scholarly journals Spontaneous locomotor activity of drosophila subobscura under controlled laboratory conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Dimitrijevic ◽  
Branka Janac ◽  
M. Andjelkovic ◽  
Tatjana Savic
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Locomotor Activities

The aim of this research was to examine the temporal patterns of spontaneous locomotor activity in Drosophila subobscura virgin females and males from isofemale lines collected from beech and oak forests and maintained in controlled laboratory conditions for five full-sib inbreeding generations. The flies were monitored in a circular open field arena for 30 min in the morning (8:00 AM, 9:00 AM, 10:00 AM, 11:00 AM). The distance travelled and the mobility of the flies decreased along with the registration time, whereby the slowest decreasing was observed at 8:00 AM. Females showed a greater range of variability in both parameters compared to males. In addition, there was a greater range of variability in the locomotor activities of flies from the oak forest compared to the beech. These findings could be attributed to their specific genetic background.

scholarly journals Attenuation Effects of Alpha-Pinene Inhalation on Mice with Dizocilpine-Induced Psychiatric-Like Behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ueno ◽  
Atsumi Shimada ◽  
Shunsuke Suemitsu ◽  
Shinji Murakami ◽  
Naoya Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Strength Tests

α-Pinene, an organic terpene compound found in coniferous trees, is used as a safe food additive and is contained in many essential oils. Moreover, some studies have shown that α-pinene suppresses neuronal activity. In this study, we investigated whether inhalation of α-pinene suppresses dizocilpine (MK-801-) induced schizophrenia-like behavioural abnormalities in mice. Mice inhaled α-pinene 1 h before the first MK-801 injection. Thirty minutes after MK-801 injection, the open field, spontaneous locomotor activity, elevated plus maze, Y-maze, tail suspension, hot plate, and grip strength tests were conducted as behavioural experiments. Inhalation of α-pinene suppressed the activity of mice in the spontaneous locomotor activity test and although it did not suppress the MK-801-induced increased locomotor activity in the open field test, it remarkably decreased the time that the mice remained in the central area. Inhalation of α-pinene suppressed the MK-801-induced increased total distance travelled in the Y-maze test, whereas it did not alter the MK-801-induced reduced threshold of antinociception in the hot plate test. In the tail suspension and grip strength tests, there was no effect on mouse behaviour by administration of MK-801 and inhalation of α-pinene. These results suggest that α-pinene acts to reduce MK-801-induced behavioural abnormalities resembling those seen in neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, both medicinal plants and essential oils containing α-pinene may have potential for therapeutic treatment of schizophrenia.

Effect of Strychnine Sulfate on Locomotor Activity

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
George B. Kish ◽  
George C. Theologus
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of strychnine sulfate upon spontaneous locomotor activity in an open field was determined for 20 naive male Wistar rats. The experimental Ss were injected ip with 1.0 cc/kg of a 01% solution of strychnine sulfate in normal saline and the control Ss received a similar injection of 1.0 cc/kg of normal saline. All Ss were given 2 trials 7 days apart in the open field, with the injections preceding the second trial. The behavioral change from Trial 1 to Trial 2 for the control group was compared with that for the experimental group. Strychnine sulfate significantly reduced spontaneous locomotor activity in rats. A significant correlation was found between scores on the first and second trials of the experimental Ss. It was suggested that the concept of “orienting-exploratory behavior” could account for reduced locomotor activity.

scholarly journals The Open Field Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vootele Voikar ◽  
s. Clare Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
General Locomotor Activity ◽  
Rats And Mice

The Open Field Test (OFT) is the most widely used method for observing the behaviour of mice and rats 18 under laboratory conditions. It is used to evaluate the exploratory behaviour, general locomotor activity 19 and emotionality of rats and mice. However, it has to be kept in mind that these behaviours are not 20 independent, they interact and so a change in one will affect another. Despite being a seemingly simple 21 test, several caveats need to be acknowledged when selecting the variables for analysis and interpreting 22 the data with regard to the aforementioned domains. The observed behaviours can depend on a number of 23 procedural, environmental and biological factors, which should be carefully considered when planning the 24 experiment, as well as during the analysis and interpretation of the results. This review provides a critical 25 overview of these factors, followed by some warnings and practical tips for conducting the OFT.

A New Method to Study Learning and Memory Using Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in an Open-field Arena

2021 ◽  
pp. 109429
Author(s):  
Jaise Silva Ferreira ◽  
Joaquim Barbosa Leite Junior ◽  
João Marcos de Mello Bastos ◽  
Richard Ian Samuels ◽  
Robert J Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
New Method

Methamphetamine-Induced Open Field Behavior and LD50 in Periplaneta americana Cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L Findley ◽  
Michael D Berquist ◽  
Michael D Hambuchen
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Open Field Behavior ◽  
Invertebrate Animal

Abstract Invertebrate animal studies of methamphetamine (METH) could allow for high throughput, inexpensive, and high-animal number pharmacology and toxicology studies. We hypothesized that in Periplaneta americana cockroaches, METH would increase locomotion compared to saline and produce lethality. Lethal dose, 50% (LD50) was determined with 0–1,780 µg/g (mg/kg) METH (n = 15–16/group) using logit analysis. Locomotor activity after METH (0–560 mg/kg, intra-abdominal, n = 8 per group) administration and spontaneous locomotor activity in surviving cockroaches in an open field 24 h after LD50 study doses was measured with Noldus Ethovision. The LD50 of METH was 823.1 mg/kg (more than 10-fold greater than the value in rats). There were significant decreases in spontaneous locomotor activity in surviving cockroaches after administration of 650 and 750 mg/kg METH (P < 0.05). While 100 mg/kg METH did not significantly increase METH locomotor activity relative to saline, 300 mg/kg METH significantly increased locomotor activity compared to saline (P < 0.05), and 560 mg/kg METH resulted in most of the cockroaches slowly moving around the open field in the supine position for most of the trial. In conclusion, METH produces pharmacological and toxicological effects in P. americana. The high availability, low cost, and relative ease of use of these animals makes them a potential, very accessible option for studying METH use disorder.

