scholarly journals Environmental niche divergence of species from Merodon ruficornis group (Diptera: Syrphidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Acanski ◽  
Marija Milicic ◽  
Laura Likov ◽  
Dubravka Milic ◽  
Snezana Radenkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Niche Divergence ◽  
Environmental Space

In this paper we analyzed environmental differentiation of closely related species from the Merodon ruficornis group. By applying principal component analysis (PCA) and environmental niche modelling (ENM)-based techniques, we estimated the level of niche divergence of closely related species. Our results indicate that ecology has an important role in the diversification process in related species from the M. ruficornis group. Distribution patterns of all analyzed species are mainly affected by the limiting effects of the temperature of the coldest quarter and month, as well as by the precipitation of the wettest and driest quarters. Our results demonstrated that among all related species, with the exception of M. ovaloides, overall or partial divergence in environmental space is present. Importantly, the results indicate that the environmental niches of all endemic species are restricted to smaller parts of the environmental space. In the case of niche overlap, the niches of endemic species are placed along the border of the realized niche of the widespread related species. For species in which distribution is not limited by geographical barriers, environmental preferences could be considered as limiting factors for further expansion, as in the case of M. alexandri, a lowland species with very strict climatic adaptations. Knowledge about the environmental factors that might influence the diversification process can provide an explanation for the high diversity in other Merodon species groups.

Niche conservatism predominates in adaptive radiation: comparing the diversification of Hawaiian arthropods using ecological niche modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E Hiller ◽  
Michelle S Koo ◽  
Kari R Goodman ◽  
Kerry L Shaw ◽  
Patrick M O’Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Species Comparisons

Abstract The role of the environmental niche in fostering ecological divergence during adaptive radiation remains enigmatic. In this study, we examine the interplay between environmental niche divergence and conservatism in the context of adaptive radiation on oceanic islands, by characterizing the niche breadth of four Hawaiian arthropod radiations: Tetragnatha spiders (Tetragnathidae Latreille, 1804), Laupala crickets (Gryllidae Otte, 1994), a clade of Drosophila flies (Drosophilidae Fallén, 1823) and Nesosydne planthoppers (Delphacidae Kirkaldy, 1907). We assembled occurrence datasets for the four lineages, modelled their distributions and quantified niche overlap. All four groups occupy the islands in distinct ways, highlighting the contrasting axes of diversification for different lineages. Laupala and Nesosydne have opposite environmental niche extents (broad and narrow, respectively), whereas Tetragnatha and Drosophila share relatively intermediate tolerances. Temperature constrains the distributions of all four radiations. Tests of phylogenetic signal suggest that, for Tetragnatha and Drosophila, closely related species exhibit similar environmental niches; thus, diversification is associated with niche conservatism. Sister species comparisons also show that populations often retain similar environmental tolerances, although exceptions do occur. Results imply that diversification does not occur through ecological speciation; instead, adaptive radiation occurs largely within a single environment.

scholarly journals Rhamnella intermedia (Rhamnaceae), a new evergreen species from southwest Guangxi

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Lu ◽  
Yongshuai Sun
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Nuclear Its

Rhamnella intermedia, a new evergreen species from southwest Guangxi, is described and illustrated in this study. This species is similar to R. brachycarpa by the size and ratio of length to width of dried fruit and seeds, by which it differs from R. rubrinervis and R. tonkinensis. However, it differs from R. brachycarpa by rarely mucronate seed apices, larger ratio of length to width of leaves, leaf apices acuminate to long acuminate, shorter leaf petioles, and longer fruiting pedicels. Principal component analysis based on phenotypic traits further recognised three separated groups. Rhamnella rubrinervis and R. tonkinensis were clustered into one group; the other two groups represented R. brachycarpa and two Guangxi populations, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ITS sequence variations highly supported that the two Guangxi populations represented an independent evolutionary lineage and were closest to R. rubrinervis. Four fixed nucleotide sites were found and were different from R. rubrinervis. However, besides the differentiated traits in seeds and fruit, densely pilose young branches also separated them from R. rubrinervis. In addition, during our field investigations, none of the three closely related species were found at locations where this new species was distributed. Therefore, this new species, based on the two Guangxi populations, is named R. intermedia. The key to four closely related species is also presented.

