scholarly journals Macroinvertebrates and fishes in the part of the Danube flowing through the Iron Gate national park and possibilities of their protection under in situ and ex situ conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladica Simic ◽  
Snezana Simic
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Iron Gate ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Comparison of the results of later investigations of the Danube in the part flowing through in the Iron Gate (Djerdap) National Park with those of research conducted earlier (20 to 40 years ago) shows that changes have occurred in regard to the presence and especially the abundance of certain hydrobionts on this sector of the river, a finding that applies to all groups examined. The paper discusses the potential and results of conservation measures realized through both legal regulations and medium-term plans for the advancement of fishing in this region. In addition to in situ study during the period from 1999 to 2003, a large number of species (especially of macroinvertebrates and fish) were also investigated under artificial conditions (in the Kragujevac Aquarium) in order to gain a better understanding of their ecological characteristics, especially their sensitivity to various environmental stress factors. The presented results indicate that weight of specimens and success of culturing under ex situ conditions are correlated with their sensitivity under natural conditions.

PHASE FORMATION AND TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT IN AG-SHEATHED Bi, Pb(2223) TAPES STUDIED BY DIFFERENT IN-SITU AND EX-SITU DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 2688-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GIANNINI ◽  
E. BELLINGERI ◽  
F. MARTI ◽  
M. DHALLÉ ◽  
V. HONKIMÄKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Texture Development ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Geometry ◽  
Reflection Geometry ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
In Situ Neutron Diffraction

In-situ and ex-situ high energy (80÷88 keV) X-Ray diffraction from a synchrotron radiation source were performed on multifilamentary Bi, Pb(2223)/Ag tapes using a transmission scattering geometry. Several thermo-mechanical procedures were compared, focusing mainly on the texture development of both Bi, Pb(2212) and Bi, Pb(2223) phases. The effect of the periodic pressing on the texture and on the critical current is elucidated. The texture development of the Bi, Pb(2212) phase prior to its transformation into Bi, Pb(2223) was directly observed in-situ at high temperature by using a dedicated high-energy X-ray compatible furnace and a high resolution Image Plate detector. A sharp increase of the Bi, Pb(2212) grain orientation along the [00l] direction was found to occur only above 750°C. Normal state transport measurements are in full agreement with the formation mechanism and with the texture development observed. A comparison of the results with the ones provided by in-situ neutron diffraction and standard low-energy XRD in a reflection geometry is presented.

scholarly journals Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
Jane Muthoni ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Rob Melis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Natural Habitats

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

scholarly journals The Majella National Park: a case study for the conservation of plant biodiversity in the Italian Apennines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Valter Di Cecco ◽  
Marco Di Santo ◽  
Michele Di Musciano ◽  
Aurelio Manzi ◽  
Mirella Di Cecco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Italian Apennines

The Majella National Park (MNP) is a tangible example of the interaction between ex-situ and in-situ conservation of endemic, rare, or endangered species at a Regional level in the context of the Italian national parks. The MNP has the facilities and carries out activities for the conservation of plant biodiversity: it includes botanical gardens, a seed bank, a nursery, and a network of “guardian farmers”, an authentic “granary” in which to protect and conserve biodiversity in and around the Majella massif (central Italy).

scholarly journals CAMINHOS PARA A GEOCONSERVAÇÃO NO PARQUE NACIONAL DA CHAPADA DAS MESAS: estratégias para a inclusão participativa comunitária no Geoturismo

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Fernando Campelo Pãozinho ◽  
Luiza Corral Martins de Oliveira Ponciano
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Social Design ◽  
Cultural Patrimony ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Negative Impacts

