scholarly journals Phenolic compound production by different morphological phenotypes in hairy root cultures of Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Park ◽  
Li Xiaohua ◽  
Romij Uddin ◽  
Sang Park
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Morphological Phenotype

Hairy roots were obtained after inoculating sterile young stems of Fagopyrum tataricum with Agrobacterium rhizogenes R1000. The established roots displayed two morphological phenotypes when cultured on hormone-free medium containing Murashige-Skoog salts and vitamins. The thin phenotype had a higher growth rate than the thick phenotype. Further, the phenolic compound content of the thin phenotype was higher than that of the thick phenotype. In terms of their total dry weight, the thin phenotype produced an almost double amount of (-)-epigallocatechin as well as more than 51.5% caffeic acid, 65% chlorogenic acid, and 40% rutin compared to the thick phenotype after 21 days of culture. Therefore, selection of the optimal morphological phenotype of hairy roots of tartary buckwheat is an important factor for improved phenolic compound production.

scholarly journals Effect of Light and Dark on the Phenolic Compound Accumulation in Tartary Buckwheat Hairy Roots Overexpressing ZmLC

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4702
Author(s):  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Nam Il Park ◽  
Sang Un Park
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Phenolic Contents

Fagopyrum tataricum ‘Hokkai T10′ is a buckwheat cultivar capable of producing large amounts of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids (anthocyanins), phenolic acids, and catechin, which have antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we revealed that the maize transcription factor Lc increased the accumulation of phenolic compounds, including sinapic acid, 4-hydroxybenzonate, t-cinnamic acid, and rutin, in Hokkai T10 hairy roots cultured under long-photoperiod (16 h light and 8 h dark) conditions. The transcription factor upregulated phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes, yielding total phenolic contents reaching 27.0 ± 3.30 mg g−1 dry weight, 163% greater than the total flavonoid content produced by a GUS-overexpressing line (control). In contrast, when cultured under continuous darkness, the phenolic accumulation was not significantly different between the ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots and the control. These findings suggest that the transcription factor (ZmLC) activity may be light-responsive in the ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots of F. tataricum, triggering activation of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Further studies are required on the optimization of light intensity in ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots of F. tataricum to enhance the production of phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Polyscias filicifolia (Araliaceae) Hairy Roots with Antigenotoxic and Anti-Photogenotoxic Activity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Anita Śliwińska ◽  
Ramona Figat ◽  
Anna Zgadzaj ◽  
Beata Wileńska ◽  
Aleksandra Misicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Induction Ratio ◽  
Different Doses

Hairy root cultures are considered as a valuable source of bioactive phytoconstituents with expanding applicability for their production. In the present study, hairy root cultures of Polyscias filicifolia (Araliaceae), a traditional Southeast Asian medicinal plant, were established. The transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 allowed to obtain 15 root lines. The K-1 line, demonstrating the highest growth capabilities, was subjected to further investigations. To enhance the biosynthetic potential of hairy roots, methyl jasmonate elicitation approach was applied (MeJA; at different doses and exposure time), with subsequent transfer of elicited roots to control medium. This strategy resulted in chlorogenic acid production up to 1.59 mg/g dry weight. HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS analysis demonstrated variation in extracts composition and allowed to identify different caffeic and ferulic acid derivatives. Next, cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, and anti-photogenotoxic properties of hairy roots extracts were determined. None of the tested extracts were cytotoxic. In addition, they demonstrated significant antigenotoxic activity with the highest protective potential; up to 52% and 49% of inhibition of induction ratio (IR) induced by the 2-aminoanthracene was revealed for extracts derived from hairy roots elicited for 3 days with 50 µM MeJA and roots elicited for 7 days with 100 µM MeJA and then transferred for 30 days to control medium, respectively. These same extracts exhibited the highest anti-photogenotoxic potential, up to 36% of inhibition of chloropromazine-induced genotoxicity.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Berbagai Campuran Media yang Diperkaya Mikoriza Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Petai (The Effect of Several Media Mixtures Enriched by Mycorrhiza for Stink Bean Seedlings Growth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Deni Emilda ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Indriyani ◽  
NFN Muryati ◽  
NFN Sunyoto
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Bean Seedling ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Media tanam mempunyai peran penting dalam menghasilkan benih petai bermutu. Namun, informasi mengenai media tanam yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan benih dan menghambat serangan penyakit tular tanah pada tanaman petai belum banyak tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh satu komposisi media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2017 – April 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Sumani Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok, Sumatra Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 10 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, setiap unit perlakuan terdiri atas 30 tanaman. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah 10 komposisi media yang terdiri atas kombinasi dua atau tiga bahan yang terdiri atas tanah, pupuk kandang, kompos, dan arang sekam serta penambahan agens hayati mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai sampai 6 bulan setelah transplanting adalah tanah: pupuk kandang = 1 : 1 (v/v) di mana menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman sebesar 24,47 g sementara media yang sama dengan penambahan mikoriza menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 29,94 g, namun tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan media tanpa penambahan mikoriza. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pemilihan media untuk perbenihan petai.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Campuran media; Mikoriza; Pertumbuhan; Petai</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Planting media used has an important role in producing quality stink bean seedling. However, information about planting media that can enhance seedling growth and inhibit infectious soilborne diseases on stink bean plants is not yet available. The purposes of this study were to obtain the best media compositions for the growth of stink bean seedlings. The research was conducted in September 2017 – April 2018 at Sumani Experimental Station of Balitbu Tropika, Solok, West Sumatra. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and three replications in which each treatment unit consisted of 30 plants. The treatments used were 10 media compositions consisting of a combination of two or three materials comprising soil, manure, compost, and rice husk charcoal and the addition of mycorrhizal biological agent. The results showed that the best medium for stink bean seedling growth up to 6 months after transplanting was soil: manure = 1 : 1 (v/v) which produced total plant dry weight 24.47 g whereas the same media with addition of mycorrhiza produced higher total dry weight 29.94 g, however this result did not show significantly different with treatment without mycorrhiza. This result can be used for media selection of stink bean seedlings.</p>