scholarly journals Miconia gigantea, a long-forgotten endemic and endangered species of Melastomataceae in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3 suppl) ◽  
pp. 1809-1818
Author(s):  
LILIAN P.G. DA ROSA ◽  
JOSÉ F.A. BAUMGRATZ ◽  
SEBASTIÃO J. DA SILVA NETO
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Floristic Studies ◽  
Occurrence Records

ABSTRACT Taxonomic and floristic studies in the state of Rio de Janeiro allowed the rediscovery of Miconia gigantea, an endemic species to the Atlantic Forest, until recently known only from the type specimen, collected over 100 years by A.F.M. Glaziou. We present an amended and detailed description of M. gigantea, providing characteristics of the flowers, fruits and seeds, in addition to illustrations, comments about taxonomic affinities with closely related species, the presently known distribution together with new occurrence records, and the conservation status.

Centaurea peltieri (Asteraceae), a new endemic species from the Oriental High Atlas of Morocco

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 523 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
Abdelmonaim HOMRANI BAKALI ◽  
A. SUSANNA
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
High Atlas

Centaurea peltieri (C. sect. Melanoloma) is described and illustrated as a new endemic species from the Oriental High Atlas of Morocco. The morphology of involucral bracts is the discriminant feature separating it from other closely related species of the section.

scholarly journals Clarification of the taxonomic identity, typification and nomenclature of Impatiens benthamii (Balsaminaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
R. Gogoi ◽  
B.B.T. Tham ◽  
N. Sherpa ◽  
J. Dihingia ◽  
S. Borah
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Distributional Range

Impatiens benthamii Steenis (Balsaminaceae) is re-collected from the type locality, Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India, almost 60 years since it was last collected. The history and nomenclatural complexity of this little-known endemic species is discussed. A clarification of the distributional range of the species is given due to previous erroneous reports. To facilitate its proper identification, a detailed description based on live materials and colour photographs is provided. The characters of Impatiens benthamii are compared to those of closely related species. A lectotype is designated.

scholarly journals Evolutionary drivers of polymorphic sexual signals in slender anoles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Prates ◽  
Annelise B. D’Angiolella ◽  
Miguel T. Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo R. Melo-Sampaio ◽  
Kevin de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Sexual Signals ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Environmental Space ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractPhenotypic variation among populations, as seen in the signaling traits of many species, provides an opportunity to test whether similar factors generate shared phenotypic patterns in different parts of a species’ range. We investigate whether genetic divergence, abiotic gradients, and sympatry with closely related species explain variation in the dewlap colors of slender anoles, Anolis fuscoauratus. To this aim, we characterized dewlap diversity in the field, inferred population genetic structure and evolutionary relationships, assessed whether dewlap morphs are associated with climate and landscape variables, and tested for non-random associations in the distribution of A. fuscoauratus morphs and sympatric Anolis species. We found that dewlap colors vary among but not within sites in A. fuscoauratus. Regional genetic clusters included multiple morphs, while populations with similar dewlaps were often distantly related. Morphs did not segregate in environmental space, suggesting that dewlaps are not locally adapted to abiotic factors. Instead, we found a negative association between certain morphs and Anolis species with similar relative dewlap brightness, suggesting that interactions with closely related species promoted dewlap divergence among A. fuscoauratus populations. Slender anoles emerge as a promising system to address questions about parallel trait evolution and the contribution of signaling traits to speciation.

Organization of a taxonomically diverse lizard assemblage in Amazonian Ecuador

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie J. Vitt ◽  
Peter A. Zani
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Microhabitat Distribution ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Of 22 lizard species studied in eastern Ecuador, 21 were diurnal. Ten were active foragers and 12 were sit-and-wait foragers. Considerable variation existed in habitat and microhabitat distribution and body temperatures among species. Body size varied over an order of magnitude (20–270 mm snout–vent length). Most morphological (size-free) variation among species (77%) was accounted for by two principal component axes and appears tied to phylogeny. Prey size was correlated with lizard size and species were separated by prey size. Low overlaps in microhabitat, habitat, and prey type also separated species. Pseudocommunity analysis indicated structure in the consumer–resource matrix. In some comparisons, prey overlaps among species were greater within than between higher taxa, and closely related species tended to be found in similar habitat patches and microhabitats, suggesting that resource-use patterns are determined to some extent by phylogeny. Ecology, morphology, and phylogeny appear tied together in a complex manner, with resource partitioning contributing to maintenance of structure. Historical interactions among closely related species may have been important in determining which species within particular clades invaded and persisted within local assemblages in lowland forest.

scholarly journals Distribution modelling of an introduced species: do adaptive genetic markers affect potential range?

