scholarly journals The activity of different extracts from Panax quinquefolium L. cultures against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus with respect to ginsenoside content

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sienkiewicz ◽  
Anna Głowacka ◽  
Edward Kowalczyk ◽  
Ewa Kochan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Panax Quinquefolium ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Ginsenoside Content

Ginsenosides can be isolated from various cultures of Panax quinquefolium L., American ginseng. The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts from leaves, stalks, hairy root cultures and field roots of P. quinquefolium L. containing ginsenosides against Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from various clinical materials. The agar well diffusion assay was used to evaluate microbial growth inhibition at various concentrations of extracts. The susceptibility of the clinical isolates to recommended antibiotics was determined with the disk-diffusion method. The results showed that the tested extracts inhibited the growth of all S. aureus clinical isolates, including MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) with MIC values ranging from 0.5 mg/mL to 1.7 mg/mL. The level of antimicrobial activity of extracts depends on the ginsenoside content. Both field roots and hairy root cultures represent excellent sources of these metabolites. Extracts with ginsenosides were found to inhibit multidrug-resistant staphylococci and can be a valuable complement to antistaphylococcal therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of Carvacrol on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 6211-2019
Author(s):  
ERHAN KEYVAN ◽  
HIDAYET TUTUN
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

The occurrence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an important causative agent of mastitis in cattle and of foodborne diseases. It is a worldwide concern, making it essential to develop alternative treatments to fight against the bacteria. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the ability of carvacrol to inhibit the growth of S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk in Turkey’s Burdur Province. All strains (n = 31) were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol, including the methicillin-resistant S. aureus and strains from the American Type Culture Collection and England’s National Collection of Type Cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined via a microdilution method, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles via a disk diffusion method. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 20 strains (64.5%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 8 strains (25.8%). Carvacrol exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, with MIC value at 0.058-0.234 mg/ml, in the microdilution method. Inhibition zones of carvacrol were in the range of 19 to 45 mm. The results of this study emphasize the promising role of carvacrol among new antibacterial agents that can combat S. aureus strains.

scholarly journals Panax quinquefolium L. Ginsenosides from Hairy Root Cultures and Their Clones Exert Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Activity towards Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Kochan ◽  
Adriana Nowak ◽  
Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda ◽  
Daria Szczuka ◽  
Grażyna Szymańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Panax Quinquefolium ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cell

American ginseng, Panax quinquefolium (L.), is traditionally used in folk medicine. It exhibits a range of anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Its main components are ginsenosides, also known as panaxosides or triterpene saponins. In order to obtain high yields of ginsenosides, different methods of controlled production are involved, i.e., with hairy root cultures. However, they are still employed under in vitro conditions. Our studies revealed that hairy root cultures subjected to an elicitation process can be considered as a potent source of ginsenosides. The present study examines the biological activity of ginseng hairy root cultures against the Caco-2 human adenocarcinoma cell line. Among our six different clones of P. quinquefolium hairy roots, extracts B and Be (treated with elicitor) were the strongest inhibitors of the cellular metabolic activity. While all extracts induced DNA damage, B and Be also generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner, which was correlated with the depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of apoptosis. These findings indicate that further research concerning P. quinquefolium hairy root cultures should focus on the activity of rare ginsenosides and other biologically active compound profiles (i.e., phenolic compounds).

scholarly journals Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Purulent Subcutaneous Lesions of Farm Rabbits

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Telma de Sousa ◽  
Paula Gómez ◽  
Carolina Sabença ◽  
Madalena Vieira-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are one of the main pathogens associated with purulent infections. MRSA clonal complex 97 (CC97) has been identified in a wide diversity of livestock animals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of MRSA strains isolated from purulent lesions of food-producing rabbits. Samples from purulent lesions of 66 rabbits were collected in a slaughterhouse in Portugal. Samples were seeded onto ORSAB plates with 2 mg/L of oxacillin for MRSA isolation. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method against 14 antimicrobial agents. The presence of resistance genes, virulence factors and the immune evasion cluster (IEC) system was studied by polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), agr and spa typing. From the 66 samples analyzed, 16 (24.2%) MRSA were detected. All strains were classified as multidrug-resistant as they were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. All isolates showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seven isolates were resistant to gentamicin and harbored the aac(6′)-Ie-aph (2″)-Ia gene. Resistance to tetracycline was detected in 10 isolates harboring the tet(K) gene. The IEC genes were detected in three isolates. MRSA strains belonged to CC97, CC1, CC5, CC15 or CC22. The isolates were assigned to six different spa types. In this study we found a moderate prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains in food-producing rabbits. This may represent concern for food safety and public health, since cross-contamination may occur, leading to the spread of MRSA and, eventually, the possibility of ingestion of contaminated meat.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Aloe vera Gel against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Usman A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel

Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been implicated as important nosocomial pathogens causing severe infections especially in hospitalized patients. The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial activity of Aloe vera gel against multidrug resistant S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolated from wound. Clinical isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from wound infection were collected from Microbiology laboratory of Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital (BDTH), Kaduna and re-confirmed using standard microbiological procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Aloe vera gel was obtained fresh matured leaves of Aloe vera plant and was screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents. Antibacterial activity of the Aloe vera gel against Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was determined by agar well diffusion technique. The result revealed that all the two isolates were resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics. The Staphylococcus aureus isolate was resistant to fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin), aminoglycoside (gentamicin), cephalosporin (cefaroline), folate pathway antagonist (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), penicillin(cefoxitin) and macrolide (erythromycin) while the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate was resistant to βlactam (ticarcillin-clavulanate), fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), aminoglycoside (gentamicin) and cephalosporin (ceftazidime)hence regarded as MDR isolates. Phytochemical screening of the gel revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. The Aloe vera gel was found to have antibacterial activity against the test isolates with MIC and MBC values of 25µg/mL and 50µg/mL against MDR S. aureus 50µg/mL and 100µg/mL against MDR P. aeruginosa respectively. The study identified that Aloe vera gel possesses antibacterial activity against MDR S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolated from wound infection. Keywords: Aloe vera gel, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibacterial, MDR

scholarly journals Levonadifloxacin: A Novel Approved Drug Exhibiting Potent In vitro Activity against Gram Positive Bacterial Isolates from Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Siddiqui ◽  
Rafat Shamim ◽  
Sangram Singh Patel ◽  
Chinmoy Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Levonadifloxacin is a novel antibiotic belonging to the benzoquinolizine subclass of fluoroquinolone with potent activity against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Quinolone Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (QRSA). Both intravenous levonadifloxacin and its oral formulation have recently been approved in India for the treatment of acute bacterial skin related infections. Aim: To assess the activity of levonadifloxacin against gram positive clinical isolates collected from Intensive Care Units (ICUs) using the disk-diffusion method. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study where non duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and other gram positive isolates from various clinical samples from all Intensive Care Units (ICUs) were collected from June to December 2020 and subjected to levonadifloxacin susceptibility testing (disk diffusion method) as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, 2020. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.0. Results: A total of 142 gram positive clinical isolates collected from all ICUs of the hospital were analysed. These isolates included coagulase negative S. aureus 109 (76.8%), S. aureus 21 (14.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis 12 (8.4%). All the gram positive isolates of the study were susceptible to levonadifloxacin as per the prespecified interpretive criteria identified based on population pharmacokinetic model and Monte Carlo simulation enabled probability of pharmacodynamic target attainment analysis. Conclusion: Results of this in vitro study shows good activity of levonadifloxacin against gram positive isolates including difficult to-treat methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates collected from ICU patients.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Reduced Susceptibility to Glycopeptides in a Parisian Hospital

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2985-2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Guerin ◽  
Annie Buu-Hoï ◽  
Jean-Luc Mainardi ◽  
Guillaume Kac ◽  
Nathalie Colardelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Standard Disk

Epidemiological relationships were investigated between 40 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with decreased glycopeptide susceptibility isolated from November 1998 to March 1999 from 39 patients (17 infected and 22 colonized patients) in nine wards of the Broussais Hospital, Paris, France. Reduced glycopeptide susceptibility was readily detected on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar containing 6 μg of teicoplanin per ml and on gradient plates, but not by the standard disk diffusion method. The MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin, determined on BHI agar, were 4 and 8 to 32 μg/ml, respectively (standard antibiotic dilution), and 4 to 8 and 8 to 32 μg/ml, respectively (E-test). All strains were resistant to macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, rifampin, sulfonamides, and pefloxacin, showed reduced susceptibility to fusidic acid and fosfomycin, and were susceptible to trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and lysotyping revealed that a multidrug-resistant MRSA clone with decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides has been discretely endemic since at least 1996 in our institution, where it was responsible for an outbreak in November and December 1998.

scholarly journals Coproduction of Extended Spectrum, AmpC and Metallo β- Lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Super Speciality Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Ashna Bhasin Poonam Loomba ◽  
Abha Sharma Bibhabati Mishra ◽  
Ashish Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the leading causes of hospital as well as community acquired infections. They’re strenuous to treat as most of isolates exhibit various degrees of beta- lactamase mediated resistance to majority of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Single isolate can express multiple β- lactamase enzymes, further limiting the treatment options. Therefore, this study was outlined to research the coexistence of various beta-lactamase enzymes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The aim of the study was to detect the co-prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta lactmases (ESBL), AmpC and Metallo β-Lactamases (MBL) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a superspeciality center. Fifty clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were tested for the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase, extended spectrum beta- lactamase (ESBL) and metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) enzyme. Discernment of AmpC beta-lactamase was performed by disk antagonism while ESBL detection was done by the combined disk diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and MBL were detected by the Imipenem EDTA disk potentiation test. Eleven of 50 (22%) isolates were confirmed to be positive for AmpC and Extended spectrum beta lactamases. Co-production of AmpC along side ESBL and MBL was reported in 12 % isolates. The study shows the high prevalence of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa producing beta-lactamase enzymes of diverse mechanisms. Consequently, formulation of a correct antibiotic policy and taking measures to restrict the indiscriminative use of cephalosporins and carbapenems should be taken to mitigate the emergence of this multiple beta-lactamase producing pathogens.

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