scholarly journals STR loci D19S216, D20S502 and D20S842 analysis in the Serbian population using dentin DNA

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Dragana Puzovic ◽  
D. Dunjic ◽  
Branka Popovic ◽  
O. Stojkovic ◽  
Ivana Novakovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Forensic Case ◽  
Case Work

Dentin provides a protective enclosure for genomic and mitochondrial DNA. In the present study, DNA was obtained from pulverized or ground teeth. The quality of the DNA extracted from the teeth of 70 unrelated individuals was tested in the context of assessing the allelic and genotypic frequencies of autosomal loci D19S216, D20S502 and D20S842, and calculating a number of parameters of population genetics and forensic interest. This study illustrates that teeth can be a convenient tissue to extract DNA from large numbers of individuals for population genetic studies as well as for forensic case work.

scholarly journals Short Note: Development of Mitochondrial Markers for Population Genetics of Norway Spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Maghuly ◽  
K. Burg ◽  
W. Pinsker ◽  
F. Nittinger ◽  
W. Praznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers

AbstractNorway spruce is an important commercial tree species in northern and central Europe. Pure mitochondrial DNA isolated from tissue culture materials grown in the dark were used to construct a partial mitochondrial library. 100 clones were randomly selected and 19 markers were isolated. Three of these markers proved to be polymorphic and two showed maternal inheritance in controlled crosses. These markers will be useful for population genetic studies in P. abies.

scholarly journals Why most Principal Component Analyses (PCA) in population genetic studies are wrong

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Elhaik
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Validity Of Results ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Minimal Loss ◽  
Admixture Population

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a multivariate analysis that allows reduction of the complexity of datasets while preserving data's covariance and visualizing the information on colorful scatterplots, ideally with only a minimal loss of information. PCA applications are extensively used as the foremost analyses in population genetics and related fields (e.g., animal and plant or medical genetics), implemented in well-cited packages like EIGENSOFT and PLINK. PCA outcomes are used to shape study design, identify and characterize individuals and populations, and draw historical and ethnobiological conclusions on origins, evolution, whereabouts, and relatedness. The replicability crisis in science has prompted us to evaluate whether PCA results are reliable, robust, and replicable. We employed an intuitive color-based model alongside human population data for eleven common test cases. We demonstrate that PCA results are artifacts of the data and that they can be easily manipulated to generate desired outcomes. PCA results may not be reliable, robust, or replicable as the field assumes. Our findings raise concerns on the validity of results reported in the literature of population genetics and related fields that place a disproportionate reliance upon PCA outcomes and the insights derived from them. We conclude that PCA may have a biasing role in genetic investigations. An alternative mixed-admixture population genetic model is discussed.

scholarly journals Population genetics of lichen-forming fungi – a review

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke WERTH
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Fungal Genetic ◽  
Genetic Structures

AbstractPopulation genetics investigates the distribution of genetic variation in natural populations and the genetic differentiation among populations. Lichen-forming fungi are exciting subjects for population genetic studies due to their obligate symbiosis with a green-algal and/or cyanobacterial photobiont, and because their different reproductive strategies could influence fungal genetic structures in various ways. In this review, first, I briefly summarize the results from studies of chemotype variation in populations of lichen-forming fungi. Second, I compare and evaluate the DNA-based molecular tools available for population genetics of lichen-forming fungi. Third, I review the literature available on the genetic structure of lichen fungi to show general trends. I discuss some fascinating examples, and point out directions for future research.

Evolutionary Genomics of High Fecundity

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-236
Author(s):  
Bjarki Eldon
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Evolutionary Genomics ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fisher Model ◽  
Evolutionary Studies

Natural highly fecund populations abound. These range from viruses to gadids. Many highly fecund populations are economically important. Highly fecund populations provide an important contrast to the low-fecundity organisms that have traditionally been applied in evolutionary studies. A key question regarding high fecundity is whether large numbers of offspring are produced on a regular basis, by few individuals each time, in a sweepstakes mode of reproduction. Such reproduction characteristics are not incorporated into the classical Wright–Fisher model, the standard reference model of population genetics, or similar types of models, in which each individual can produce only small numbers of offspring relative to the population size. The expected genomic footprints of population genetic models of sweepstakes reproduction are very different from those of the Wright–Fisher model. A key, immediate issue involves identifying the footprints of sweepstakes reproduction in genomic data. Whole-genome sequencing data can be used to distinguish the patterns made by sweepstakes reproduction from the patterns made by population growth in a population evolving according to the Wright–Fisher model (or similar models). If the hypothesis of sweepstakes reproduction cannot be rejected, then models of sweepstakes reproduction and associated multiple-merger coalescents will become at least as relevant as the Wright–Fisher model (or similar models) and the Kingman coalescent, the cornerstones of mathematical population genetics, in further discussions of evolutionary genomics of highly fecund populations.