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1935) ◽  
pp. 20201791
Author(s):  
Neftalí Sillero ◽  
Raymond B. Huey ◽  
George Gilchrist ◽  
Leslie Rissler ◽  
Marta Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Environmental Space ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Biological invasions have increased in the last few decades mostly due to anthropogenic causes such as globalization of trade. Because invaders sometimes cause large economic losses and ecological disturbances, estimating their origin and potential geographical ranges is useful. Drosophila subobscura is native to the Old World but was introduced in the New World in the late 1970s and spread widely. We incorporate information on adaptive genetic markers into ecological niche modelling and then estimate the most probable geographical source of colonizers; evaluate whether the genetic bottleneck experienced by founders affects their potential distribution; and finally test whether this species has spread to all its potential suitable habitats worldwide. We find the environmental space occupied by this species in its native and introduced distributions are notably the same, although the introduced niche has shifted slightly towards higher temperature and lower precipitation. The genetic bottleneck of founding individuals was a key factor limiting the spread of this introduced species. We also find that regions in the Mediterranean and north-central Portugal show the highest probability of being the origin of the colonizers. Using genetically informed environmental niche modelling can enhance our understanding of the initial colonization and spread of invasive species, and also elucidate potential areas of future expansions worldwide.

scholarly journals Climatic niche comparison between closely related trans-Palearctic species of the genus Orthocephalus (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10517
Author(s):  
Anna A. Namyatova
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
Niche Models

Previously climatic niche modelling had been studied for only a few trans-Palearctic species. It is unclear whether and to what extent those niches are different, and which climatic variables influence such a wide distribution. Here, environmental niche modelling is performed based on the Worldclim variables using Maxent for eight species of the genus Orthocephalus (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae). This group belongs to one of the largest insect families and it is distributed across Palearctic. Orthocephalus bivittatus, O. brevis, O. saltator and O. vittipennis are distributed across Europe and Asia; O. coriaceus, O. fulvipes, O. funestus, O. proserpinae have more limited distribution. Niche comparison using ENMTools was also undertaken to compare the niches of these species, and to test whether the niches of closely related species with trans-Palearctic distributions are more similar to each other, than to other congeners. It has been found that climatic niche models of all trans-Palearctic species under study are similar but are not identical to each other. This has been supported by niche geographic projections, climatic variables contributing to the models and variable ranges. Climatic niche models of all the trans-Palearctic Orthocephalus species are also very similar to two species having more restricted distribution (O. coriaceus, O. funestus). Results of this study suggest that trans-Palearctic distributions can have different geographic ranges and be shaped by different climatic factors.

scholarly journals DNA Barcoding of Two Narrow Endemic Plants; Astragalus Argaeus and Astragalus Stenosemioides from Mount Erciyes, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
handan Şapcı Selamoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Narrow Endemic

Abstract The genetic resources and biological diversity of countries are very important. Biodiversity and genetic resources should be protected, especially as endemic species. In this concept, DNA barcoding studies are an effective way to identify an unknown taxon and protected the biodiversity of a country. Astragalus argaeus and A. stenosemioides are narrow endemic species from Mt. Erciyes, Turkey. To determine its phylogenetic relationships and DNA barcoding, sequence data from the chloroplast DNA (matK region) were analyzed by parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. In this study, A. argaeus, A. stenosemioides samples, and 23 sequences from GenBank, including a closely related species were performed. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the matK gene region could clearly distinguish A. argaeus and A. stenosemioides from its closely related species. DNA barcoding surveys can contribute to taxonomic and biodiversity research, various molecular ecology, and population genetics studies. Also, it is possible to determine the species by separating the matK DNA gene region, which is one of the molecular characters, and A. argaeus and A. stenosemioides have been successfully barcoded for the first time; therefore, it has been shown that this gene region can be used for barcoding.

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