scholarly journals Of chronic diazepam treatments on behavior on individually housed rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Spasojevic ◽  
Ljubica Gavrilovic ◽  
V.V. Varagic ◽  
Sladjana Dronjak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Grooming Behavior ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Chronic Diazepam

The present study analyzed the effects of chronic treatment with low doses of diazepam on body weight, defecations and urinations, vertical rears, the elevated platform test, and self-grooming in male rats exposed for 21 days to social isolation. The rats were treated for 21 days with diazepam (0.2 mg/kg, i.p) or its vehicle. Social isolation led to decreased body weight and vertical rears, more defecations and urinations, increased reluctance to step down from the test platform, shorter duration of grooming, and longer reluctance to start grooming. Chronic diazepam in individually housed rats produced increase in body weight and vertical rears, decrease in the number of defecations and urinations, and shortening of the time of reluctance to step down from the platform. The number of grooming bouts, their duration, and reluctance to start grooming were not altered by diazepam, but it decreased the percentage of incorrect transitions. The obtained data indicate that chronic diazepam treatment of socially isolated rats changes non-grooming behavior and some grooming behavior parameters. .

THE LEAD CONTENT IN ORGANS OF MALE RATS UNDER CHRONIC INTAKE FROM DIET IN LOW DOSES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
E. B. Mirzoev ◽  
◽  
V. O. Kobyalko ◽  
O. A. Gubina ◽  
N. А. Frolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
By Products ◽  
Group 1

The content of lead in the liver, kidneys and spleen of male rats of the Wistar line was studied in chronic metal intake at doses of 0,0019; 0,0023 and 0,0039 mg/ kg of body weight. Clinically healthy animals (120 heads, age of 3-4 months) were divided into 4 (four) groups of 30 heads each. Group 1 of animals received basic diet and served as control. Rats of 2, 3 and 4 groups (experiment) received 5 g of meat with different concentrations of lead daily for 180 days of study with the main diet. The content of lead in meat did not exceed the permissible level (0,5 mg/kg) and was 0,13; 0,16 and 0,27 mg/kg, respectively. Samples of organs and tissues were taken of 5 (five) animals from each group for the 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 day of intoxication. Chronic intake of lead with a diet in male rats at doses of 0,0019; 0,0023 and 0,0039 mg/kg of body weight led to increasing of the concentration of metal in the liver, kidneys and spleen. The maximum values of the index were observed in animals of 4 groups, which received lead at a dose of 0,0039 mg/kg of body weight. The comparative analysis of lead concentration in organs revealed the maximum levels of metal in the kidneys, which exceeded the standards in the by-products of slaughter animals established both in Russia and in Europe. The received results allow to speak about necessity of revision of the permissible content of lead in meat and meat products of slaughter animals specified in Russian Federation (0,5 mg/ kg) and daily admission to the human body (0,0036 mg/kg of body weight) recommended by WHO.

scholarly journals Vitamin C protects against chronic social isolation stress-induced weight gain and depressive-like behavior in adult male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Alireza Najaf Dulabi ◽  
Zeinab Shakerin ◽  
Nasrin Mehranfard ◽  
Maedeh Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion

Abstract Objective. Considering the importance of ghrelin in stress-induced hyperphagia and a role of antioxidants in decreasing body weight, in the present study, the effect of vitamin C (VitC) on ghrelin secretion and food intake following chronic social isolation (CIS) was evaluated in rats. Methods. Thirty two male Wistar rats (200–220g) were randomly divided into: control, VitC, CIS, and CIS + VitC groups. Animals received VitC (500 mg/kg/day)/saline by gavage for 3 weeks. For 24 h cumulative and post 18–20 h fasting food intake, fasting plasma ghrelin level, and body weight were measured. Gastric histopathology was also evaluated. Results. Results showed a marked increase in fasting plasma ghrelin and food intake in stressed rats compared to controls. VitC prevented the increases in stressed rats. Histological assessment indicated a positive effect of VitC on gastric glandular cells compared to control, an effect that might partially be a reason of significant increase of plasma ghrelin levels in VitC rats. Elevated plasma ghrelin in VitC group was even higher than that one in stressed group, whereas there were no significant changes in the food intake. Assessment of the percentage of changes in body weight during 21 days showed a significant increase in stressed rats compared to controls. Vitamin C treatment prevented this increase. Stressed rats also displayed depression-like behavior as indicated by sucrose test, whereas VitC ameliorated it. Conclusions. The data of the present study indicate that VitC may overcome ghrelin-induced hyperphagia and improve the abnormal feeding and depressive behavior in CIS rats.

scholarly journals The Antidiabetic Effect of Low Doses ofMoringa oleiferaLam. Seeds on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki ◽  
Haddad A. El Rabey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Doses

