scholarly journals The relevance of oxidative stress balance (Superoxide dismutase versus malondialdehyde) in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Răzvana Danulescu ◽  
Ciobica Alin ◽  
Stanciu Carol ◽  
Ana Maria ◽  
Raluca Iorga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Increased Risk

Among bacterial infections associated with hepatic cirrhosis, the most common is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Despite different protective measures, such as early diagnosis, therapy with albumin and the introduction of new antibiotics, the prognosis of these patients remains poor, with a mortality rate of 20-40%. In this context, the identification of patients with increased risk of death is extremely important for improving the prognosis. Thus, there is growing interest for studying the effects and mechanisms of oxidative stress, considering the requirements for identifying new substances with hepatoprotective functions and reducing various adverse effects. In this study, we assessed oxidative stress markers, the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the marker of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), in the serum and ascitic fluid in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and SBP, in patients diagnosed with decompensated liver cirrhosis with ascites and in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Increased oxidative stress, demonstrated by a significant decrease of SOD and increase in MDA levels, was observed in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and SBP, compared with those without SBS, as well as those with compensated liver cirrhosis. Measuring these oxidative stress markers could have a fundamental importance in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of this liver pathology.

scholarly journals Basic Studies on the Oxidative Stress Markers in Two Types of Horse Breed: Semi-isolated Population of Huculs Is Different from Commercially Used Arabian Horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Bażanów ◽  
Elżbieta Chełmecka ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
Dominika M. Stygar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Oxidant Status

Hucul and Arabian horses differ in the physiological constitution and exposition to environmental conditions. Oxidative stress plays a pathogenic role in many diseases and enables further injuries. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxidative stress markers in Hucul horses living in seminatural conditions and in commercially handled Arabian horses. We tested the serum samples for total superoxide dismutase (total SOD), Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), and Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity; for lipofuscin (LPS), ceruloplasmin (CER) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration; and for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS). Total SOD (p<0.001), MnSOD (p<0.001), and CuZnSOD (p<0.001) activities were significantly higher whereas LPS (p<0.05), TAC (p<0.001), TOS (p<0.001), and MDA (p<0.001) concentrations were significantly lower in the serum samples collected from Huculs vs. Arabian horses, regardless of the gender. Gender, regardless of the breed, had no significant impact on the antioxidants’ activity and concentration. Total SOD and MnSOD activities were significantly higher in Hucul’s mares when compared to Hucul’s stallions. Concentrations of TAC and TOS were significantly lower in Arabian stallions than in Arabian mares. Commercially handled horses expressed a higher level of oxidative stress markers in comparison to breeds living in seminatural conditions. We conclude that antioxidants are important biomarkers of animal health, whether they are under maintenance care or performing physical exercise.

scholarly journals General, 21-Day Postoperative Rehabilitation Program Has Beneficial Effect on Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients after Total Hip or Knee Replacement

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek ◽  
Jakub Poloczek ◽  
Elżbieta Chełmecka ◽  
Wojciech Kazura ◽  
Agnieszka Dulska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Successful Recovery

Imbalance in prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium plays an important role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Postoperative rehabilitation significantly improves the functional activity of patients with OA. We aimed to assess the effect of the general 21-day postoperative rehabilitation on the oxidative stress markers in patients after total hip arthroplasty or knee replacement. Patients (n =41) started individually designed postoperative rehabilitation ca. 90 days after endoprosthesis implantation. We used the six-minute walk test (6MWT) to quantify the changes in their exercise capacity. We analyzed the oxidative stress markers: total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipofuscin (LPS) concentration in patients serum to asses changes in the oxidative stress intensity. We found that after 21-days postoperative rehabilitation program: the average distance walked by patients increased by 69 m; TAC increased by 0.20 ± 0.14 mmol/l; both SOD isoforms activities increased by 1.6 (±1.7) and 1.72 (±1.5) NU/ml, respectively; but Cp activity decreased by 1.8 (0.7-3.7) mg/dl. Also, we observed lower concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers: by 19.6 ± 24.4 μmol/l for MDA and by 0.4 ± 0.5 RF for LPS. A 21-day postoperative rehabilitation program effectively reduces oxidative processes, which helps the patients after total hip or knee replacement in a successful recovery.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy of liver cirrhosis and its complications

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
T. M. Bentsa
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Refractory Ascites ◽  
Variceal Hemorrhage ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk

