scholarly journals Effects of acute hypoxia on the energy status and antioxidant defense system in the blood of carp - Cyprinvs carpio L.

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Radoslav Zikic ◽  
Andras Stajn ◽  
Sladjan Pavlovic ◽  
Branka Ognjanovic ◽  
Snezana Maletic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

The influence of acute hypoxia on glucose, pyruvate, lipid peroxide (LP) reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and lactate level in the whole blood of carp (Cyprinus carpio L) under aquarium conditions were studied. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the concentrations of ATP and ADP and ATP/ADP ratio in the red blood cells (RBCs) were analyzed. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was determined in the plasma. Our experiments showed that short-term and long-term hypoxia causes significant changes of all examined haema-tological parameters. Increased concentration of LP and increased SOD CAT and GST activities, as well as a decreased GSH-Px activity showed that under hypoxic conditions oxidative stress and RBCs damage were produced.

Indicators of the antioxidant system in the long-term period after acute mercury nitrate poisoning in the experiment

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
E. G. Batotsyrenova ◽  
O. A. Vakunenkova ◽  
E. A. Zolotoverkhaya ◽  
V. A. Kashuro ◽  
T. A. Kostrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
The State ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mercury Nitrate

The article presents experimental data on the state of the antioxidant system in red blood cells of white outbred rats 1 and 3 months after acute mercury nitrate poisoning with a semilethal dose. It has been established that this form of intoxication is accompanied by pronounced changes in the state of the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes of poisoned animals (a decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione, a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products).It has been shown that the mercury content in the blood of experimental animals remains elevated during the entire study period.The results obtained indicate the importance of impaired functioning of the antioxidant system in the implementation of long-term consequences of acute mercury poisoning. The reasons for the occurrence of these biochemical shifts and their role in the development of the long-term cytotoxic effects of mercury nitrate are discussed.

scholarly journals Endogenous Carbon Monoxide Signaling Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Intracellular Glucose Utilization: Impact of the Heme Oxygenase Substrate Hemin

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stucki ◽  
Julia Steinhausen ◽  
Philipp Westhoff ◽  
Heide Krahl ◽  
Dominik Brilhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Redox Cycling ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heme Oxygenases ◽  
Cycling System

Stress-inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of heme yielding biliverdin, ferrous iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). Heme oxygenase activity has been attributed to antioxidant defense via the redox cycling system of biliverdin and bilirubin. There is increasing evidence that CO is a gaseous signaling molecule and plays a role in the regulation of energy metabolism. Inhibitory effects of CO on the respiratory chain are well established, but the implication of such a process on the cellular stress response is not well understood. By means of extracellular flux analyses and isotopic tracing, we studied the effects of CO, either released from the CO donor CORM-401 or endogenously produced by heme oxygenases, on the respiratory chain and glucose metabolism. CORM-401 was thereby used as a tool to mimic endogenous CO production by heme oxygenases. In the long term (>60 min), CORM-401-derived CO exposure inhibited mitochondrial respiration, which was compensated by increased glycolysis accompanied by a loss of the ATP production rate and an increase in proton leakage. This effect pattern was likewise observed after endogenous CO production by heme oxygenases. However, in the present setting, these effects were only observed when sufficient substrate for heme oxygenases (hemin) was provided. Modulation of the HO-1 protein level was less important. The long-term influence of CO on glucose metabolism via glycolysis was preceded by a short-term response (<30 min) of the cells to CO. Stable isotope-labeling experiments and metabolic flux analysis revealed a short-term shift of glucose consumption from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) along with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Overall, we suggest that signaling by endogenous CO stimulates the rapid formation of reduction equivalents (NADPH) via the PPP, and plays an additional role in antioxidant defense, e.g., via feed-forward stimulation of the bilirubin/biliverdin redox cycling system.

scholarly journals Elevated Temperature and Exposure to Copper Leads to Changes in the Antioxidant Defense System of the Reef-Building Coral Mussismilia harttii

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana da Silva Fonseca ◽  
Laura Fernandes de Barros Marangoni ◽  
Joseane Aparecida Marques ◽  
Adalto Bianchini
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

The frequency and severity of coral bleaching events have increased in recent years. Global warming and contamination are primarily responsible for triggering these responses in corals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the isolated and combined effects of elevated temperature and exposure to copper (Cu) on responses of the antioxidant defense system of coral Mussismilia harttii. In a marine mesocosm, fragments of the coral were exposed to three temperatures (25.0, 26.6, and 27.3°C) and three concentrations of Cu (2.9, 5.4, and 8.6 μg/L) for up to 12 days. Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activity of enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), were evaluated on the corals and symbionts. The short exposure to isolated and combined stressors caused a reduction in GSH levels and inhibition of the activity of antioxidant enzymes. After prolonged exposure, the combination of stressors continued to reduce GSH levels and SOD, CAT, and GCL activity in symbionts and GST activity in host corals. GCL activity was the parameter most affected by stressors, remaining inhibited after 12-days exposure. Interesting that long-term exposure to stressors stimulated antioxidant defense proteins in M. harttii, demonstrating a counteracting response that may beneficiate the oxidative state. These results, combined with other studies already published suggest that the antioxidant system should be further studied in order to understand the mechanisms of tolerance of South Atlantic reefs.

scholarly journals Changes in GSH-antioxidant system induced by daunorubicin in human normal and diabetic fibroblasts.