The antidiabetic activity of two low doses ofMoringaseed powder (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, in the diet) on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes male rats was investigated. Forty rats were divided into four groups. The diabetic positive control (STZ treated) group showed increased lipid peroxide, increased IL-6, and decreased antioxidant enzyme in the serum and kidney tissue homogenate compared with that of the negative control group. Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG), fasting blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)were also increased as a result of diabetes in G2 rats. Moreover albumin was decreased, and liver enzymes andα-amylase were not affected. In addition, the renal functions and potassium and sodium levels in G2 were increased as a sign of diabetic nephropathy. Urine analysis showed also glucosuria and increased potassium, sodium, creatinine, uric acid, and albumin levels. Kidney and pancreas tissues showed also pathological alteration compared to the negative control group. Treating the diabetic rats with 50 or 100 mgMoringaseeds powder/kg body weight in G3 and G4, respectively, ameliorated the levels of all these parameters approaching the negative control values and restored the normal histology of both kidney and pancreas compared with that of the diabetic positive control group.

Ontogeny of serum and pituitary gonadotrophins in male rats treated with low doses of 5α-dihydrotestosterone

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karanth ◽  
M. K. Gill ◽  
A. Dutt ◽  
N. Lehri ◽  
H. S. Juneja
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone

ABSTRACT The effect of s.c. daily injections of 10 or 1000 ng 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)/100 g body weight from birth to day 21, or from days 26 to 117 of age, on the changes in concentration of serum and pituitary gonadotrophins was investigated in male rats. Treatment with 10 ng DHT from days 1 to 21 depressed serum FSH, but not LH, at day 7, while 1000 ng DHT depressed both serum LH and FSH. Treatment with both doses of DHT reduced pituitary levels of LH and FSH at day 7, with FSH being more depressed than LH. Treatment with 10 ng DHT from days 26 to 117 increased serum FSH from days 82 to 117, while 1000 ng DHT did not have this effect. Treatment with 1000 ng, but not 10 ng, DHT between days 26 and 117 reduced pituitary levels of LH and FSH at day 40. Rats treated with the two doses of DHT from days 26 to 117 showed a difference in the responsiveness of the pituitary to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH). Treatment with 10 ng DHT enhanced LHRH-induced release of LH without affecting FSH release, while 1000 ng DHT depressed LHRH-induced release of FSH but not of LH. These findings support the view that DHT may play a modulatory role in the ontogeny of serum gonadotrophins and the responsiveness of the pituitary to LHRH during the onset of puberty in the male rat. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 369–375

scholarly journals Social isolation induces autophagy in the mouse mammary gland: link to increased mammary cancer risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 839-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Sumis ◽  
Katherine L Cook ◽  
Fabia O Andrade ◽  
Rong Hu ◽  
Emma Kidney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Socially Isolated

Social isolation is a strong predictor of early all-cause mortality and consistently increases breast cancer risk in both women and animal models. Because social isolation increases body weight, we compared its effects to those caused by a consumption of obesity-inducing diet (OID) in C57BL/6 mice. Social isolation and OID impaired insulin and glucose sensitivity. In socially isolated, OID-fed mice (I-OID), insulin resistance was linked to reducedPpargexpression and increased neuropeptide Y levels, but in group-housed OID fed mice (G-OID), it was linked to increased leptin and reduced adiponectin levels, indicating that the pathways leading to insulin resistance are different. Carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis was significantly higher in I-OID mice than in the other groups, but cancer risk was also increased in socially isolated, control diet-fed mice (I-C) and G-OID mice compared with that in controls. Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling (GRP78; IRE1) was upregulated in the mammary glands of OID-fed mice, but not in control diet-fed, socially isolated I-C mice. In contrast, expression of BECLIN1, ATG7 and LC3II were increased, and p62 was downregulated by social isolation, indicating increased autophagy. In the mammary glands of socially isolated mice, but not in G-OID mice, mRNA expressions of p53 and the p53-regulated autophagy inducerDram1were upregulated, and nuclear p53 staining was strong. Our findings further indicated that autophagy and tumorigenesis were not increased in Atg7+/−mice kept in social isolation and fed OID. Thus, social isolation may increase breast cancer risk by inducing autophagy, independent of changes in body weight.