WAYS FOR GEOCONSERVATION IN THE CHAPADA DAS MESAS NATIONAL PARK: strategies for participatory community inclusion in geotourismCAMINOS PARA LA GEOCONSERVACIÓN EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL DE LA CHAPADA DE LAS MESAS: estrategias para la inclusión participativa comunitaria en el GeoturismoRESUMOO Patrimônio Geológico está na interseção entre o patrimônio natural e o cultural, sendo formado pelos elementos da Geodiversidade dotados de valores significativos e dispostos em geossítios (in situ) ou em coleções (ex situ). De modo geral, sua disposição espacial pode estar ou não salvaguardada por legislações protetivas, o que, de qualquer forma, não inibe a possibilidade de sofrer impactos negativos de qualquer grau. Sendo assim, verifica-se a oportunidade de mitigação destes impactos negativos por meio do Geoturismo. Para tanto, o planejamento participativo no Geoturismo deve levar em consideração as diferentes características dos atores sociais, incluindo a comunidade local. O objetivo desta pesquisa é evidenciar a relevância de trabalhar atividades relacionadas aos valores culturais e paisagísticos do Patrimônio Geológico como forma estratégica de contemplar a participação comunitária no planejamento do Geoturismo, a fim de atingir maior eficiência nas etapas de valorização, divulgação e monitoramento no Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas. Verificou-se que o uso de metodologias participativas de Design Social dinamizou as atividades junto à comunidade local, tornando-se um canal eficiente para descobrir soluções a partir das percepções de suas experiências e da relação do Patrimônio Geológico com a sua identidade cultural. Estas contribuições facilitaram o entendimento da população local de Carolina-MA que trabalha com atividades associadas ao turismo sobre a relevância e a relação do Patrimônio Geológico com os aspectos culturais da Chapada das Mesas, integrando o Geoturismo como opção complementar à oferta turística da região.Palavras-chave: Geodiversidade; Patrimônio Geológico; Geoturismo; Chapada das Mesas.ABSTRACT The geological heritage is at the intersection between the natural and cultural patrimony, being formed by geodiversity elements endowed with significant values and arranged in geosites (in situ) or in collections (ex situ). In general, their spatial disposition may or may not be safeguarded by protective legislation, which, in any case, does not inhibit the possibility of suffering negative impacts of any degree. Therefore, there is an opportunity to mitigate these negative impacts through geotourism. For this purpose, participatory planning in geotourism should take into account the different characteristics of social actors, including the local community. The objective of this research is to highlight the relevance of working activities related to the cultural and landscape values of geological heritage as a strategic way to contemplate community participation in geotourism planning in order to achieve greater efficiency in the stages of valorization, dissemination and monitoring in the National Park of Chapada das Mesas. It was verified that the use of participative methodologies of Social Design dynamized the activities with the local community, becoming an efficient channel to discover solutions from the perceptions of their experiences and the relation of the geological patrimony with its cultural identity. These contributions facilitated the understanding of the local population of Carolina-MA that works with activities associated with tourism on the relevance and the relation of the geological heritage with the cultural aspects of the Chapada das Mesas, integrating geotourism as a complementary option to the tourist offer of the region.Keywords: Geodiversity; Geological Heritage; Geotourism; Chapada das Mesas.RESUMENEl patrimonio geológico está en la intersección entre el patrimonio natural y el cultural, formado por los elementos de la geodiversidad dotados de valores significativos y dispuestos en geosítios (in situ) o en colecciones (ex situ). En general, su disposición espacial puede estar o no salvaguardada por legislaciones protectivas, lo que, de cualquier forma, no inhibe la posibilidad de sufrir impactos negativos de cualquier grado. Siendo así, se verifica la oportunidad de mitigación de estos impactos negativos por medio del Geoturismo. Para ello, la planificación participativa en el Geoturismo debe tener en cuenta las diferentes características de los actores sociales, incluyendo la comunidad local. El objetivo de esta investigación es evidenciar la relevancia de trabajar actividades relacionadas a los valores culturales y paisajísticos del patrimonio geológico como forma estratégica de contemplar la participación comunitaria en la planificación del Geoturismo, a fin de alcanzar mayor eficiencia en las etapas de valorización, divulgación y monitoreo en el Parque Nacional de la Chapada de las Mesas. Se verificó que el uso de metodologías participativas de Diseño Social dinamizó las actividades junto a la comunidad local, convirtiéndose en un canal eficiente para descubrir soluciones a partir de las percepciones de sus experiencias y de la relación del patrimonio geológico con su identidad cultural. Estas contribuciones facilitaron el entendimiento de la población local de Carolina-MA que trabaja con actividades asociadas al turismo sobre la relevancia y la relación del patrimonio geológico con los aspectos culturales de la Chapada de las Mesas, integrando el Geoturismo como opción complementaria a la oferta turística de la región.Palabras clave: Geodiversidad; Patrimonio Geológico; Geoturismo; Chapada de las Mesas.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI PAKAN KUSKUS (Phalangeridae) ASAL MALUKU DI TAMAN NASIONAL MANUSELA BAGIAN UTARA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Sri Kurniati Handayani ◽  
Rony Marsyal Kunda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Trade Study ◽  
Forest Plants ◽  
Wild Life

