scholarly journals Development of pituitary ACTH and GH cells in near term rat fetuses

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Milica Manojlovic-Stojanoski ◽  
Natasa Nestorovic ◽  
Natasa Negic ◽  
Svetlana Trifunovic ◽  
Milka Sekulic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Gh Cells ◽  
Near Term ◽  
First Time

This study describes the development of ACTH and GH cells in 19- and 21-day-old rat fetuses using immunohistochemistry and morphometric measurements. Between days 19 and 21 of pregnancy, the total volume of fetal ACTH cells was unchanged, while their volume density and number per unit of area decreased significantly. ACTH-like immunopositivity in the pars intermedia increased during the examined period. The cell volume, volume density and number of GH cells per unit of area all markedly increased in parallel with fetal development, i.e., from gestational days 19 to 21. GH-like immunopositivity is demonstrated in the pars intermedia of 21-day-old fetuses for the first time.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone treatment during pregnancy influences the number of TSH cells in rat fetuses

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Manojlovic-Stojanoski ◽  
Natasa Nestorovic ◽  
Natasa Negic ◽  
Branka Sosic-Jurjevic ◽  
Svetlana Trifunovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Tsh Cells

Glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones control many aspects of fetal development. Using immunohistochemistry and stereology, in the present study we investigated the effects of dexamethasone (Dx) administration during pregnancy on pituitary TSH cells of 19-day-old fetuses. Doses of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.5 mg Dx/kg bw/day were given to the dams on three consecutive days starting on day 16 of gestation. Administration of Dx to pregnant rats induced a significant decline of fetal TSH cell number per unit of area and their volume density in comparison with the corresponding controls. Our results showed that maternal Dx administration inhibited multiplication of TSH cells in 19-day-old fetuses.

scholarly journals Immunohistomorphometric Characteristics Of Pituitary GH Cells In Infant And Peripubertal Female Rats After Treatment With Estradiol Or Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Natasa Ristic ◽  
Vladimir Ajdzanovic ◽  
Svetlana Trifunovic ◽  
Nasta Tanic ◽  
Nada Bujisic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Gh Cells

AbstractThe effects of estradiol-dipropionate (EDP) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on immunohistomorphometric characteristics of pituitary GH cells in infant and peripubertal female rats were investigated. The first group of females received five injections of EDP (0.25 mg/kg b.w.) during the neonatal period of life, and was further divided into two subgroups which were sacrificed at the infantile period (17th day) or at the peripubertal period (38th day). The second group received two doses of hCG (50 IU/kg b.w.) on the 15th and 16th day of life in the first subgroup, and on the 36th and 37th days of life in the second subgroup, while they were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment, respectively. The control females were injected with an equivalent volume of the vehicle and sacrificed according to the appropriate schedules as the hormone treated rats. EDP treatment decreased GH cell volume density in infant and peripubertal females, by 38% and 76% (p<0.05) respectively, in comparison with the controls. The number of GH cells per mm2 in infantile and peripubertal period was decreased in EDP treated animals by 26% and 53% (p<0.05) respectively, compared to the controls. Also, upon EDP treatment in both periods, GH cells were diminished in size and less intensely immunolabelled than in the control groups. The morphometric parameters in animals treated with hCG were insignificantly changed in both analyzed periods, in comparison with the controls. Unlike hCG, EDP manifested clear inhibitory effects on the immunohistomorphometric characteristics of GH cells in examined female rats.

scholarly journals Testosterone level, nasal gland volume and Leydig cell morphometry in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Costa ◽  
T.A.R. Paula
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Proportional Increase

The testosterone levels with nasal gland volume and Leydig cell morphometry in sexually mature capybaras were compared using 10 adult capybaras, aging 28 months. Body and testicular weight were 50kg and 28g, respectively. The gonadosomatic index was 0.11±0.02%, while nasal gland volume was 34.12±13.04ml. Serum testosterone concentration was 25.07±14.73ng/ml. Leydig cell volume density and leydigosomatic index were, respectively, 28.8±8.3% and 0.030±0.007%. Total and individual Leydig cell volumes were 6.88±1.92ml and 2,228.14±272.59x10-12ml, respectively. Leydig cell numbers per testis and per gram of testis were, respectively, 3,079.4±719.9x10(6) and 115.09±31.78x10(6) cells. These results show that increase in serum testosterone concentration is correlated to a proportional increase of nasal gland and Leydig cell volume in capybaras.

scholarly journals Diversity and Morphometry of Chiropteran Fauna in Jahangirnagar University Campus, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Anik Saha ◽  
Md Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Pipistrellus Pipistrellus ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
First Time ◽  
Flying Fox

The study was conducted to know the diversity of Chiropterans as well as their status and morphometric measurements in Jahangirnagar University campus between July, 2014 and April, 2015. Eight species of bats from three families were identified where Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) and Pouch Tomb Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus) were recorded for the first time in Bangladesh. A total of 31bat individuals of 8 species were captured during 15 netting nights for morphological studies. Skull preparation was carried out for taking cranial measurements to identify the Pipistrelle species. No roosting colony of Pteropus gigantius was found in the study area but it visits the area only for foraging while the other species roost permanently. The old buildings in the study area provide suitable habitats for a significant number of insectivore bats. Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus gigantius) was the largest (mean head body length 23.33±1.86cm) and Least Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus tenuis) was the smallest (mean head body length 39.45±1.66 mm) species observed from the study area.Bangladesh J. Zool. 43(2): 201-212, 2015

scholarly journals Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1904) ◽  
pp. 20190409 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Michael Unwin ◽  
D. Charles Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Near Term ◽  
First Time