This article provides information about the pharmacotherapy of liver cirrhosis (LC) and its complications, such as variceal hemorrhage, ascites, increased risk of bacterial infection, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome LC is a major healthcare problem and is associated with an increased mortality due to the development of complications. LC is currently the 11th most common cause of death globally. Prognosis of LC is highly variable and influenced by several variables, such as etiology, severity of liver disease, presence of complications and comorbidities. In advanced cirrhosis, survival decreases to one or two years. Pharmacotherapy for LC should be implemented in accordance with up-to-date guidelines and in conjunction with aetiology management, nutritional optimisation and patient education. The main treatment of uncomplicated ascites is diuretics such as spironolactone in combination with a loop diuretic. For treatment refractory ascites vasoconstrictors and albumin are recommended. Antibiotics play a well-established role in the treatment and prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. For hepatorenal syndrome, the administration of vasopressor terlipressin and albumin is recommended. Endoscopic treatment is used for variceal bleeding (for example, ligation for esophageal varices and tissue glue for gastric varices). A shunt (TIPS) is used to treat severe or repeat variceal hemorrhage or refractory ascites. Non-selective beta-blockers effectively reduce variceal re-bleeding risk in LC patients with moderate/large varices. Thus, the treatment of LC as one of the most formidable multiorgan pathologies involves a comprehensive approach aimed at the correction of the main pathology and the treatment and prevention of its complications.

scholarly journals Rosuvastatin Affects Tracheal Responsiveness, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Inflammatory Cells, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Hyperlipidemic and Asthmatic Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Saadat ◽  
Amin Mokhtari-Zaer ◽  
Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Thiol Content ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Statins provide greater protection than predicted from just cholesterol-lowering effects, which is possibly mediated by other pleiotropic actions. This study aimed to examine the possible interaction effect of asthma on lipid profiles and evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin treatment on asthma. The animals were assigned into (1) control, (2) asthmatic, (3) hyperlipidemic, (4) asthmatic-hyperlipidemic, (5) rosuvastatin (40 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally, for 3 weeks)-treated asthmatic, (6) rosuvastatin-treated hyperlipidemic and (7) rosuvastatin-treated asthmatic-hyperlipidemic groups. Tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin, total and differential WBC (white blood cell) counts, and oxidative stress markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated. In the asthmatic and asthmatic-hyperlipidemic groups, tracheal responsiveness to ovalbumin, total WBC count, numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes were higher than the control group (p<0.001). A left-ward shift in the concentration-response curves to methacholine, an increase in nitrite and malondialdehyde concentrations, and a decrease in total thiol content, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were also observed in the asthmatic and asthmatic-hyperlipidemic groups compared to control group (p<0.01 to p<0.001). Beyond lipid-lowering effect in the treated hyperlipidemic and asthmatic-hyperlipidemic groups, rosuvastatin treatment decreased tracheal responsiveness to methacholine, reduced total WBC count, the numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes, as well as decreased malondialdehyde concentration, and increased total thiol content, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in treated asthmatic and asthmatic-hyperlipidemic groups (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The improving effect of rosuvastatin on asthmatic and asthmatic-hyperlipidemic animals was shown due to pleiotropic mechanisms including the effect on airway hyperresponsiveness, lung inflammation, and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Circulatory Levels of RANKL, OPG, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Postmenopausal Women With Normal or Low Bone Mineral Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117727191984382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawaz Y Azizieh ◽  
Diaa Shehab ◽  
Khaled Al Jarallah ◽  
Renu Gupta ◽  
Raj Raghupathy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and oxidative stress markers are suggested to contribute to bone loss in osteoporosis that occurs in menopause. However, the association between these markers and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to measure circulatory levels of these parameters in postmenopausal women with normal or low BMD. Methods: The study population included 71 postmenopausal women, of whom 25 had normal BMD, 31 had osteopenia, and 15 had osteoporosis. Serum levels of RANKL, OPG, and 5 oxidative stress markers (catalase, peroxiredoxin 2 [PRX2], superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2], and thioredoxin [TRx1]) were measured using the Multiplex system. Results: As compared with subjects having normal BMD, subjects with low BMD had significantly lower median serum levels of OPG, catalase, SOD2, and PRX2 ( P = .004, .031, .044, and .041 respectively). Although levels of RANKL were not different between the 2 groups, the RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in women with low BMD ( P = .027). Conclusions: These data provide insights into the possible roles of OPG, RANKL, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the lack of association between these markers and BMD indicates that osteoporosis is complex and multivariate.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Markers among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Agata Stanek ◽  
Klaudia Brożyna-Tkaczyk ◽  
Wojciech Myśliński
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic respiratory disorder, which can be present in up to 50% of the population, depending on the country. OSA is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways with consistent movement of the respiratory musculature during sleep. Apneas and hypopneas can lead to a decrease in oxygen saturation, an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood, and subsequent arousals and sleep fragmentation caused by repetitive activation of the central nervous system. As a consequence, intermittent hypoxemia and consequent reoxygenation result in the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to systematic oxidative stress, which is postulated to be a key mechanism of endothelial dysfunction and increased risk for cardiovascular disorders in patients with OSA. In this review, various biomarkers of oxidative stress, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, superoxide dismutase, cell-free DNA, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, advanced oxidation protein products, lipid peroxidation products, receptor for advanced glycation end-products, and thioredoxin are discussed. Biomarkers of oxidative stress have the potential to be used to assess disease severity and treatment response. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is one of the most common noninvasive treatments for OSA; it keeps the upper airways open during sleep. This reduces episodes of intermittent hypoxia, reoxygenation, and arousal at night. CPAP has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and decrease oxidative stress. The administration of certain compounds, like vitamins A, C, and E as well as N-acetylcysteine and allopurinol, can decrease oxidative stress markers. However, their role in the treatment of OSA remains unclear.

