scholarly journals Sex steroid application reverses changes in rat castration cells: Unbiased stereological analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Nestorovic ◽  
Svetlana Trifunovic ◽  
Ivana Jaric ◽  
Milica Manojlovic-Stojanoski ◽  
Natasa Ristic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Gonadotropic Cells ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Post Operation

The aim of the present study was to examine the morphometric characteristics of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactive cells in the pituitaries of orchidectomized (Orx) and Orx testosterone- or estradiol-treated rats. Adult male Orx Wistar rats, 2 weeks post operation, received estradiol dipropionate (E) or testosterone propionate (T) for 3 weeks. Both controls, sham-operated (So) and Orx rats, were injected with solvent, in the same regime. Changes in the volume of pars distalis, the volumes of individual FSH- and LH-labeled cells, their numerical density and number were determined by unbiased design-based stereology. The FSH and LH intracellular content was estimated by relative intensity of fluorescence (RIF). We observed that Orx caused hyperstimulation of gonadotropic cells. Their volume, volume density, number, numerical density and intracellular hormone content significantly increased in comparison to So controls. Compared to Orx controls, T caused a significant decrease in the volume and volume density of gonadotropic cells and immunoreactive FSH and LH formations in their cytoplasm. The volume of the pars distalis, the numerical density and number of gonadotropic cells were not changed as compared to Orx controls. Estradiol treatment caused a significant increase in the volume of the pars distalis, decreases in cell volume, volume and numerical density of gonadotropic cells, and FSH and LH intracellular content in comparison to Orx controls. The number of FSH-labeled cells increased. In conclusion, both T and E reversed all of the examined parameters of gonadotropic cells of Orx rats to the level of So controls, except in number.

Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes in hepatocytes of alcohol-fed rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1100-1101
Author(s):  
D.C. Dominguez ◽  
J.T. Ellzey
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Paired Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Liver Peroxisomes ◽  
Single Lesion

Peroxisomes which participate in 1ipid metabolism have been shown to be altered in several metabolic disorders and toxic conditions. In alcoholic liver disease, the single lesion most frequently found is lipid accumu1ation in hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms for this 1ipid accumu1ation are not clear. The occurrence of modifications of liver peroxisomes due to excess alcohol consumption has not been subjected to a controlled study. We utilized a combination of cytochemica1 and morphometrictechniques to study the size and number of liver peroxisomes in rats fed an alcohol-supplemented diet compared to those of matched-paired control animals.Male Sprague-Daw1ey rats (400-500 g) received a liquid diet. The experimental group (N = 5/group) was fed a diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and the control group was fed an isocaloric diet to 30% EDC. A pair feeding procedure was employed to control for caloric intake. Small pieces of liver randomly selected, were fixed in 2.3% -glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, incubated in a DAB medium and postfixed with. 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide. EM photographs were taken from sections of 3 tissue blocks from each sample (7,200X) with a Zeiss EM10-A (60 kV). With the use of a point counting method and a digital planimeter the volume density (Vv) and numerical density (Nv) were determined.

scholarly journals Influence of High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Produced by Antennas for Mobile Communication on the Structure of the Pancreas in Rats: Histological and Unbiased Stereological Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-501
Author(s):  
D.Smiljana Paraš ◽  
B. Radoslav Gajanin ◽  
Lj. Maja Manojlović ◽  
Nj. Zoran Ružić
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Unexposed Group ◽  
Study Results

Abstract The emission of high frequency electromagnetic fields (HF EMF) produced by antennas for mobile communications has been controversially alleged to have adverse health effects. The aim of our work was to examine whether there are effects on living organisms from HF EMF produced by mobile communication antennas. In this experiment Wistar strain rats were exposed to HF EMF with the following characteristics: 1.9 GHz frequency, 0.24 A/m intensity, electric field strength of 4.79 V/m, and SAR (specific absorption rate) value of 2.0 W/m2. Exposure time was 7 hours per day, 5 days per week, over the course of sixty days. This experiment was conducted on a total of 30 male rats divided randomly into two equal groups: one group of animals was exposed to GSM fields (Global System of antennas for Mobile Communications) as described above whereas the other group of animals was not exposed to any GSM fields. In our study, results show that the quantity, diameter and numerical density of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreatic tissue increased in rats exposed to HF EMF compared to the unexposed group. The volume density, number and numerical density of pancreatic cells also changed in rats that were exposed to the HF EMF compared to the unexposed group. Our study shows a change in the stereological and histological parameters of rat pancreatic tissue due to the effects of HF EM fields produced by antennas for mobile communication.

