chlorophylls, were increased two-fold compared to those of conventional extracts processed at high temperature.

Organic Cosolutes as Stabilizers of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase in Storage: an Interpretation of Their Action

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Selinioti ◽  
D Nikolopoulos ◽  
Y Manetas
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Native Protein ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Polymeric Form ◽  
C4 Grass ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Protein Bovine Serum Albumin

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.3 1) is rapidly inactivated in dilute extracts from leaves of the C4 grass Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Physiological osmotica (glycerol, betaine, proline, sorbitol and sucrose) and synthetic inert polymers like polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol prevent inactivation in a concentration-dependent manner. In a partially purified preparation (10.5 �mol CO2 min-1 mg-1), lability to inactivation and the minimum levels of cosolvents needed for complete protection become higher as the protein is diluted. Exogenous protein (bovine serum albumin) was much less effective than native protein in stabilising activity. The results could be interpreted on the basis of the exclusion volume theory and the assumption that the catalytic activity is mainly due to a polymeric form which is maintained only at high concentrations of the enzymic protein.

scholarly journals Impact of Phytomediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Oxidative Stress Response of In Vitro Raised Shoots of Ochradenus arabicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fahad Al-Qurainy ◽  
Salim Khan ◽  
Saleh Alansi ◽  
Mohammad Nadeem ◽  
Aref Alshameri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
System Response ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
High Concentrations

Biogenic nanoparticles have potential roles in the growth and development of plants and animals as they are ecofriendly and free of chemical contaminants. In this study, we assessed the effects of phytomediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on shoot growth, biochemical markers, and antioxidant system response in Ochradenus arabicus, which is a medicinal plant. The shoot length and fresh and dry weights were found to be higher in groups with 5 and 10 mg/L ZnONPs than in the control. At high concentrations of ZnONPs (50, 100, and 300 mg/L), biomass was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The shoot number was observed to be highest at 50 mg/L among all applied concentrations of ZnONPs. The levels of the stress markers proline and TBARS were found to be higher in shoots treated with 100 and 300 mg/L ZnONPs than in the control as well as NP-treated shoots. The levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased at high concentrations of nanoparticles compared with the control. Thus, synthesized phytomediated ZnONPs from shoots of O. arabicus and their application to the same organ of O. arabicus in vitro were found to be effective as a low concentration of nanoparticles promoted shoot growth, resulting in high biomass accumulation. Thus, using green nanotechnology, such endemic plants could be conserved in vitro and multiple shoots could be produced by reducing the phytohormone concentration for multiple uses, such as the production of potential secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Moringa oleifera Leaves and Pods Extracts in Pork Meatballs During Cold Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patcharee Prasajak ◽  
Phanida Renumarn ◽  
Wichien Sriwichai ◽  
Pakkawat Detchewa
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner

Effects of M. oleifera leaves and pods extracts on physicochemical properties, free radical scavenging properties, antimicrobial activities and sensory attributes of pork meatballs were evaluated during cold storage at 4°C for 15 days. The preparation of pork meatballs was divided into eight treatments as control, 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 0.2% leaves and pods aqueous extract, 0.4% leaves and pods aqueous extract, 0.8% leaves and pods aqueous extract. Aqueous leaves extract showed highest level of total phenolic (67.18 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid contents (5.60 mg CE/g extract) compared to those observed in aqueous pods extract as 55.17 mg GAE/g extract and 3.54 mg CE/g extract, respectively. The leaves extract had strongest antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals with IC50 49.85 μg/ml while the pods extract exhibited IC50 99.31 μg/ml. According to pork meatballs analysis, meatballs samples with addition of aqueous leaves extract exerted higher antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner that were performed by higher DPPH scavenging activity and lower TBARs values in comparison with aqueous pods extract. Conversely, M.oleifera pods extract showed highest antibacterial activity against all testedfoodborne bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus (TISTR 1466),Bacillus cereus (TISTR 678), Escherichia coli (TISTR 780), Salmonellatyphimurium (ATCC 13311) with lowest MIC (1.56 mg/ml) and MBC (3.13 mg/ml)in agreement with the decrease of total microbial counts as compared to controland BHT samples. The meatballs with pods extract possessed higher sensoryattributes scores than those added with the leaves extract. In conclusion, 0.8%pods extracts effectively retarded lipid oxidation as well as decreased microbialgrowth in pork meatballs during cold storage. However, it was point out thatinferior sensory scores were affected by increasing additional the extract in themeatballs. Therefore, the use of Moringa extracts should be carefully applied inthe meatballs for avoidance of lowering consumer acceptance.

Urea activation of K-Cl transport in human erythrocytes

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. C1018-C1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Kaji ◽  
C. Gasson
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Activated State ◽  
High Concentrations

This report prompted us to examine the effect of urea on K-Cl cotransport in human erythrocytes. In human erythrocytes, urea activated K-Cl cotransport reversibly and in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with okadaic acid abolished the urea activation of transport, suggesting that exposure to urea resulted in net dephosphorylation of the transporter or a key regulator and that the action of urea was exerted proximal to the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation step. At a concentration of 200 mM, urea activated K-Cl cotransport without any delay, even in the absence of cell swelling. However, with increasing urea concentrations, an appreciable increase in lag time was observed before the final steady-state flux was reached, suggesting that urea inhibits a regulatory kinase. The latter conclusion was also supported by the finding that, at any given urea concentration, the lag time for activation was greater than the lag time for deactivation. Mg depletion activated cotransport, and urea had no additional stimulatory effect in Mg-depleted cells. In urea-pretreated cells, swelling further activated cotransport, but without any measurable delay, in contrast to a time lag of 8 min when control cells (not exposed to urea) were swollen. The latter finding suggests that urea promotes the conversion of transporters from the resting to the partially activated state. These findings raise the possibility that high concentrations of urea in the renal medulla may play a role in the decrease in cell volume that occurs during the maturation of reticulocytes and young erythrocytes, both in normal subjects and in subjects with hemoglobinopathies.

scholarly journals Bioactivity, nutritional property, and rapid chemical characterization of aqueous extract of Annona muricata leaf from Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-617
Author(s):  
Ana V. Coria-Téllez ◽  
Eva N. Obledo-Vázquez ◽  
Eduardo Padilla-Camberos ◽  
Marisela González-Ávila ◽  
Moisés Martínez-Velázquez
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Cancer

Purpose: To investigate the bioactive and nutritional properties, as well as rapid chemical characterization of aqueous extract of Annona muricata leaf from Mexico Methods: The crude aqueous extract of A. muricata leaf was obtained by decoction. Cytotoxicity was tested against cervicouterine cancer cells (HeLa) using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Nutritional evaluation was carried out according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) procedures. Rapid qualitative chemical characterization of the extract was carried out by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) method. Results: The aqueous extract of A. muricata leaf showed cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and also antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Nutritional analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, vitamin C, Na, and Fe in the aqueous extract. DART-MS spectra showed the presence of alkaloids and phenols as the major components. Conclusion: The cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of A. muricata leaf lend some support for its traditional uses as anti-cancer remedy. These activities are probably due to its active secondary metabolites. Thus, the aqueous extract is a source of healthy nutritional components as well as a potential anti-cancer agent for humans.

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