Establishment of Salvia officinalis L. Hairy Root Cultures for the Production of Rosmarinic Acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Grzegorczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Królicka ◽  
Halina Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Root Culture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Hairy Root Line ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes Strains

Shoots of Salvia officinalis, a medicinally important plant, were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains ATCC 15834 and A4 which led to the induction of hairy roots in 57% and 37% of the explants, respectively. Seven lines of hairy roots were established in WP liquid medium under light and dark conditions. The transformed nature of the root lines was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using rolB and rolC specific primers. Transformed root cultures of Salvia officinalis showed variations in biomass and rosmarinic acid production depending on the bacterial strain used for transformation and the root line analyzed. Both parameters (growth and rosmarinic acid content) of ATCC 15834-induced lines were significantly higher than the A4-induced lines. The maximum accumulation of rosmarinic acid (about 45 mg g-1 of dry weight) was achieved by hairy root line 1 (HR-1) at the end of the culture period (45D50 days). The level was significantly higher than that found in untransformed root culture (19 mg g-1 of dry wt).

Size selection of common mussels, Mytilus edulis, by common eiders, Somateria mollissima: energy maximization or shell weight minimization?

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2280-2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ove Bustnes ◽  
Kjell Einar Erikstad
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Energy Maximization ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Selection Of

Prey size selection by common eiders, Somateria mollissima, preying on common mussels, Mytilus edulis, in northern Norway is described. The mean length (± 1 SD) of mussels preyed upon was 13.9 ± 5.7 mm (range 3.5–38.1 mm). The dry flesh weight as a percentage of the total dry weight ranged from 4.2 to 8.6% in different body-length categories and was greatest in the mussels most frequently fed upon. There was a close negative correlation between the size of mussels fed upon and the estimated total shell weight that birds had to ingest to obtain their daily requirement of food (rs = −0.86). A hypothesis is proposed that common eiders select mussels of certain size classes to minimize the daily shell weight intake.

Clone selection of in vitro horseradish hairy root cultures

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bertóti ◽  
Á Alberti ◽  
A Böszörményi ◽  
R Könye ◽  
T Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Clone Selection ◽  
Selection Of

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

scholarly journals Carrot hairy roots: factories for secondary metabolite production

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (22) ◽  
pp. 6861-6864
Author(s):  
María A Pedreño ◽  
Lorena Almagro
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Black Carrot ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Experimental Botany ◽  
Induced Changes

This article comments on: Barba-Espín G, Chen S-T, Agnolet S, Hegelund JN, Stanstrup J, Christensen JH, Müller R, Lütken H. 2020. Ethephon-induced changes in antioxidants and phenolic compounds in anthocyanin-producing black carrot hairy root cultures. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 7030–7045.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Zubair Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Adeel Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Benefit Cost

Dry direct-seeded rice has been shown to save irrigation water and labor. Nonetheless, irrigation management in dry direct-seeded rice has received very little attention. Here, we examined the potential of different irrigation regimes: aerobic rice (AR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) in dry direct-seeded rice cultivation on two rice cultivars (Pride-1 (hybrid indica) and NB-1 (inbred indica)). Growth, yield attributes, grain yield, total water input, water productivity and benefit cost ratio were measured. Our results showed that AR saved 11.22 and 28.40%, and 5.72 and 32.98% water compared with AWD and CF during 2018 and 2020, respectively. There was a significant difference in grain yield among treatments and cultivars. AWD and CF produced statistically same total dry weight and grain yield, while AR reduced the total dry weight by 31.34% and 38.04% and grain yield by 34.82% and 38.16% in comparison to AWD and CF, respectively, across the years. Except for 1000-grain weight and harvest index in AWD and CF, further differences in total dry weight and grain yield among irrigation treatments were primarily correlated with variations in yield attributes. Among the cultivars, hybrid rice performed better than inbred rice. Over the two-year period, hybrid rice increased total dry weight, grain yield, and water productivity by 9.28%, 13.05%, and 14.28%, respectively, as compared to inbred rice. Regarding water productivity (WP), the maximum percentage (40.90 and 26.53%) was recorded for AWD compared to AR and CF. Among cultivars, more water productivity (14.28%) was calculated for hybrid rice than inbred one. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf area index and crop growth rate contributed to higher grain yield of hybrid rice under AWD and CF. In contrast to WP, the maximum benefit cost ratio was estimated to be higher for CF than that of AR and AWD. For the cultivars, the maximum value (2.26 in 2018 and 2.32 in 2020) was calculated for hybrid rice compared with the inbred one. In conclusion, these results suggests that AWD with maximum WP and CF with maximum BCR could be more efficient approaches than AR. Under CF, hybrid rice cultivars with higher yield and yield-related attributes, WP and BCR performed better.

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