Recent fossil finds in China and Argentina have provided startling new insights into the reproductive biology and embryology of pterosaurs, Mesozoic flying reptiles. Nineteen embryos distributed among four species representing three distinct clades have been described and all are assumed to be at, or near, term. We show here how the application of four contrasting quantitative approaches allows a more precise identification of the developmental status of embryos revealing, for the first time to our knowledge, the presence of middle and late developmental stages as well as individuals that were at term. We also identify a predicted relationship between egg size and shape and the developmental stage of embryos contained within. Small elongate eggs contain embryos at an earlier stage of development than larger rounder eggs which contain more fully developed embryos. Changes in egg shape and size probably reflect the uptake of water, consistent with a pliable shell reported for several pterosaurs. Early ossification of the vertebral column, limb girdles and principal limb bones involved some heterochronic shifts in appearance times, most notably of manus digit IV, and facilitated full development of the flight apparatus prior to hatching. This is consistent with a super-precocial flight ability and, while not excluding the possibility of parental care in pterosaurs, suggests that it was not an absolute requirement.

Introduction: Contemporary Romanian politics

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Regime Transition ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
Current Regime ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Post Communism ◽  
First Time

Romania is an archetypical case of protracted post-communism. Its regime transition was problematic and its founding election flawed, allowing successor communists to secure their hold on power. A period of quasi-authoritarianism and failed reform followed until critical elections in 1996 brought the liberal opposition to power for the first time. Since that time its political system has stabilized into a pattern in which electoral competition occurs but political accountability is limited and corruption is widespread. The current regime should therefore be considered as consolidated, bearing the marks of the transition period, but unlikely to undergo any further near term dramatic change.

scholarly journals Antenatal Treatment with Glucocorticoids and the Hypotalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski ◽  
Nataša Ristić ◽  
Sandra Singh ◽  
Verica Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoids

Summary Fetal development is a critical period in the life cycle which is why the placenta provides a structural and physiological barrier that protects the fetus from the outer fluctuations and inner disturbances. A variety of influences from the environment, however, might induce fetal overexposure to glucocorticoids that target the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and influence the fetal growth trajecto-r y. Development of the HPA axis starts in the early stages of pregnancy, but the timing of HPA axis maturation and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in relation to birth is highly species-specific. The functional state of the fetal HPA axis plays a key role in the maturation of many organs necessary for intrauterine development and existence after birth. A functional HPA axis in near-term fetuses provides an adequate response to stress and also affects the timing of parturition. Due to their potent effect on the maturation of fetal tissues, synthetic glucocorticoids are used in human pregnancy at risk of preterm delivery. Dexamethasone and betamethasone, as the ones most commonly used, cross the placental enzymatic barrier (11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 – 11b-HSD2) and have 25-fold higher affinity to the GR than endogenous glucocorticoids, stimulating many aspects of fetal maturation. Despite the numerous positive effects, exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids during fetal development may result in intrauterine growth retardation and fetal programming of the HPA axis function which is associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and psychiatric disorders manifested later in life. Long-term consequences indicate the need for the implementation of new studies that will provide a better understanding of the link between glucocorti-coid overexposure during fetal development and adverse outcomes in adulthood.

Ultrastructural changes in isolated perfused proximal tubules during osmotic water flow

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. F1091-F1104
Author(s):  
A. B. Maunsbach ◽  
S. Tripathi ◽  
E. L. Boulpaep
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Osmotic Water ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Osmotic Water Flow

Steady-state effects of osmotic gradients on extracellular spaces and cell volumes were studied by ultrastructural morphometry in isolated perfused Ambystoma proximal tubules. Solute clamping, high-resolution pressure and flow control of lumen and bath solutions were all ascertained before and during fixation. Isosmotic removal of organic substrates in the lumen reversibly abolished transport, as confirmed by transepithelial potential decrease from -4.7 +/- 0.5 to -0.5 +/- 0.2 mV (n = 8) but had no effect on ultrastructural parameters. The walls of the extracellular spaces are therefore not deformed by spontaneous solute-coupled water transport. A hyperosmolar lumen generated a streaming potential of -1.56 +/- 0.15 mV (n = 8), reduced cell volume to 65%, reduced lateral intercellular space (LIS) volume to 20%, and LIS volume density to 29% of control without significant effects on the volume of the basal extracellular labyrinth (BEL). A hyperosmolar bath generated a streaming potential of +1.96 +/- 0.30 mV (n = 7), reduced cell volume to 68%, and increased LIS volume density to 236% of control. BEL volume was 55% larger during lumen-to-bath flow than during bath-to-lumen flow. Because cell volume reduction is very similar for both directions of osmotic water flow, the oppositely directed volume changes in the extracellular spaces are secondary to transepithelial water flow. The greater change in volume of LIS compared with BEL indicates that the outermost parts of the LIS are more resistive to transepithelial water flow than the slitlike communications of the BEL with the peritubular space.

428: Acute hypoxic stress-induced in utero meconium passage in near term rat fetuses is mediated by a novel myenteric neuronal CRF-R1/R2 receptor system

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. S164
Author(s):  
Jayaraman Lakshmanan ◽  
John D. Richard ◽  
James P. Ho ◽  
Matthew H. Ho ◽  
Sharon K. Sugano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Utero ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Near Term

Rapid determination of cell volume density in mammalian cell suspensions

1980 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Tolbert ◽  
Mary M. Hitt ◽  
Joseph Feder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Cell Suspensions
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