scholarly journals Effect of intensification in environments with zero-water exchange on the reproductive potential of Cherax quadricarinatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-586
Author(s):  
Armando Monge-Quevedo ◽  
Ramón Casillas-Hernández ◽  
Diana Carreño-León ◽  
José Naranjo-Páramo ◽  
Humberto Villarreal-Colmenares
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Intensive System

Reproductive parameters (number of eggs, fertility index, survival of juveniles) and the biochemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) of Cherax quadricarinatus broodstock were examined in specimens with weights ranging from: (i) 30-45; (ii) 46-60; (iii) 61-75g; (iv) 76-90 g, in an intensive system (4 organisms/m2) with zero-water exchange (maintained at 28+1?C and aerated continuously). Better reproductive efficiency was observed in specimens with smaller weights. This effect was also reflected in the biochemical parameters of the eggs and juveniles. The use of broodstock whose weight ranges between 45 and 60g is recommended.

Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Tomato Fruit under the Influence of Illumination Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Ieva Erdberga ◽  
Ina Alsina ◽  
Laila Dubova ◽  
Māra Dūma ◽  
Daiga Sergejeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tomato Yield

Tomatoes are one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. Unfortunately, obtaining a high quality tomato yield in our latitudes is inconceivable without additional lighting. Changes in biochemical composition are mainly dependent on the light received by the plant. During the winter months, natural daylight at 55 ° latitude is insufficient to provide the necessary vegetation for fruit-bearing vegetables. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the biochemical composition of tomato fruits by using less conventional lighting methods, which could offer potential energy savings by providing higher levels of biologically active substances in tomatoes. The study was conducted in a greenhouse of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies during the winter season 2018-2019, using a 16-hour photoperiod. LED, Induction, and High Pressure Sodium Lamps (as control) were used in the study. These lighting devices, with some differences, simulate daylight. Three tomato cultivars: ‘Diamont F1’, Encor F1’and ‘Balzano F1’were studied. The study specified the tomato yield and the following biochemical parameters: soluble sugars (BRIX), vitamin C, organic acids, lycopene, carotenoids, phenols and flavonoids. As expected, the yield and species-specific pigment content of tomato fruit is largely dependent on the genetics of the variety. On the other hand, biologically active compounds such as organic acids, soluble sugars, ascorbic acid and flavonoids undergo more changes due to the composition of the light. The obtained biochemical parameters give an opportunity to consider different illumination methods and the need to carry out further studies in order to confirm the conclusions. Significantly higher yields were observed in the variant with conventionally used high pressure sodium lamps. In mean time, it should be noted that in the variant with LED lamps, higher content of lycopene as well as phenols and vitamin C were observed.

EFFECTS OF PARASITISM BY TOMICOBIA TIBIALIS ASHMEAD (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) ON REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF FEMALE PINE ENGRAVERS, IPS PINI (SAY)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Senger ◽  
Bernard D. Roitberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Tomicobia Tibialis ◽  
Healthy Females ◽  
Healthy Males

AbstractThe effects of Tomicobia tibialis Ashmead on the reproductive potential of adult Ips pini (Say) females were examined by comparing reproductive indices of parasitized and healthy females maintained in groups of three with healthy males. Parasitized females produced 50% fewer offspring than healthy females, and these offspring were distributed differently in the maternal gallery. Maternal gallery length and larval survival were not significantly different between the two groups, but a statistical power analysis (1 − β) shows this result to be equivocal. The potential to use T. tibialis as a biocontrol agent against I. pini is discussed.

scholarly journals Relevance of reproductive correlates in response of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to plant quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soufbaf ◽  
Y. Fathipour ◽  
M.P. Zalucki ◽  
J. Karimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Fecundity Rate ◽  
Standardized Regression Coefficients ◽  
The Difference

To study the relationships between leaf nitrogen and the reproductive potential of diamondback moth, all reproductive parameters of this pest raised on two canola cultivars were evaluated. A standardized regression coefficient (<em>&beta;</em>) was used as an index for nitrogen-reproduction relationship strength. The only difference between net fecundity rate and net fertility rate is <em>h<sub>x</sub></em>&rsquo;s effect, but the difference in their standardized regression coefficients was not significant [<em>&beta;</em>=+0.934 (R<sup>2</sup>=0.87, F<sub>1,4</sub>=27.34, P=0.006) and <em>&beta;</em>=+0.922 (R<sup>2</sup>=0.85, F<sub>1,4</sub>=22.825, P=0.009)]. Accordingly, gross fecundity rate and gross fertility rate differ only in <em>h<sub>x</sub></em>&rsquo;s effect, but the difference in standardized regression coefficients again was not significant [<em>&beta;</em>=0.895 (R<sup>2</sup>=0.8, F<sub>1,4</sub>=16.159, P=0.016)-0.890 (R<sup>2</sup>=0.79, F<sub>1,4</sub>=15.266, P=0.017)=0.005]. As gross fecundity rate differs from net fecundity rate only in midpoint survivorship (<em>L<sub>x</sub></em>)&rsquo;s effect, it is understood that survivorship could affect the plant nitrogen&ndash;fecundity relation considerably (standardized coefficients difference=0.044) and could be a critical parameter in insectplant interactions. But, the terms of reproductive parameters, <em>i.e. L<sub>x</sub> </em>and <em>h<sub>x</sub></em>, showed the same effect on the strength of nitrogen-fecundity regression statistically, even though <em>L<sub>x</sub></em> has been selected frequently by many researchers as an important fitness correlate. Measuring the hatch rate could be recommended in trophic interactions studies due to its being easier to apply, more robust, and quicker to accomplish than measurement of survivorship; however, it is important as an indicator in combination with brood size for determining the initial population size of an insect herbivore.