scholarly journals Population genetic data of the 21 autosomal STRs included in GlobalFilerTM kit of a population sample from the Kingdom of Bahrain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora R. Al-Snan ◽  
Safia Messaoudi ◽  
Saranya R. Babu ◽  
Moiz Bakhiet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Autosomal Strs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Bahraini Population

AbstractIntroductionBahrain’s population consists mainly of Arabs, Baharna and Persians leading Bahrain to become ethnically diverse. The exploration of the ethnic origin and genetic structure within the Bahraini population is fundamental mainly in the field of population genetics and forensic science.AimThe purpose of the study was to investigate and conduct genetic studies in the population of Bahrain to assist in the interpretation of DNA-based forensic evidence and in the construction of appropriate databases.Materials and Methods24 short-tandem repeats in the GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification kit including 21 autosomal STR loci and three gender determination loci were amplified to characterize different genetic and forensic population parameters in a cohort of 543 Bahraini unrelated healthy men. Samples were collected during the year 2017.ResultsThe genotyping of the 21 autosomal STRs showed that most loci were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) except for three markers; D3S1358, D19S433 and D5S818 which showed deviation from HWE. We also found out no significant deviations from LD between pairwise STR loci in Bahraini population except when plotting for D3S1358-CSF1PO, CSF1PO-SE33, D19S433-D12S391, FGA-D2S1338, FGA-SE33, FGA-D7S820 and D7S820-SE33. The SE33 locus was the most polymorphic for the studied population and THO1 locus was the less polymorphic. The Allele 8 in TPOX scored the highest allele frequency of 0.496. The SE33 locus showed the highest power of discrimination (PD) in Bahraini population, whereas TPOX showed the lowest PD value. The 21 autosomal STRs showed a value of combined match probability (CMP) equal to 4.5633E-27, and a combined power of discrimination (CPD) of 99.99999999%. Off-ladders and tri-allelic variants were observed in various samples at D12S391, SE33 and D22S1045 loci.ConclusionOur study indicated that the twenty-one autosomal STRs are highly polymorphic in the Bahraini population and can be used as a powerful tool in forensics and population genetic analyses including paternity testing and familial DNA searching.Author SummaryKingdom of Bahrain is a country of 33 islands located in the Arabian Peninsula. The location of Bahrain had affected the diversity of its population, which is mainly divided into four main ethnic groups: Arabs, Baharna and Persians. Genetic studies on Bahraini population are very limited and little has been done to characterize population structure within Kingdom of Bahrain. Here, we used 21 autosomal STRs included in the GlobalFiler™ Amplification Kit to amplify DNA from 543 non-related males from Bahraini population. We conducted statistical analysis using two main different software such as STRAF and GenAlEx. Different forensic and population parameters were obtained to characterize Bahraini population. Some of the significant results obtained were the following: most of the loci were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, the most polymorphic and informative marker was SE33. Allele 8 in TPOX presented the highest allele frequency for the studied population. We also found out some of the rare variants which were recorded in STRbase website. Bahraini population was correspondingly compared to the genetic structure of the region. Our study indicated the usefulness of the 21 autosomal STRs in the GlobalFiler ™ in establishing databases, analyzing paternity and reviewing DNA-based evidences.

scholarly journals AMPLIFICACIÓN CRUZADA DE MICROSATÉLITES PARA ESTUDIOS POBLACIONALES DE DOS ESPECIES DE CAMARÓN DEL GÉNERO LITOPENAEUS EN COLOMBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Fresneda Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Chasqui Velasco ◽  
David Alonso Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Litopenaeus Setiferus ◽  
Cross Amplification ◽  
Long Time

Microsatellites are molecular markers frequently used in population genetic studies despite of the high cost, and long time involved in developing them, mainly due to their high specificity. One method to save money and time is cross-amplification, which is the DNA amplification of the target species using primers developed for a different species. By using cross-amplification, the suitability of 15 developed microsatellite loci from Litopenaeus setiferus and L. vannamei to amplify microsatellite regions of L. schmitti and L. occidentalis was evaluated. Five primers showed consistent amplification and were polymorphic in L. schmitti and four in L. occidentalis. These results point out the usefulness of cross-amplification with these primers for population genetics studies of both species.

Scoundrels or Stars? Theory and Evidence on the Quality of Workers in Online Labor Markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Farrell ◽  
Jonathan H. Grenier ◽  
Justin Leiby
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Online Labor Markets ◽  
Online Labor ◽  
Low Pay

ABSTRACT Online labor markets allow rapid recruitment of large numbers of workers for very low pay. Although online workers are often used as research participants, there is little evidence that they are motivated to make costly choices to forgo wealth or leisure that are often central to addressing accounting research questions. Thus, we investigate the validity of using online workers as a proxy for non-experts when accounting research designs use more demanding tasks than these workers typically complete. Three experiments examine the costly choices of online workers relative to student research participants. We find that online workers are at least as willing as students to make costly choices, even at significantly lower wages. We also find that online workers are sensitive to performance-based wages, which are just as effective in inducing high effort as high fixed wages. We discuss implications of our results for conducting accounting research with online workers. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

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