Potentiation of bromotrichloromethane hepatotoxicity in male rats exposed to 10 ppm dietary chlordecone: Electron Microscopic and biochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
O. M. Faroon ◽  
R. W. Henry ◽  
M. G. Soni ◽  
H. M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Cellular Energy

Previous work has shown that mirex undergoes photolytic dechlorination to chlordecone (CD) (KeponeR) in the environment. Much work has shown that prior exposure to nontoxic levels of CD causes potentiation of hepatotoxicity and lethality of CCl4, BrCCl3 and other halomethane compounds. Potentiation of bromotrichloromethane hepatotoxicity has been associated with compounds that stimulate the activity of hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO). An increase in the metabolism of halomethane by the MFO to a free radical initiates peroxidative decomposition of membranal lipids ending in massive cellular injury. However, not all MFO inducers potentiate BrCCl3 hepatotoxicity. Potentiation by much larger doses of phenobarbital is minimal and th at by a more potent inducer of MFO, mirex, is negligible at low doses. We suggest that the CD and bromotrichloromethane interaction results in a depletion of cellular energy and thereby reducing the cellular ability to undergo mitosis.

Addressing COVID-19 Worry and Social Isolation in Home-Based Primary Care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Elizabeth Weiskittle ◽  
Michelle Mlinac ◽  
LICSW Nicole Downing
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Home Based Primary Care ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Socially Isolated

Social distancing measures following the outbreak of COVID-19 have led to a rapid shift to virtual and telephone care. Social workers and mental health providers in VA home-based primary care (HBPC) teams face challenges providing psychosocial support to their homebound, medically complex, socially isolated patient population who are high risk for poor health outcomes related to COVID-19. We developed and disseminated an 8-week telephone or virtual group intervention for front-line HBPC social workers and mental health providers to use with socially isolated, medically complex older adults. The intervention draws on skills from evidence-based psychotherapies for older adults including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Problem-Solving Therapy. The manual was disseminated to VA HBPC clinicians and geriatrics providers across the United States in March 2020 for expeditious implementation. Eighteen HBPC teams and three VA Primary Care teams reported immediate delivery of a local virtual or telephone group using the manual. In this paper we describe the manual’s development and clinical recommendations for its application across geriatric care settings. Future evaluation will identify ways to meet longer-term social isolation and evolving mental health needs for this patient population as the pandemic continues.

Effect of Opuntia dejecta (Salm-Dyck) flowers in liver of fructose-fed rats: Biochemicals, enzymatic and histological studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110134
Author(s):  
O Zouaoui ◽  
K Adouni ◽  
A Jelled ◽  
A Thouri ◽  
A Ben Chrifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histological Architecture

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of flowers decoction at post-flowering stage (F3D) of Opuntia dejecta were determined. The obtained findings demonstrate that F3D has a marked antioxidant activity in all tested assays. Furthermore, the present study was designed to test the protective activity of F3D against induced Diabetes type 2 (DT2) in male rats. Those metabolic syndromes were induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD) (10% fructose solution) for a period of 20 weeks. F3D was administered orally (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) daily for the last 4 weeks. Metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug and administrated orally for the last 4 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in blood glucose, triglycerides and hepatic markers (ALAT, ASAT and ALK-P) in HFD group. A significant increase in hepatic TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD, CAT and GPX were observed in fructose fed rats compared to control group. Administration of F3D showed a protective effect in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in this study. Also, oral administration of F3D restored the histological architecture of rat liver in comparison with rats fed HFD. In conclusion, F3D attenuated hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.

Dose-dependent and time-dependent metabolic, hemodynamic, and redox disturbances in dexamethasone-treated Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvine P. Nguelefack-Mbuyo ◽  
Fernande P. Peyembouo ◽  
Christian K. Fofié ◽  
Télesphore B. Nguelefack
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Subchronic Treatment

Abstract Objectives Dexamethasone is used experimentally to induce insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, data concerning the dose, the duration of treatment, and the associated comorbidities are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of dexamethasone and the duration of treatment necessary for the development of a model of insulin resistance that mimics the clinical condition with the associated comorbidities. Methods Dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly to male Wistar rats, at doses of 500 and 1,000 µg/kg/day for the subchronic treatment (eight consecutive days) and at doses of 5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/kg/day in chronic treatment (28 consecutive days). Effects on body weight, metabolism, hemodynamics, renal function, and redox status were evaluated. Results Both treatments induced a progressive body weight loss that was drastic in subchronic treatment, improved glucose tolerance without affecting fasting glycemia. Doses of 1,000 and 100 µg/kg were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased heart rate, cardiac and renal hypertrophy. Increased creatinemia associated with reduced creatinuria were observed in sub-chronic treatment while increased proteinuria and reduced creatinuria were noticed in chronic treatment. 1,000 µg/kg dexamethasone caused an increase in hepatic, and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) coupled with a reduction in catalase activity. The dose of 100 µg/kg induced a rise in GSH and catalase activity but reduced MDA levels in the kidney. Conclusions Doses of 1,000 µg/kg for subchronic and 100 µg/kg for chronic treatment exhibited similar effects and are the best doses to respective time frames to induce the model.

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