Assessment of biodegradation in soil conditions of selected products from natural or synthetic materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Jacek Słoma ◽  
Adam Ekielski ◽  
Marcin Trzciński ◽  
Ewa Tulska ◽  
Tomasz Żelaziński
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Biodegradation In Soil

scholarly journals Effect of Lime and Soil Conditioners on Crop Yields and Soil Aggregation

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
J. A. Bonnet ◽  
R. Pérez-Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Plant Crop

Data are presented here on the effect of synthetic soil conditioners on aggregation and aggregate stability of acid Lares clay and on their effect, with or without lime, on the yields of sweetpotatoes, cotton, and corn. Three conditioners were used: Formulations 6 and 9 of Krilium, and Aerotil, dry form, each at the rates of 900, 1,800, and 3,600 pounds to the acre. There were 20 treatments: Check, lime, conditioners at three levels, and conditioners at the same three levels plus lime. The data presented indicate that these conditioners will stabilize soil structural units, but will not form them. Five crops were grown as a sequence: Sweetpotatoes, cotton, cotton (a ratoon crop), sweetpotatoes, and corn. All crops, except the cotton ratoon, showed some response to the application of soil conditioners. Sweetpotato, a root crop, was more responsive; but the cotton plant crop responded also to stabilized good structural soil conditions. The largest crop responses measured were in the limed treatments. Increases attributable to lime were obtained either in the presence or absence of synthetic soil conditioners. Liming and rational fertilization seems to be the key to increased productivity in some acid soils of Puerto Rico. The synthetic materials do not have practical possibilities in large-scale farming.

scholarly journals Pengujian Daya Dukung Tanah Pasir Dengan Perkuatan Geogrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Sarah alwiyah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Local Shear

[ID] Memperbaiki kondisi tanah merupakan salah satu penyelesaian masalah untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah dan memperkecil penurunan. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi dalam bidang geoteknik maka perkuatan tanah dapat dilakukan dengan memasang bahan sintetis seperti pemakaian geogrid. Geogrid mengandalkan kekuatan tarik yang tinggi dan kemuluran creep yang rendah, untuk kasus longsoran geogrid ditempatkan pada lapisan tanah, ditimbun, dan dipadatkan lapis demi lapis sehingga dapat menjaga menstabilkan tanah dengan mendistribusikannya menjadi kuat tarik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh panjang geogrid terhadap penambahan daya dukung tanah pasir dan jumlah lapisan geogrid yang paling efisien untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah pasir terhadap beban pondasi dangkal menerus dengan perkuatan geogrid produk Tencate Geosynthetis asia Sdn Bhd (Malaysia) tipe GX 40/40 serta memiliki short term tensile strength 40 Kn/m.  Penilitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model pondasi menerus yang diletakkan diatas kotak transparan yang diisi pasir dengan kondisi kepadatan relatif (Dr) 20%-40% dan diberi beban tegak lurus menggunakan dongkrak hidrolik. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui model keruntuhan yang terjadi adalah jenis Local shear dimana geogrid mengalami tarikan pada lokasi sekitar dibawah pondasi dengan lapisan teratas dan lapisan kedua mengalami tarikan yang lebih besar. Pada pengujian penempatan geogrid lapisan teratas terhadap pondasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kuat dukung terbesar diperoleh pada LG/B = 3. Pada pengujian penggunaan geogrid 2 lapis diperoleh jarak antara lembaran geogrid (s) menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kuat dukung terbesar diperoleh dengan jarak s = 0,4B. Pada pengujian jumlah pemasangan lapisan geogrid menunjukkan bahwa kuat dukung meningkat dari pemasangan 1 lapisan menjadi 2 lapisan dan penambahan jumlah selanjutnya tidak menunjukkan penambahan kuat dukung yang cukup segnifikan. [EN] Improving soil conditions is a solution to the problem to increase the bearing capacity of the soil and minimize subsidence. With the development of technology in the geotechnical field, soil strengthening can be done by installing synthetic materials such as the use of geogrids. Geogrids rely on high tensile strength and low creep elongation, in the case of landslides the geogrids are placed in the soil layer, stockpiled and compacted layer by layer so as to keep the soil stable by distributing it into tensile strength. This experimen was conducted to determine the effect of long a geogrid sand soil beraring capacity and the number of layers of geogrid, the most efficient way to increase soil bearing capacity of shallow foundation of sand on the continuous load with a geogrid reinforcement the product of Tencate Geosynthetis asia Sdn Bhd (Malaysia) type GX 40/40 and The mean ultimate tensile strength 40 Kn/m. The experiment was performed using continuous foundation model placed on a transparent box filled with sand with the relative density (Dr) 20%-40% and given a perpendicular load using hydrolic jack. From the results of research known mode of failure that occurs is a kind of Local shear where the geogrid experienced the pull on the location around under the foundation with the top layer and the second layer having the pull is greater. On testing the placement of the geogrid layer the top to the foundation showed that the addition of strong carrying capacity of the largest obtained in LG/B = 3. On testing the use of geogrid 2 layers obtained by the distance between the sheets geogrid (s) show that the addition of strong carrying capacity of the largest obtained by a distance s = 0,4 B. On testing the installation of a layer of geogrid showed that strong support increased from mounting 1 layer into 2 layers and the addition of a number of further does not show the addition of support strong enough segn.