Cuscus is a marsupials, nocturnal, prehensile tails, and included to the family of Phalangeridae. In Indonesia, Ailurops, Phalanger, Spilocuscus and Strigocuscus have limited distribution on Eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua and Timor Island). In Indonesia cuscus are protected animals. This is due to the decline in population in its natural habitat due to deforestation, poaching and illegal wild life trade. Study is needed on the type of cuscus feed in native habitat base on the original character of vegetation in the hope of helping wild life conservation efforts in the future. The strategy of cuscus conservationin-situ and ex-situfrom native habitat will be more focused and effective if the potential information of plants as a food source can be known with certainty.The purpose of this study was to determine the types of plants as feed cuscus (Phalangeridae) from Maluku in the Northern part of Manusela National Park, Central Maluku district. The results showed 44 species of forest plants consumed by cuscus in Manusela National Park. The cuscus from Maluku consume young leaves from 29 species plants  (66%), fruit from 26 species plants (59%), flowers from 4 species plants (9%), shoots from 3 species (7%) of plants. Eight plant species (18%) are consumed its fruit and young leaves, two plant species (5%) are consumed its fruit and flowers, one plant species (2%), consumed its fruit and shoots, and two plant species ( 5%) are consumed its young leaves, flowers, and fruit. Palatability of the cuscus showed that each cuscus choos 43 species of plants (98%) as a food, P. orientalis and P.Urinusdid not choose Syzygium aqueum while S. maculatus, and P. vestitus did not choose Flacourtia inemis as resources feed.   Kuskus adalah hewan berkantung (marsupial), aktif di malam hari (nocturnal), berekor panjang yang kuat (prehensile), dan masuk dalam famili Phalangeridae. Di Indonesia, kuskus dari anggota genus Ailurops, Phalanger, Spilocuscus, dan Strigocuscus menyebar terbatas hanya di Indonesia Bagian Timur (Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua, dan Pulau Timor). Di Indonesia, kukus termasuk dalam hewan yang dilindungi. Dibutuhkan studi untuk mengidentifikasi jenis pakan kuskus pada habitat alami yang diharapkan dapat membantu usaha konservasi satwa ini di masa mendatang. Strategi konservasi kuskus secara in-situ maupun ex-situ berdasarkan asal habitat akan lebih terarah dan berhasil guna apabila informasi potensi tumbuhan sebagai sumber pakan dapat diketahui dengan pasti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan sebagai pakan kuskus (Phalangeridae) asal Maluku di Taman Nasional Manusela bagian Utara, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, ditemukan 44 spesies tumbuhan hutan yang dikonsumsi kuskus di Taman Nasional Manusela. Dari hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa kuskus asal Maluku pada umumnya mengonsumsi bagian tumbuhan yang masih muda berupa daun muda 29 spesies (66%), buah 26 spesies (59%), bunga 4 spesies (9%), dan tunas 3 spesies (6%). Delapan spesies tumbuhan (18%) dengan komposisi buah dan daun muda paling disukai kuskus, dua spesies tumbuhan (5%) dengan komposisi buah dan bunga, satu jenis tumbuhan (2%), dengan komposisi buah dan tunas muda, serta dua spesies tumbuhan (5%) dengan komposisi daun muda, bunga, dan buah. Palatabilitas pada kuskus menunjukkan bahwa setiap genus kuskus memilih 43 spesies tumbuhan (98%) sebagai sumber pakan, P.orientalis dan P. Urinus tidak memilih Syzygium aqueum sedangkan S. maculatus, dan P. vestitus tidak memilih Flacourtia inemis sebagai sumber pakan.

Plasma Passivation Scheme for III–V Compound Semiconductor Surfaces

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Theeten ◽  
S. Gourrier ◽  
P. Friedel ◽  
M. Taillepied ◽  
D. Arnoult ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auger Spectroscopy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Leakage Currents ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Gaas Devices ◽  
Deposition Yield ◽  
Plasma Passivation ◽  
Electrical Analysis ◽  
Recombination Velocity

AbstractPassivation of III-V compounds, especially GaAs, is still a major problem. Surface mechanisms related to stoichiometry defects (free As formation, vacancies) play an important role in the detrimental effects observed on GaAs devices (interface traps, leakage currents, parasitic transients …).We first analyze the phenomena occuring at GaAs (100) surfaces exposed to several (H2,N2 ) multipolar plasmas, with the following methods : - in situ study of the surface morphology and roughness using ellipsometry and electron diffraction - chemical analysis using photoemission and Auger spectroscopy - electrical analysis in situ (Fermi level position deduced from photoemission, work function measurements) or ex situ (device characterization, C(V) analysis).Using H2 based plasma treatments, a complete cleaning (oxide and contamination removal) can be obtained at moderate (below 200 °C) temperatures. This process, associated with surface nitridation and dielectric deposition, yield improved surface properties (lower recombination velocity and reduction of devices parasitic effects).The case of Ga1−xInxAs (100) surfaces (with x varying from 0 to 0.53)is then discussed and a comparative study is given, indicating that native nitridation may also be a good solution,in this case.

scholarly journals The aspects of reproduction of Clathrus archeri (Berk.) Dring by re-situ method in the National Nature Park Hutsulshchyna

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Pasaylyuk ◽  
Yurii Petrichuk ◽  
Nadiia Tsvyd ◽  
Maryna Sukhomlyn
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Biodiversity Preservation ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Data Book

Abstract The biodiversity preservation is one of the main missions on present days. Two main trends of biodiversity conservation in-situ and ex-situ are known today. However, use of both these methods is not enough for the protection of rare species of macromycetes. Therefore, we need a new method for protecting the rare species of fungi, which support their vital process in not only the laboratory but also reproducing it in nature. In this article, we propose the use of a new method of preserving the rare species of fungi in nature. The re-situ is a method that provides introducing and support of vital functions of mushroom in nature with the forming of their basidioma. For our research, we used Clathrus archeri (Berk.) Dring, which is included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. It was found that the substrate on which the mycelium was grown and subsequently used for natural conditions had a significant influence on the success of‘reinoculation’ of C. archeri. Among all the investigated substrates, only one (beech shavings) proved to be suitable for growing of sowing mycelium of C. archeri. The research showed that the reproduction of C. archeri in nature should be held on non-forest experimental sites, mainly on meadows during the spring months.

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