scholarly journals Pituitary Hormone-producing Cells After Estradiol Application in Rat Models of Menopause

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Verica Milošević ◽  
Vladimir Ajdžanović
Keyword(s):  
Volume Density ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones

Abstract Female ageing represents the biological process of structural and functional changes in endocrine cells and tissues, as well as in pituitary hormone-producing cells. In addition to the hypothalamic releasing hormones, estradiol plays a significant role in the regulation of the synthesis/secretion of pituitary hormones and is still used therapeutically for menopausal symptoms. The effects of ageing or ovariectomy and synthetic estradiol application under these circumstances were evaluated in pituitary hormone-producing cells of female rats (animal models of menopause); i.e., the following cells were observed: gonadotropes (FSH and LH), thyrotropes (TSH), somatotropes (GH), mammotropes (PRL) and corticotropes (ACTH). The cells were immunostained and histologically analysed. The ELISA method was used for hormonal analyses. Ageing was found to cause diverse, commonly reductive changes regarding the volume, number and secretion of menopausal rat pituitary hormone- producing cells, except for PRL cells that exhibit significantly increased numbers and intensified secretion. After the treatment of middle-aged female rats wiThestradiol, the absolute and relative pituitary weights significantly increased in comparison with the control females. Histological parameters such as the cell and volume density of PRL and ACThcells were significantly increased compared with the control values. The mentioned parameters of FSH, LH, GH, and occasionally TSH cells after estradiol treatment significantly decreased in comparison with the controls. The corresponding hormone levels followed the changes in the histological parameters. These data indicate that the application of estradiol to menopausal females may specifically, in two directions, modify the histological characteristics and secretory activities of different pituitary-hormone producing cells..

scholarly journals Toxicological Profile of Nanostructured Bone Substitute Based on Hydroxyapatite and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) after Subchronic Oral Exposure of Rats

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Smiljana Paraš ◽  
Dijana Trišić ◽  
Olivera Mitrović Ajtić ◽  
Bogomir Prokić ◽  
Damjana Drobne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Toxicological Profile

Novel three-dimensional (3D) nanohydroxyapatite-PLGA scaffolds with high porosity was developed to better mimic mineral component and microstructure of natural bone. To perform a final assessment of this nanomaterial as a potential bone substitute, its toxicological profile was particularly investigated. Therefore, we performed a comet assay on human monocytes for in vitro genotoxicity investigation, and the systemic subchronic toxicity investigation on rats being per oral feed with exactly administrated extract quantities of the nano calcium hydroxyapatite covered with tiny layers of PLGA (ALBO-OS) for 120 days. Histological and stereological parameters of the liver, kidney, and spleen tissue were analyzed. Comet assay revealed low genotoxic potential, while histological analysis and stereological investigation revealed no significant changes in exposed animals when compared to controls, although the volume density of blood sinusoids and connective tissue, as well as numerical density and number of mitosis were slightly increased. Additionally, despite the significantly increased average number of the Ki67 and slightly increased number of CD68 positive cells in the presence of ALBO-OS, immunoreactive cells proliferation was almost neglected. Blood analyses showed that all of the blood parameters in rats fed with extract nanomaterial are comparable with corresponding parameters of no feed rats, taken as blind probe. This study contributes to the toxicological profiling of ALBO-OS scaffold for potential future application in bone tissue engineering.

