scholarly journals Contributions from population genetics to ecotoxicology and stress ecology in light of transformation to the population genomic era

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-565
Author(s):  
C. Pertoldi ◽  
L.A. Bach ◽  
J.C. Svenning ◽  
C. Damgaard ◽  
M. Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Stress Ecology ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Extrapolation Problem ◽  
Computer Simulation Techniques

With the advent of the genomic era, which has partly been driven by advances in stress ecology, there is enormous growth in molecular and computer simulation techniques. Here we propose combining some of these techniques to give more elaborate risk assessments that include the effects of population variation in genotypes, phenotypes, and the way they link to aspects of life history and adaptive potential. We focused on ways to ascertain whether phenotypic plasticity or evolutionary responses constitute the basis for observed stress responses, as well as on the extrapolation problem, i.e. how do responses under controlled conditions correspond to those observed in natural ecological populations or in evolutionary end-points of interest? Additionally, we discuss the ways to integrate environmental variability into risk analysis and pest control predictions that include gene-environment interactions, focusing also on the importance of erosion of genetic diversity by toxic stressors to the risk of population extinction.

Image Analysis of Intramembrane Particles in Freeze-Fractured Biomembranes Using Computer Simulation Techniques

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
D.J. Benefiel ◽  
R.S. Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Integral Membrane Proteins ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Intramembrane Particles ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Freeze Fracture Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fracture Electron ◽  
Computer Simulation Techniques

Intramembrane particles (IMP or MAP) are components of most biomembranes. They are visualized by freeze-fracture electron microscopy, and they probably represent replicas of integral membrane proteins. The presence of MAP in biomembranes has been extensively investigated but their detailed ultrastructure has been largely ignored. In this study, we have attempted to lay groundwork for a systematic evaluation of MAP ultrastructure. Using mathematical modeling methods, we have simulated the electron optical appearances of idealized globular proteins as they might be expected to appear in replicas under defined conditions. By comparing these images with the apearances of MAPs in replicas, we have attempted to evaluate dimensional and shape distortions that may be introduced by the freeze-fracture technique and further to deduce the actual shapes of integral membrane proteins from their freezefracture images.

Boiler Implosion Control in Fossil Fuel Power Plants

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Z. Wu ◽  
D. N. Wormley ◽  
D. Rowell ◽  
P. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Power Plant Boiler ◽  
Induced Draft Fan ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants ◽  
Computer Simulation Techniques ◽  
Plant Boiler ◽  
Furnace Pressure

An evaluation of systems for control of fossil fuel power plant boiler and stack implosions has been performed using computer simulation techniques described in a companion paper. The simulations have shown that forced and induced draft fan control systems and induced draft fan bypass systems reduce the furnace pressure excursions significantly following a main fuel trip. The limitations of these systems are associated with actuator range and response time and stack pressure excursions during control actions. Preliminary study suggests that an alternative control solution may be achieved by discharging steam into the furnace after a fuel trip.

Three-dimensional predator–prey interactions: a computer simulation of bird flocks and aircraft

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2624-2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Major ◽  
Lawrence M. Dill ◽  
David M. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Computer Simulation Techniques ◽  
Individual Prey

Three-dimensional interactions between grouped aerial predators (frontal discs of aircraft engines), either linearly arrayed or clustered, and flocks of small birds were studied using interactive computer simulation techniques. Each predator modelled was orders of magnitude larger than an individual prey, but the prey flock was larger than each predator. Expected numbers of individual prey captured from flocks were determined for various predator speeds and trajectories, flock–predator initial distances and angles, and flock sizes, shapes, densities, trajectories, and speeds. Generally, larger predators and clustered predators caught more prey. The simulation techniques employed in this study may also prove useful in studies of predator–prey interactions between schools or swarms of small aquatic prey species and their much larger vertebrate predators, such as mysticete cetaceans.The study also provides a method to study problems associated with turbine aircraft engine damage caused by the ingestion of small flocking birds, as well as net sampling of organisms in open aquatic environments.

DIFFUSION MECHANISMS AT fcc METAL SURFACES — EMBEDDED ATOM METHOD CALCULATIONS

1995 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUN-LI LIU
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Embedded Atom Method ◽  
Embedded Atom ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Diffusion Mechanisms ◽  
Fcc Metal ◽  
Dynamic Diffusion ◽  
Computer Simulation Techniques

Recent development in theoretical investigations using computer simulation techniques and the embedded atom method (EAM) on diffusion processes critical to nucleation and growth of thin films at fcc metal surfaces is reviewed. Through these investigations, interactions between adatoms and substrate, adatoms and steps, and clusters and substrate and the effect of these interactions on dynamic diffusion processes are further understood. The results from these theoretical investigations are generally consistent with available experimental data and have provided explanations for some experimental observations. Some predictions made a few years ago from these studies have been confirmed by the latest experiments.

Discussion of computer simulation techniques and comparison of languages

SIMULATION ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tiechroew ◽  
John Francis Lubin ◽  
Thomas D. Truitt
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Computer Languages ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Simulation Languages ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Univer Sity ◽  
Computer Simulation Techniques

A draft of this paper was prepared for the Workshop on Simu lation Languages, Graduate School of Business, Stanford Univer sity, March 6 and 7, 1964. The paper has benefited from sugges tions from participants at the Workshop, particularly Michael Montalbano, and from projects carried out by students in the Graduate School of Business: H. Barnett, H. Guichelaar, Lloyd Krause, John P. Seagel, Charles Turk, Victor Preisser. The paper has also benefited from discussions held in connection with the Workshop on Simulation Languages, University of Pennsylvania, March 17 and 18, 1966. Characteristics of computer languages and software packages change rapidly. Some statements in the paper were originally intended for the situation current in March, 1964. Where signifi cant changes have occurred the text has been modified.

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