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zatorska ◽  
Janusz Maszewski ◽  
Zofia Jóźwiak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione Reductase Activity ◽  
Drug Free

We investigated the effect of daunorubicin on glutathione content and activity of GSH-related enzymes in cultured normal and diabetic human fibroblasts. Cells were incubated with 4 microM daunorubicin (DNR) for 2 h followed by culture in drug-free medium for up to 72 h. Treatment of diabetic cells with the drug caused a time-dependent depletion of intracellular GSH and a decrease of the GSH to total glutathione ratio. GSH depletion was accompanied by apoptotic changes in morphology of the nucleus. Analysis of GSH-related enzymes showed a significant increase of the activities of Se-dependent and Se-independent peroxidases and glutathione S-transferase. In contrast, glutathione reductase activity was reduced by 50%. Significant differences between normal and diabetic cells exposed to DNR were observed in the level of GST and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities. These findings indicated that daunorubicin efficiently affects the GSH antioxidant defense system both in normal and diabetic fibroblasts leading to disturbances in glutathione content as well as in the activity of GSH-related enzymes.

scholarly journals Characteristics of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system in chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
V. V. Tsukanov ◽  
A. A. Sinyakov ◽  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
N. G. Elmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

Background. The problem of gastric cancer remains unresolved throughout the world, while chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) increases the likelihood of its development by 15 times. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is among the highest, with it prevailing among males. One of the leading mechanisms in molecular pathology of membranes is lipid peroxidation (LPO). The severity of oxidative membrane damage depends on concomitant diseases, contributing to emergence and progression of pathological processes and development of cancer. Currently, the problem of LPO is unsolved in biological systems.The aim of this study was to investigate the state of LPO and antioxidant defense system in CAG and GC. Materials and methods. The parameters were studied in 45 patients with CAG and 50 patients with GC. The control group included 50 practically healthy volunteers without gastrointestinal complaints, who did not have changes in the gastric mucosa according to the fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS) findings.Results. In patients with CAG, an increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase was found in the blood plasma compared with the control group. In patients with CAG, lipid peroxidation was activated, and the malondialdehyde level increased by 3.5 times relative to normal values. At the same time, the body fought against oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. All patients with GC showed pronounced oxidative stress in the blood plasma in the form of a 45-fold increase in malondialdehyde. The activity of the main antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was reduced in GC. Catalase was activated, which indicated pronounced oxidative stress, significant damage to blood vessels, and massive cell death. Glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) and the antioxidant protein ceruloplasmin were activated, which also indicated significant oxidative stress and severe intoxication in patients with GC.Conclusion. Depending on the stage and type of cancer, an in-depth study of lipid peroxidation and factors of the antioxidant defense system can be used to correct therapy and prevent cancer and can serve as markers of progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. 

Assessment of Hepatic Antioxidant Parameters in Zebrafish upon Exposure to Urban River Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 936-940
Author(s):  
Chen Yuan Pan ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Xiang Jie Lei ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Ming Hong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
River Water ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Environmental Estrogens ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

The present study aims to evaluate the adverse effects of contaminated urban river water on fish. Hepatic antioxidant parameters, including the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, as well as glutathione content, were significantly inhibited in zebrafish upon 14-d exposure to urban river water sampled from Shanghai, China, which was determined to be potentially contaminated by environmental estrogens (EEs) using the yeast estrogen screen bioassay. However, using estradiol as an estrogen standard for exposure, our results did not show a direct correlation between EE contamination and impairment of the antioxidant defense system of fish.

Modulation of antioxidant defense system after long term arsenic exposure in Zantedeschia aethiopica and Anemopsis californica

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez ◽  
Florentina Zurita ◽  
Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí ◽  
Brenda Solis-Sánchez ◽  
Laura Wence-Chávez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Zantedeschia Aethiopica ◽  
Anemopsis Californica

Effect of long-term exposure to cold on the antioxidant defense system in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Spasić ◽  
S. Saičić ◽  
B. Buzadžić ◽  
B. Korać ◽  
D. Blagojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Exposure To Cold
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