scholarly journals The chemical composition of the floral extract of Epipogium aphyllum sw. (Orchidaceae): A clue for their pollination biology

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jakubska-Busse ◽  
Izabela Jasicka-Misiak ◽  
Anna Poliwoda ◽  
Emilia Święczkowska ◽  
Paweł Kafarski
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Methyl Cinnamate ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Pollination Systems

Epipogium aphyllum is a rare European obligate mycoheterotrophic orchid lacking chlorophyll. It has not been studied previously with respect to pollination biology. We studied the association between the composition of floral scent emission and its pollination systems. Field observation indicates that the main pollinators of Epipogium aphyllum are representatives of the genus Bombus (Hymenoptera), B. lucorum, B. hortorum, B. terrestris, B. pascuorum and B. proteus, and the genus Apis (Hymenoptera) namely A. mellifera. The main potential vector (observed to accidentally carry pollen), is most likely Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera, Syrphidae). The chemical composition of the floral extracts of 4 populations of Epipogium aphyllum Sw. growing naturally in Poland and the Czech Republic was examined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) techniques. According to GC-MS analysis, 9-tricosene, nonadecane, 1-nonadecene and nonacosane predominated in the floral extracts. The studied samples were also characterized by relatively high amounts of benzenoids, e.g. methyl cinnamate, which is known as an attractant to the males of various orchid bees. LC-ESI-MS revealed the presence of flavor compounds such as vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) and its derivative acetovanillone, together with higher amounts of aliphatic and phenolic acids. Additionally, we detected the presence of indole and morphine derivatives.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Qualitative Chemical Composition of Extracts from Ageratina havanensis Collected in Two Different Phenological Stages by FIA-ESI-IT-MSn and UPLC/ESI-MSn: Antiviral Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trina H. García ◽  
Claudia Quintino da Rocha ◽  
Marcelo J. Dias ◽  
Liudis L. Pino ◽  
Gloria del Barrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The flowers and leaves of Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Robinson are traditionally used as a tea to cure several diseases. The production of active secondary metabolites can be affected by several environmental factors such as climate, altitude, rainfall, phenological stage and other conditions that may influence the growth of plants. In this sense, the development of a methodology to compare the chemical composition of plant extracts is needed. The qualitative chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extracts of flowers and leaves, collected in both reproductive and non-reproductive season, was determined by flow injection analysis-electrospray ionization-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MSn) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray negative ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MSn). The qualitative chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extracts of flowers and leaves was very similar in all cases. Also the antiviral activity of flowers against human herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) ( Herpesviridae) was analyzed. Three glucoside flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of A. havanensis collected in flowering season using chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by physical and spectroscopic data measurements, and by comparing the obtained data with previously published values. The compounds were identified as 3- O-β-D-glucosyl-7-methoxyaromadendrin (5), 7- O-β-D-glucosyl-4′-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone (6) and 5- O-β-D-glucosylsakuranetin (7); this is the first report of the isolation of these compounds in the Asteraceae family. Since the qualitative composition of the extracts of A. havanensis was similar in all cases, it can be expected that the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves collected in the non-reproductive season has anti-herpetic activity similar to that obtained in the reproductive season.

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