scholarly journals The effects of Douglas fir monoculture on stand characteristics in a zone of Montane beech forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kostic ◽  
Snezana Jaric ◽  
Gordana Gajic ◽  
Dragana Pavlovic ◽  
Milica Markovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Biodiversity Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The right choice of tree species to form forest cultures is of paramount importance to the preservation of the diversity, fertility and ecological stability of forest ecosystems. To that end, we examined the effect of a 40-year-long cultivation of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco) on the floristic composition, characteristics of the forest floor, physical and chemical properties of the soil and the intensity of organic matter decomposition in a beech forest in western Serbia (Mt. Maljen). It was found that the cultivation of Douglas fir caused a reduction in biodiversity, changes in the chemical properties of the soil, that were most pronounced in the surface layers (0-10 cm), and a slowing down in the metabolism of the beech stand. The absence of many plant species characteristic to natural beech forests was observed in the Douglas fir plantation, these were reflected in the detected changes in the chemical properties of the soil, such as lower substitutional acidity (p<0.05), depletion of the adsorption of basis in the cation complex (p<0.001) and lower amounts of C, N, P (p<0.001) and K (p<0.01) in relation to the beech stand (control). No differences were found in soil moisture and active acidity levels. The higher value of the C/N ratio of the Douglas fir litter (p<0.001) provided proof for its lower decomposition rate compared to beech litter (p<0.05). Over time, all these changes could lead to further acidification and degradation of the soil and a reduction in this ecosystem?s productivity.

scholarly journals The effects of forty years of spruce cultivation in a zone of beech forest on mt. Maljen (Serbia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kostic ◽  
Miroslava Mitrovic ◽  
Snezana Jaric ◽  
L. Djurdjevic ◽  
Gordana Gajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Adsorption Complex ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study investigates the effects of the forty-year cultivation of Picea abies on the floristic composition, physical and chemical soil characteristics, and the intensity of organic matter decomposition in a zone of mountainous beech forest (mt. Maljen, northwestern Serbia). The long-term cultivation of conifers in a deciduous habitat has caused a reduction in biodiversity, as well as changes in the soil which were most pronounced in the top soil layer. There were found to be lower soil moisture levels (p<0.05), lower active (p<0.01) and substitutional acidity (p<0.001), depletion of the adsorption complex in base cations (p<0.001), and lower levels of n, P and K (p<0.001) in the spruce stand in relation to the beech stand (control). The higher C/n ratio of spruce litter (p<0.001) caused its lower decomposition rate in comparison to beech litter (p<0.01). All these changes have led to degradation and a reduction in this ecosystem?s productivity.

scholarly journals Characterization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Effervescent Tablets Temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) in the Various Proportion of Sodium Bicarbonate and Tartaric Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Herlina ◽  
Nita Kuswardhani ◽  
Maria Belgis ◽  
Adinda Tiara
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of comparative treatment of the proportion of Sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid on the physical and chemical properties of effervescent tablets temulawak, as well as knowing the proportions of sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid right to produce a good effervescent tablets temulawak. The research method uses a single completely randomized design namely the ratio of sodium bicarbonate: tartaric acid, (F1 = 2.0: 2.5; F2 = 2.5: 2.0; F3 = 3.0; 1.3; F4 = 3 , 5: 1,0, and F5 = 4.0: 0.5y). each treatment was repeated 3 (three) times. The resulted data were analyzed by ANOVA test. The results showed that the proportion of sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid significantly affected color lightness, hardness, hygroscopicity, solubility times, water content, ash content, and not significantly affect viscosity and pH. The right proportion of sodium bicarbonate acid tartaric acid for making effervescent tablets temulawak is A1 treatment (proportion of sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid 2.0: 2.5) with the attributes of water content of 66.72%, hardness of 2.20 kg, hygroscopicity of 25.43 g, solubility times of 35 seconds, viscosity 1.75 MPa.S, water content 1.19%, ash content 3.10%, and pH = 5.1.

Ecological and Economic Importance of Wetlands and Their Vulnerability

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipto Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Biodiversity Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Wetlands show a diversity of appearances like salt marshes, tidal wetlands, inland freshwater wetlands, riparian wetlands, peat lands, and many other types. Each of the types host diverse biotic communities of flora and fauna. This biodiversity changes according to the physical and chemical properties of wetlands, climate, and the geological location. This biodiversity regulates the local ecosystem, carbon sequestration, fuelwood supply, fishery-based industries, and on many other ecological and socioeconomic aspects. In addition, the wetlands have other ecological aspects like maintaining freshwater quality by sedimentation, nutrient conservation, etc. However, around the world, the wetlands are subjected to several types of threats like both anthropogenic and natural. This study is a short review work on some of the outcomes of the studies of researchers around the world to see the importance of different types of wetlands, the threats to them by anthropogenic or natural causes, and focus areas for management strategy development.