scholarly journals The Level of Oxidative Stress Markers in Generalised Periodontitis in the Setting of Bronchiectasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Anatoly P. Kibkalo ◽  
Artem K. Sarkisov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Polunina ◽  
Karen A. Sarkisov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Superoxide Dismutase

Aim. To analyse the level of oxidative stress markers and the value of dental indices characterising the state of periodontal tissue in patients with generalised periodontitis (GP) both without somatic pathology and with bronchiectasis.Materials and methods. Over the period from 2015 to 2017, a total of 90 GP patients were examined, including 40 patients without somatic pathology and 50 patients with bronchiectasis. The control group consisted of somatically healthy individuals with intact periodontium (n=40). The following indices were calculated for all examined individuals: PMA, PI, Muhlemann and OHI-s. The level of oxidative stress markers in oral fl uid was determined: total superoxide dismutase (SOD) of all three types (Cu/Zn-SOD + Mn-SOD + Fe-SOD), products of advanced protein oxidation and malondialdehyde.Results. The study established the intensifi cation of oxidative stress in GP patients without somatic pathology and with bronchiectasis. Patients with comorbid pathologies demonstrated a greater severity of oxidative stress. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the values of dental indices (PMA, PI, Muhlemann, OHI-s) and the level of oxidative stress markers both in GP patients without somatic pathology and with bronchiectasis. Furthermore, this correlation is stronger in patients with comorbid pathologies.Conclusion. The presence of comorbid pulmonary pathologies in the form of bronchiectasis in patients with generalised periodontitis can act as an aggravating factor in the development of periodontal lesions.

scholarly journals Assessment of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in cirrhotic patients with and without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Shalaby ◽  
E M Baiumy ◽  
M G Abdelrahman ◽  
M M Sayed ◽  
R M Abdelhalim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Abstract Background Vitamin D has pleotropic effect including the immune function, it increases innate immunity and modifies lymphocyte activation. The risk for bacterial infections is increased in cirrhotic patients due to low levels of vitamin D, so its deficiency may be linked with the prevalence of SBP in cirrhotic patients Aim of the work To assess the 25-OH vitamin D serum level in cirrhotic patients and it’s relation to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Patient & Methods The current study included 90 patients divided into three groups; group one; patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, group two; patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis without SBP and group three; patients who had decompensated cirrhosis with SBP. The following laboratory work up was done: Serum 25-OH vitamin D level, liver functions test, kidney functions test, complete blood count, and ascitic neutrophil count. Results We report a highly significant difference between the studied groups as regards 25-OH vitamin D level, being lowest in group three. A negative correlation between markers of severe cirrhosis and vitamin D concentrations was found in our cirrhotic patients. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased incidence of infections in cirrhotic patients including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, suggesting that Vitamin D supplementation may be useful in these patients.

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