Prenatal Pregabalin Exposure Alters Postnatal Pain Sensitivity and Some Behavioral Responses in Adult Offspring Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Manzumeh-Shamsi Meymandi ◽  
Gholamreza Sepehri ◽  
Amirhossein Moslemizadeh ◽  
Seyyed Sajjad Vakili Shahrbabaki
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Plate Test

Background: Prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure could demonstrate both congenital malformations and behavioral impairments in offspring. Objective: This study was performed to assess the effects of prenatal exposure to pregabalin (PGB) on pain response, anxiety, motor activity and some behavior of adult offspring rats. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats received PGB (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg/ip) during embryonic days 9.5- 15.5. The pain response, anxiety-like behaviors, locomotor activity, motor balance and coordination and anhedonia of adult offspring were examined by tail-flick and hot plate test, open field test, elevated plus maze (EPM), beam balance test and sucrose preference test in their 60th day of life, respectively. Results: Prenatal exposure to PGB revealed significant dose-dependent reduction in pain sensitivity (increase in pain latency response) in the hot plate test, especially in females, while anxiety-like behavior assessed in EPM and open field significantly reduced in males. In the open field, locomotor activity reduced significantly after exposure to PGB 30 mg/kg and motor coordination decreased dose-dependently, especially in males. Anhedonia, as an indication of sucrose preference or pleasure response, was not changed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that prenatal PGB exposure could be associated with significant changes in pain response, anxiety, locomotor activity and coordination in adult offspring rats.

scholarly journals Biocomposites of Low-Density Polyethylene Plus Wood Flour or Flax Straw: Biodegradation Kinetics across Three Environments

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2138
Author(s):  
Anna K. Zykova ◽  
Petr V. Pantyukhov ◽  
Elena E. Mastalygina ◽  
Christian Chaverri-Ramos ◽  
Svetlana G. Nikolaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Biocomposite Films ◽  
Filler Particles ◽  
Flax Straw

The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for biocomposite films to biodegrade in diverse climatic environments. Biocomposite films based on polyethylene and 30 wt.% of two lignocellulosic fillers (wood flour or flax straw) of different size fractions were prepared and studied. The developed composite films were characterized by satisfactory mechanical properties that allows the use of these materials for various applications. The biodegradability was evaluated in soil across three environments: laboratory conditions, an open field in Russia, and an open field in Costa Rica. All the samples lost weight and tensile strength during biodegradation tests, which was associated with the physicochemical degradation of both the natural filler and the polymer matrix. The spectral density of the band at 1463 cm−1 related to CH2-groups in polyethylene chains decreased in the process of soil burial, which is evidence of polymer chain breakage with formation of CH3 end groups. The degradation rate of most biocomposites after 20 months of the soil assays was greatest in Costa Rica (20.8–30.9%), followed by laboratory conditions (16.0–23.3%), and lowest in Russia (13.2–22.0%). The biocomposites with flax straw were more prone to biodegradation than those with wood flour, which can be explained by the chemical composition of fillers and the shape of filler particles. As the size fraction of filler particles increased, the biodegradation rate increased. Large particles had higher bioavailability than small spherical ones, encapsulated by a polymer. The prepared biocomposites have potential as an ecofriendly replacement for traditional polyolefins, especially in warmer climates.

scholarly journals Inbreeding and thermal adaptation in Drosophila subobscura

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Zivanovic ◽  
Conxita Arenas ◽  
Francesc Mestres
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Line Number ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Significant Line

Using a well-adapted Drosophila subobscura population (Avala, Serbia), a drastic experiment of inbreeding was carried out to assess whether the expected level of homozygosity could be reached or if other evolutionary forces affected the process. In general, no significant changes of inversion (or arrangement) frequencies were detected after 12 brother–sister mating generations. Furthermore, no significant differences were obtained between observed and expected (under the inbreeding model) karyotypic frequencies. Thus, these results seemed to indicate that the main evolutionary factor in the experiment was inbreeding. However, in the G12 generation, complete chromosomal fixation was reached only in two out of the eight final inbred lines. In these lines, the chromosomal compositions were difficult to interpret, but they could be likely a consequence of adaptation to particular laboratory conditions (constant 18 °C, food, light period, etc.). Finally, in a second experiment, the inbred lines presented higher fertility at 18 °C than at 13 °C. Also, there was a significant line effect on fertility: inbred line number 6 (A1, J1, U1+2; U1+2+6, E8, and O3+4+7) presented the highest values, which maybe the result of an adaptation to laboratory conditions. Thus, the results obtained in our experiments reflect the adaptive potential of D. subobscura inversions.

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