VEGF and bFGF stimulate myocardial vascularization in embryonic chick

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. H1620-H1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Tomanek ◽  
Kapildeo Lotun ◽  
Edward B. Clark ◽  
Padma R. Suvarna ◽  
Norman Hu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Spongy Layer ◽  
Vessel Volume ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

We tested the hypothesis that early vascularization of the embryonic heart is enhanced after bolus injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) into the vitelline vein before the onset of myocardial vasculogenesis (3.5 days, stage 21). Electron and light microscopy were utilized to obtain morphometric data. At stages 29 and 31, myocardial vessel volume or numerical density were higher in embryos injected with 50 ng bFGF than in the saline-injected controls. A VEGF injection increased vascular volume density at stage 29 and both volume and numerical density at stage 31. bFGF, but not VEGF, was associated with an enhancement of the sinusoidal system (spongy layer of the ventricle) at stage 29. This effect disappeared by stage 31. In conclusion, 1) enhancement of bFGF or VEGF before myocardial vascularization increases vascular growth, but the initial effect of bFGF is greater; 2) the effects of these growth factors on vascular volume and numerical density are temporally dependent; and 3) bFGF, in addition to its effects on the coronary vasculature, influences ventricular modeling by apparently acting on myocytes as well as endothelial cells.

Atrazine-induced degranulation of thyroid mast cells in peripubertal and adult rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Rajkovic ◽  
Renata Kovac ◽  
Ivana Koledin ◽  
Milica Matavulj
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical

AbstractAtrazine is a commonly used pesticide in the US and the non-EU countries. It is classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and is well-known for its reproductive toxicity in mammals and lower vertebrates. The study on atrazine effects on thyroid mast cells was performed on juvenile/peripubertal and adult male Wistar rats orally gavaged with atrazine at doses of 50 mg/kg of body weight (bw) or 200 mg/kg bw. In order to visualize the mast cell population within the thyroid gland, a histochemical staining method of toluidine blue was used. The results of the histological evaluation demonstrated a prominent increase in mast cell degranulation in both age groups and at both atrazine doses. According to the stereological analysis, a statistically significant decrease in the mast cell volume density in the young rats exposed to a higher dose of atrazine was found when compared to the corresponding control. The numerical density of mast cells significantly decreased in a higher-dose atrazine treated adults in comparison to the control. The obtained data suggest that atrazine-affected mast cells would probably have a consequent influence on thyroid follicular cells and/or thyroid microvasculature via paracrine action of released mediators, but might also be involved in already suggested thyroid cancerogenesis.

scholarly journals Immunohistomorphometric Changes of The Pituitary Gonadotropic Cells After Testosterone Application in a Rat Model of the Andropause

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Nataša Ristić ◽  
Vladimir Ajdžanović ◽  
Dragana Petrović-Kosanović ◽  
Marko Miler ◽  
Gordana Ušćebrka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Gonadotropic Cells ◽  
Hormonal Content ◽  
Lh Cells

AbstractAndropause, the culminating phase of male ageing, is characterized by deregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis and low circulating free testosterone. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistomorphometric characteristics of the pituitary gonadotropic i.e. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH) producing cells after testosterone application in a rat model of the andropause. Middle-aged Wistar rats were divided into orchidectomized (ORX; n=8) and testosterone treated orchidectomized (ORX+T; n=8) groups. Testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg b.m./day) was administered for three weeks, while the ORX group received the vehicle alone. Immunohistochemically stained FSH and LH cells underwent morphometric and optical density-related analysis, while circulating concentrations of the sex steroids were measured by immunoassays. Serum concentrations of testosterone and estradiol were significantly (p<0.05) increased by 24 and 2.7 fold respectively, compared to the ORX group. The volume of FSH and LH cells was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 51.3% and 56.6% respectively, in comparison with ORX rats. Relative volume density of FSH and LH cells was also significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 54.0% and 72.8% respectively, compared to the ORX group. Results related to the optical density of gonadotropic cells (reflecting their hormonal content) were in line with the morphometric findings i.e. this parameter of FSH and LH cells was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 25.7% and 16.2% respectively, in comparison with ORX rats. Conclusion: In conclusion, applied testosterone increased the serum concentrations of sex steroids, as well as it decreased morphometric parameters and optical density of gonadotropic cells in ORX rats.