UJI SIFAT FISIKA-KIMIA DAN IDENTIFIKASI FENIL ETIL ALKOHOL MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA MAWAR HASIL EKSTRAKSI PELARUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nur Malasari ◽  
RTM Sutamihardja ◽  
Amry Syawaalz
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Test of Physical and chemical Properties  and Identification of Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol of Essential Oil Roses from Solvent ExtractionThe technology of extraction of roses oil currently is developed in small scale industries through distillation. However, this technology has many disadvantages. To overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to do research by using solvent extraction vapor (solvent extraction).This study was conducted to determine the type of solvent and the right ratio of solvent to obtain the highest "concrete" and "absolute" yields on the extraction of roses. The solvents chosen in this study were n-hexane, petroleum ether and ethanol with a ratio of 1: 3, 1: 4 and 1: 5 w / v. The 1: 5 w / v n-hexane solvent was the right solvent for extracting roses with the highest "concrete" and "absolute" yield levels for the perfume making of 0.85% and 0.07%. The main chemical component of rose essential oil detected by KGSM is phenyl ethyl alcohol with the highest phenyl ethyl alcohol content found in "absolute" of 1: 4 w / v n-hexane extraction of 6.53%.Keywords: Rose Flower, Essential Oil, Ekstraksi pelarutABSTRAK Teknologi ekstraksi minyak bunga mawar saat ini yang berkembang pada industri skala kecil yaitu penyulingan. Namun, teknologi ini memiliki banyak kelemahan. Untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan ekstraksi pelarut mudah menguap (solvent extraction). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui  jenis pelarut dan perbandingan pelarut yang tepat untuk memperoleh rendemen “concrete” dan “absolut” tertinggi pada hasil ekstraksi bunga mawar. Pelarut yang dipilih pada penelitian ini adalah  n-heksana, petroleum eter dan etanol dengan perbandingan 1:3, 1:4 dan 1:5 b/v. Pelarut n-heksana 1:5 b/v  adalah pelarut yang tepat untuk mengekstraksi bunga mawar dengan kadar rendemen “concrete” dan “absolut”  tertinggi untuk pembuatan parfum sebesar  0,85 % dan 0,07%. Komponen kimia utama minyak atsiri bunga mawar yang terdeteksi oleh KGSM adalah fenil etil alkohol dengan kadar fenil etil alkohol tertinggi terdapat pada “absolut” hasil ekstraksi n-heksana 1:4 b/v sebanyak 6,53%.Kata kunci: Bunga Mawar, Minyak Atsiri, Solvent Extraction

scholarly journals Research of different adjuvants and yeast dosages in honey fermentation process

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Cristina Sarba ◽  
Adrian Timar ◽  
Alexandru Mărghitaş
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In order to ferment honey it is necessary to add in the fermentation environment some substances with the role of adjuvants, to improve the honey must composition and to help the fermentation process. There were tested 2 different combination of adjuvants which were analyzed in the fermentation process. Also the physical and chemical properties of the final products were analyzed. After establishing the most suitable mix of adjuvants it was necessary to test the right dosage of the yeast used to metabolized sugars: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in order to obtain appropriate organoleptic properties.

Effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculants on survival and growth of interior Douglas-fir seedlings on reforestation sites and partially rehabilitated landings

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
François P Teste ◽  
Margaret G Schmidt ◽  
Shannon M Berch ◽  
Chuck Bulmer ◽  
Keith N Egger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Poor Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

We studied the effects of commercially available (Laccaria laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Berk. & Br. and Rhizopogon parksii Smith (Oregon source)) and native (R. parksii (British Columbia source)) ectomycorrhizal (EM) inoculants on the survival and growth of commercially grown interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) seedlings outplanted on reforestation sites (burned piles and clearcuts) and partially rehabilitated (shallow- and deep-tilled to a depth of 15 and 50 cm, respectively) landings. We also examined the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the EM status and foliar element levels of noninoculated Douglas-fir seedlings to provide information on the growing conditions found on these types of sites. Inoculation treatments did not significantly increase survival and growth of Douglas-fir seedlings 2 years after outplanting. However, because the average percent EM colonization of inoculated seedlings at time of outplanting was low (36%), the beneficial effects of these inoculants may not have been attained. It is possible that nursery conditions partially account for the low EM colonization of inoculated seedlings. We therefore suggest that nurseries try to modify growing conditions to favor good EM formation before outplanting interior Douglas-fir. Benefits of inoculations on landings may have been restricted by the poor soil conditions, potentially toxic levels of Fe and Al, and competition from well-adapted native EM fungi.

scholarly journals Effects of Graphite Oxide Nanoparticle Size on the Functional Properties of Layer-by-Layer Coated Flexible Foams

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Lorenza Maddalena ◽  
Julio Gomez ◽  
Alberto Fina ◽  
Federico Carosio
Keyword(s):  
Graphite Oxide ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Pu Foams

The exploitation of self-assembled coatings comprising graphite oxide (GO) nanoplates has been recently demonstrated as a promising route to improve the fire safety of flexible polyurethane (PU) foams. However, limited knowledge has been gathered on the correlations between the physical and chemical properties of different GO grades and the performance obtained in this application. This work addresses the effects of the nanoparticle dimensions on the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly and flame-retardant properties of GO-based coatings deposited on PU foams. To this aim, three GO bearing different lateral sizes and thicknesses were selected and LbL-assembled with chitosan (CHIT). Coating growth and morphology were evaluated by FTIR and FESEM, respectively. The resulting CHIT/GO assemblies were demonstrated to be capable of slowing down the combustion of the PU both in flammability and forced combustion tests. In addition, compressive stress/strain tests pointed out that the LbL-coated foams (22–24 kg/m3) could easily replace denser commercial PU foam (40–50 kg/m3) with weight reduction potentials in the transport field. These results are correlated with the properties of the employed GO. The production of assemblies characterized by a high density of CHIT/GO interfaces is identified as the main parameter controlling the FR efficiency and the mechanical properties of the coatings.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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