scholarly journals Immunohistochemical detection and gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 in intrinsic cardiac ganglia of socially isolated rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1645-1651
Author(s):  
Predrag Jovanovic ◽  
Nela Puskas ◽  
Bojana Stefanovic ◽  
Natasa Spasojevic ◽  
Sladjana Dronjak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Vesicular Monoamine Transporter ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cardiac Ganglia ◽  
Intrinsic Cardiac Ganglia ◽  
Social Isolation Stress

Social isolation induced a significant increase in resting heart rate and reduction in heart rate variability. Dysfunction of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system is implicated in the genesis of cardiovascular diseases. Previous evidence suggests that cardiac ganglia contain noradrenergic neurons. Thus, immunohistochemical expression of catecholaminesynthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) were analyzed, as well as the effects of social isolation stress on mRNA and protein levels of this enzyme and transporter in the intrinsic cardiac nervous system of adult rats. Our results indicate that cardiac ganglion neurons express TH and VMAT2 immunoreactivity. Chronic isolated stress of rats caused a decrease in TH mRNA and VMAT2 mRNA in the neurons of intrinsic cardiac ganglia. No significant alterations in the protein levels of TH and VMAT2 were observed in these neurons. These data indicate that the neurons of intrinsic cardiac ganglia express TH as well as VMAT2 but that social isolation stress does not change their protein levels.

T1677 Changes in Ghrelin or Upper Gastrointestinal-Associated Factor Gene Expression in Mice That Are Under Social Isolation Stress or Restricted Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. A-556
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takeda ◽  
Shuichi Muto ◽  
Takehiko Katsurada ◽  
Yayoi Inagaki ◽  
Kazuaki Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Associated Factor ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Social Isolation Stress ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Social isolation stress down-regulates cortical early growth response 1 (Egr-1) expression in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinzo Matsumoto ◽  
Kazuya Ono ◽  
Hirofumi Ouchi ◽  
Ryohei Tsushima ◽  
Yukihisa Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Early Growth Response ◽  
Social Isolation Stress ◽  
Early Growth Response 1

scholarly journals Involvement of the nitrergic system in the proconvulsant effect of social isolation stress in male mice

2018 ◽  
Vol WCP2018 (0) ◽  
pp. PO3-1-25
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Vahid Nikoui ◽  
Jamal Ahmad ◽  
Bashir Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Social Isolation Stress

scholarly journals PPAR-α Hypermethylation in the Hippocampus of Mice Exposed to Social Isolation Stress Is Associated with Enhanced Neuroinflammation and Aggressive Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10678
Author(s):  
Francesco Matrisciano ◽  
Graziano Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Social Isolation Stress ◽  
Socially Isolated

Social behavioral changes, including social isolation or loneliness, increase the risk for stress-related disorders, such as major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide, which share a strong neuroinflammatory etiopathogenetic component. The peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α, a newly discovered target involved in emotional behavior regulation, is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor and a transcription factor that, following stimulation by endogenous or synthetic ligands, may induce neuroprotective effects by modulating neuroinflammation, and improve anxiety and depression-like behaviors by enhancing neurosteroid biosynthesis. How stress affects epigenetic mechanisms with downstream effects on inflammation and emotional behavior remains poorly understood. We studied the effects of 4-week social isolation, using a mouse model of PTSD/suicide-like behavior, on hippocampal PPAR-α epigenetic modification. Decreased PPAR-α expression in the hippocampus of socially isolated mice was associated with increased levels of methylated cytosines of PPAR-α gene CpG-rich fragments and deficient neurosteroid biosynthesis. This effect was associated with increased histone deacetylases (HDAC)1, methyl-cytosine binding protein (MeCP)2 and decreased ten-eleven translocator (TET)2 expression, which favor hypermethylation. These alterations were associated with increased TLR-4 and pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., TNF-α,), mediated by NF-κB signaling in the hippocampus of aggressive mice. This study contributes the first evidence of stress-induced brain PPAR-α epigenetic regulation. Social isolation stress may constitute a risk factor for inflammatory-based psychiatric disorders associated with neurosteroid deficits, and targeting epigenetic marks linked to PPAR-α downregulation may offer a valid therapeutic approach.

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