Liver and heart mitochondria in rats submitted to chronic hypobaric hypoxia

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
pp. C123-C129 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Costa ◽  
A. Boveris ◽  
O. R. Koch ◽  
A. C. Taquini
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Mitochondrial Mass ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
O2 Diffusion

Mitochondrial mass was determined in the heart and liver of rats submitted to 4,400 m (simulated altitude) for 9 mo and their controls at sea level. This was done 1) by evaluation of isolated mitochondrial protein per gram of tissue, 2) by evaluation of the ratio between cytochrome oxidase activity in tissue homogenate and in isolated mitochondria, and 3) by evaluation of mitochondrial numerical and volume density in fixed tissues analyzed by electron microscopy. An increase in mitochondrial mass and a more homogeneous distribution of mitochondria were found in liver. In cardiac tissue an increase in numerical density of mitochondria accompanied by a slight decrease in their mean volume was observed. Maximal physiological rate of mitochondrial respiration (state 3, active respiration), resting respiration, ADP/O, and acceptor control ratio were determined in the isolated mitochondria. No differences were found in the intrinsic properties of mitochondria. The results suggest that chronic mild hypoxia promotes tissue adaptation by increasing the mitochondrial mass or number in liver and heart, respectively, and improves intracellular O2 diffusion by adopting a more homogeneous intracellular distribution of mitochondria in the liver.

Protective role of diosmin against testosterone propionate-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats: Plausible role of oxidative stress and inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1133-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vafa ◽  
SM Afzal ◽  
P Barnwal ◽  
S Rashid ◽  
A Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Dose Dependent

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an important key health concern for aging men. Polyphenolic compounds have been found to possess important roles in the inhibition of numerous ailments that involve reactive oxygen species and inflammation. Diosmin is a citrus flavone that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticancer activities, so based on these properties of diosmin, we decided to evaluate its effect on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH. A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups having six animals in each. This study was of 28 days in which TP (5 mg kg−1) was administered to induce BPH in the last 10 days of the study. It was found that diosmin at the doses of 20 and 40 mg kg−1 significantly reduced malondialdehyde and xanthine oxidase formation in a dose-dependent manner; however, it replenished catalase, glutathione (GSH), and GSH-dependent enzymes, that is, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione- S-transferase significantly against TP-induced BPH. Further, immunohistochemical study showed that diosmin alleviated inflammatory markers (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-6). It was also found that diosmin downregulated the expression of androgen receptor and decreased the prostate-specific antigen concentration dose-dependently, significantly against TP-induced BPH. Diosmin also restored histoarchitecture of the prostate in a dose-dependent manner. Findings from the present study revealed the protective role of diosmin against TP-induced BPH in Wistar rats.

Brief perinatal hypoxia impairs postnatal development of the bronchiolar epithelium

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. L80-L85 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Massaro ◽  
J. Olivier ◽  
D. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Clara Cell ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Perinatal Hypoxia ◽  
Clara Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Bronchiolar Epithelium

We placed pregnant rats in 10% O2 on the last day of gestation for less than or equal to 9 h plus 1-2 h (with their pups) after the onset of delivery. In the pups this brief perinatal hypoxia led to an altered cellular composition of the bronchiolar epithelium that persisted at least to age 30 days; it was characterized by a higher nuclear numerical density (Nvn) of Clara cells, a lower Nvn of ciliated cells, and a lower percentage and Nvn of Clara cells in mitoses compared with control rats. The perinatal hypoxia also led to a significantly lower volume and volume density of the secretory apparatus (rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules) on day 7 in 10% O2-born rats. The data on the Nvn of Clara and ciliated cells and on Clara cell mitoses are consistent with the notion that exposure to 10% O2 impaired the differentiation of Clara cells into ciliated cells and this impairment persisted well beyond the period of exposure.

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