scholarly journals Reproductive potential of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the laboratory: effect of multiple couples and the size

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Specht ◽  
D. G. Montezano ◽  
D. R. Sosa-Gómez ◽  
S. V. Paula-Moraes ◽  
V. F. Roque-Specht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Spodoptera Eridania ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Pupal Size ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of keeping three couples in the same cage, and the size of adults emerged from small, medium-sized and large pupae (278.67 mg; 333.20 mg and 381.58 mg, respectively), on the reproductive potential of S. eridania (Stoll, 1782) adults, under controlled conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 70% RH and 14 hour photophase). We evaluated the survival, number of copulations, fecundity and fertility of the adult females. The survival of females from these different pupal sizes did not differ statistically, but the survival of males from large pupae was statistically shorter than from small pupae. Fecundity differed significantly and correlated positively with size. The number of effective copulations (espematophores) and fertility did not vary significantly with pupal size. Our results emphasize the importance of indicating the number of copulations and the size of the insects when reproductive parameters are compared.

scholarly journals Advances in the use of photoheterotrophic, mixotrophic and multi-trophic systems in marine shrimp farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Laenne Barbara Silva de Moraes ◽  
Alfredo Olivera Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Marine Shrimp ◽  
Natural Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Intensive System

The growth of aquaculture can cause different environmental impacts, from the use of large amounts of water to the excessive release of effluent. Shrimp farming can be done in different systems: extensive, semi-intensive, intensive and super-intensive. Extensive systems with low productivity (<500 kg ha-1 year-1), exhibit low technological levels and less control of environmental conditions. The semi-intensive system requires food supplementation, reasonable natural productivity, biomas yield of 3,000 - 5,000 kg ha-1 year-1) and water change (5 to 10 % day-1). To increase production, different culture systems are used, such as photoheterotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic, with minimal water exchange (0.5 to 3 % day-1), providing greater biomass yield (intensive 10 to 20 ton ha-1 cycle-1 and super-intensive 20 up to 40 ton ha-1 cycle-1). These can be developed in nursery or grow-out tanks, but with high operating costs, high technological levels, disease control and better control of environmental conditions. However, intensive and super-intensive systems accumulate nitrogen, phosphorus and solid waste that can be transformed into biomass in multi-trophic aquaculture systems. In this review, we will discuss the effects of these systems on water quality and productivity of marine shrimp. The photoheterotrophic, mixotrophic and multi-trophic systems are interesting alternatives to the photoautotrophic systems in shrimp production, demonstrated by the higher zootechnical performance, as well as the environmental quality, since these models promote the minimum exchange of water and the transformation of nutrient residues in biomass.

scholarly journals Динаміка біохімічних показників крові курей за асоціативних інвазій

2013 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
М. В. Голубцова
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Experimental Infestation ◽  
The Impact

У процесі життєдіяльності білки крові курей відіграють важливу фізіологічну роль у складних процесах обміну речовин. Зміни біохімічного складу крові курей за експериментальної інвазії відображають розвиток патологічних та імунних процесів і свідчать про стресовий стан організму, що дає змогу об’єктивно оцінити вплив різноманітних факторів на організм інвазованих курей. Зміни біохімічних показників крові супроводжувалися гіпопротеїнемією, гіпоальбумінемією, гіперглобулінемією, диспротеїнемією. During the life blood of birds proteins play very important physiological role in the complex metabolic processes. Changes of biochemical composition of chickens blood by experimental infestation reflects the development of pathological and immune processes and demonstrate the stress state of the organism, which allows to objectively assess the impact of various factors on the body of infested chickens. Changes of biochemical parameters in blood were accompanied by hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hiperhlobulinemia, dysproteinemia.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Sources on the Growth and Biochemical Composition of Diatom (Amphora coffeaeformis) Used for Shrimp Larviculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chairat KHWANCHAROEN ◽  
Ninlawan CHOTIPAN ◽  
Thongchai NAWATMAI ◽  
Sataporn DIREKBUSSARAKOM
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate Treatment