Biomimetic materials: An introduction

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarikaya ◽  
J. T. Staley ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
All Ceramic

Biomimetics is an area of research in which the analysis of structures and functions of natural materials provide a source of inspiration for design and processing concepts for novel synthetic materials. Through biomimetics, it may be possible to establish structural control on a continuous length scale, resulting in superior structures able to withstand the requirements placed upon advanced materials. It is well recognized that biological systems efficiently produce complex and hierarchical structures on the molecular, micrometer, and macro scales with unique properties, and with greater structural control than is possible with synthetic materials. The dynamism of these systems allows the collection and transport of constituents; the nucleation, configuration, and growth of new structures by self-assembly; and the repair and replacement of old and damaged components. These materials include all-organic components such as spider webs and insect cuticles (Fig. 1); inorganic-organic composites, such as seashells (Fig. 2) and bones; all-ceramic composites, such as sea urchin teeth, spines, and other skeletal units (Fig. 3); and inorganic ultrafine magnetic and semiconducting particles produced by bacteria and algae, respectively (Fig. 4).

The methodological approach for the determination of the pressure of artificial raindrops as a question of the theory of splash soil erosion

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mihail Zver'kov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Artificial Rain ◽  
The Impact

To the article the results of the theoretical and experimental researches are given on questions of estimates of the dynamic rate effect of raindrop impact on soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the current methods to determine the rate of artificial rain pressure on the soil for the assessment of splash erosion. There are the developed author’s method for calculation the pressure of artificial rain on the soil and the assessment of splash erosion. The study aims to the justification of evaluation methods and the obtaining of quantitative characteristics, prevention and elimination of accelerated (anthropogenic) erosion, the creation and the realization of the required erosion control measures. The paper considers the question of determining the pressure of artificial rain on the soil. At the moment of raindrops impact, there is the tension in the soil, which is called vertical effective pressure. It is noted that the impact of rain drops in the soil there are stresses called vertical effective pressure. The equation for calculation of vertical effective pressure is proposed in this study using the known spectrum of raindrops. Effective pressure was 1.4 Pa for the artificial rain by sprinkler machine «Fregat» and 5.9 Pa for long distance sprinkler DD-30. The article deals with a block diagram of the sequence for determining the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. This diagram was created by the author’s method of calculation of the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. The need for an integrated approach to the description of the artificial rain impact on the soil is noted. Various parameters characterizing drop erosion are considered. There are data about the mass of splashed soil in the irrigation of various irrigation machinery and installations. For example, the rate (mass) of splashed soil was 0.28…0.78 t/ha under irrigation sprinkler apparatus RACO 4260–55/701C in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The method allows examining the environmental impact of sprinkler techniques for analyzes of the pressure, caused by raindrops, on the soil. It can also be useful in determining the irrigation rate before the runoff for different types of sprinkler equipment and soil conditions.

Application of legacy soil data in digital soil mapping for the elaboration of novel, countrywide maps of soil conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Pásztor ◽  
E. Dobos ◽  
G. Szatmári ◽  
A. Laborczi ◽  
K. Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Digital Soil Mapping ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Soil Information

The main objective of the DOSoReMI.hu (Digital, Optimized, Soil Related Maps and Information in Hungary) project is to significantly extend the potential, how demands on spatial soil related information could be satisfied in Hungary. Although a great amount of soil information is available due to former mappings and surveys, there are more and more frequently emerging discrepancies between the available and the expected data. The gaps are planned to be filled with optimized digital soil mapping (DSM) products heavily based on legacy soil data, which still represent a valuable treasure of soil information at the present time. The paper presents three approaches for the application of Hungarian legacy soil data in object oriented digital soil mapping.

CONVENIENT PLANTING SCHEMES OF WHITE CABBAGE IN LATE-RIPENING AND THE DENSITY OF THE SEEDLINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Alisher Shokirov ◽  
◽  
Nilufar Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conditions ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Gray Soil

Planting schemes of “Sharqiya-2” and “Saratoni” varieties of white cabbage 70x30, 70x40 control, 70x50, 90x30, and 90x40 cm in the meadow-gray soil conditions of Uzbekistan were studied. A number of seedlings per hectare according to the planting scheme: 47.6; 35.7; 28.6; 37.0 and 27.8 thousand respectively

Method for determining the thermal resistance of reinforcing synthetic materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
Ihor Gameliak ◽  
◽  
Ivan Bernatsky ◽  
Liudmyla Dmytrenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Materials
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