Amphora coffeaeformis is a benthic diatom and serves as a rich nutritional feed for various aquaculture industries. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of different nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of the diatom (A. coffeaeformis) culture. Sodium nitrate in Guillard’s f medium, used as a control treatment, was compared with sodium nitrite and ammonium sulfate. The results in the 3rd batch of culture showed that all treatments led to the highest growth on Day 6. The highest cell dry weight occurred in the ammonium sulfate treatment with significance (0.78±0.06 mg/mL). The cultures in each treatment were harvested at the exponential phase (Day 3) for biochemical composition analysis. A. coffeaeformis in the ammonium sulfate treatment significantly accumulated the highest protein content, at 44.82 % by dry weight, while the highest lipid content at 29.78 % by dry weight was significantly found in the sodium nitrate treatment. The cell size and structure showed no significant differences among the treatments. The experiment demonstrated the effects of different nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of A. coffeaeformis. After that, we selected A. coffeaeformis that was cultured with the nitrate and ammonia nitrogen sources for feeding to shrimp larvae. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of A. coffeaeformis on the growth, survival rate, salinity stress test, and ammonia stress test for shrimp. The experiment was designed with four treatments, as follows: 1) the control feed with flake winner (no water exchange for 28 days), 2) Am-NO3 supplement with A. coffeaeformis cultured using nitrates (no water exchange for 28 days), 3) Am-NH3 supplement with A. coffeaeformis cultured using ammonia (no water exchange for 28 days), and 4) the positive control feed with flake winner (daily water exchange at 20 %). The results showed that the growth of shrimp fed with the diet supplemented with A. coffeaeformis cultured using nitrate and ammonia were not significantly different from the negative and positive controls (P > 0.05). However, the survival rate in the negative control was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.05). In this study, the stress test for white shrimp postlarvae utilized 2 methods: the ammonia or salinity stress tests. The survival rate of the shrimp after the ammonia stress test was not statistically and significantly different (P > 0.05). However, the results from the salinity stress test indicated that the highest survival rate was observed in the shrimp fed with the diet supplemented with A. coffeaeformis cultured using nitrate. A. coffeaeformis cultured with the sodium nitrate treatment had a positive effect on shrimp tolerance to salinity changes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physiological preparedness for reproductive function of domesticated beluga females and females grown from eggs in artificial conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Petr Petrovich Geraskin ◽  
Angelika Vyachislavovna Kovaleva ◽  
Vadim Alekseevich Grigoriev ◽  
Angelina Valerievna Firsova ◽  
Marina Yaitskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Significant Shortage

The article highlights the problem of significant reducing the number of beluga at the beginning of the XXI century, which resulted in restoring its population artificially. The formation of repair and brood stocks is slowing down due to a significant shortage of producers of natural generation. Artificial reproduction of beluga is currently carried out due to domestication of fish, as well as by growing mature individuals on “from eggs to eggs” principle. Producers grown in the hatcheries often have metabolic disturbances, signs of physiological exhaustion, and a modified biochemical composition of oocytes. All these deteriorate the reproductive functions of the producers. There have been presented the results of studying physiological preparedness of beluga producers to spawning campaign carried out by the Caspian branch FSBO “Glavrybvod” at the Sergievsky sturgeon hatchery. The objects of the study were females caught in the natural environment and domesticated in the hatchery, as well as sixteen-eighteen-year-old females from their own broodstock. Physiological readiness for spawning was assessed by a complex of physiological and biochemical parameters of blood and the amount of accumulated plastic and energy substances in oocytes in the form of proteins and lipids. It was revealed that domesticated females were better prepared for pituitary injections than females from the broodstock. This was justified by both physiological and biochemical parameters, as well as by the coefficient of polarization of oocytes. Eggs of females grown in the hatchery conditions are smaller (1.3 times smaller) and the number of triglycerides in them is 4.35 times less than in those of domesticated fish. In addition, the accumulation of protein and lipids by oocytes differs greatly in broodstock female species due to heterogeneity of their functional state.

scholarly journals Biochemical composition of the hoof capsule of buffaloes and its influence on hoof quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Assis ◽  
V.A.S. Vulcani ◽  
L.A.F. Silva ◽  
M. Dias ◽  
A. Pancotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Dorsal Wall ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to establish the biochemical parameters of the abaxial wall, dorsal wall and sole of the hoof of the medial thoracic, lateral, and medial pelvic digits of buffalos. The hoof samples were subjected to destructive biochemical analyses to identify the dry material (DM), mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) contents. Sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels were determined based on nondestructive biochemical analyses. The parameters of dry material, mineral matter, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract of hoof capsule of the digits of buffalos can be determined by means of both destructive and nondestructive biochemical analysis. In addition, this study revealed that the highest concentrations of DM, CP and minerals such as, K, Zn and Cu are concentrated in the digits that bear the greatest body mass weight, suggesting that there is a positive correlation between the aforementioned parameters and the strength and growth of the hoof capsule in the digits. As for the element S, this study demonstrated that its highest concentration is located in the lateral digits of the pelvic members.

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