scholarly journals Wintercresses (Barbarea W.T. Aiton, Brassicaceae) of the Canadian Maritimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Colin J. Chapman ◽  
C. Sean Blaney ◽  
David M. Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Herbarium Collections

We conducted a review of herbarium collections of the Wintercress genus (Barbarea W.T. Aiton) from the Maritime provinces. Most specimens previously determined to be the regionally rare native species Erect-fruit Wintercress (Barbarea orthoceras Ledebour) are in fact the uncommon exotic Small-flowered Wintercress (Barbarea stricta Andrzejowski). The latter species is here reported as new to Atlantic Canada, where it is scattered but widespread in the three Maritime provinces. Only three collections (two from New Brunswick and one from Nova Scotia) were confirmed as B. orthoceras. Its known range extent and area of occupancy in the Maritimes has been significantly revised, and B. orthoceras is now considered potentially extirpated in New Brunswick and extremely rare in Nova Scotia. One collection from Nova Scotia was referred to another rare exotic species, Early Wintercress (Barbarea verna (Miller) Ascherson), which represents the first record for the Maritimes.

New records of Melyridae (Coleoptera) from the Maritime Provinces of Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Majka
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
North American ◽  
New Records ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

The Melyridae (soft-winged flower beetles) are a diverse, abundant, and widespread family of beetles found throughout the world, with more than 300 genera and 6000 species worldwide (Mayor 2002). Melyrids are particularly abundant in dry, temperate regions of the world. Mayor's (2002) synopsis of the North American fauna includes 58 genera and 520 species. Bright (1991) tabulates 49 species in 14 genera in the Canadian fauna. Only one species, the introduced Palearctic Malachius aeneus (L.), was reported for Atlantic Canada, with records in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland.

The ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: review of collecting, new records, and observations on composition, zoogeography, and historical origins

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1590 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER G. MAJKA ◽  
YVES BOUSQUET ◽  
SUSAN WESTBY
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
New Records ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Faunal List ◽  
Historical Origins

The Carabidae of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are surveyed. The collecting history of the family in the region is reviewed. New records of 20 species are reported, 6 from New Brunswick and 15 from Nova Scotia. Six species are newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) as a whole. Six species are removed from the faunal list of Nova Scotia and one from the faunal list of New Brunswick. Consequently, 282 species of Carabidae are now known from Nova Scotia, 273 species from New Brunswick, and 329 from the Maritime Provinces as a whole. A new and earlier timeline (1942) is reported for the introduced Palearctic carabid, Bembidion properans (Stephens), in North America. The status of Stenolophus carbo Bousquet in the region is reviewed and its presence in Nova Scotia is considered doubtful. The historical origins of the Maritime fauna are discussed based on studies of post-glacial Coleoptera. These indicate at least three colonization phases, some elements of which are still apparent in the contemporary fauna. Elements of the native Nova Scotia fauna not found in New Brunswick (26 species), may represent colonization from New England across post-glacial land bridges and island chains. Elements of the native fauna found in New Brunswick and not Nova Scotia (31 species), may represent species that have reached the eastward limit of their distribution for climatic or environmental reasons; or that have found the Northumberland Strait and/or the isthmus of Chignecto an obstacle to geographical dispersal; or represent widely distributed boreal species (6 species) that should be sought in Nova Scotia. Eighteen species of Nova Scotia carabids have been recorded only from Cape Breton Island, two of which are known in Atlantic Canada solely from there. Although Cape Breton is separated from the mainland by the 1.5 km wide Strait of Canso, the number of flightless, native carabids present is proportionally greater than that in Nova Scotia overall, or the Maritime Provinces as a whole. Despite differences in land mass and distance to the neighbouring mainland, the faunas of Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island, and insular Newfoundland, exhibit similarities in size and composition, although Newfoundland's fauna has twice the proportion of Holarctic species. Cape Breton's carabid fauna is diminished compared to the neighbouring mainland, having only 57% of the native species. This may represent an island-associated diminution, the paucity of collecting, or a combination of both, although in comparison with other groups of Coleoptera the Carabidae appear relatively well represented. Within Atlantic Canada, New Brunswick has the lowest proportion (8.8%) of introduced carabids and the highest proportion (83.2%) of native, Nearctic species. Given the potential utility of carabids as bioindicators, and the wide range of disturbance to which the environment of the Maritime Provinces has been subjected, further research on this diverse group of beetles would be desirable.

scholarly journals A revision of Annularia and Asterophyllites species from the lower Westphalian (Middle Pennsylvanian) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 017-062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Álvarez-Vázquez ◽  
Robert H. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
European Literature ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Identical Composition

As part of a larger project to revise the systematics of lower Westphalian floras of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, the sphenopsid taxa are presently reviewed. We recognize 15 species, of which one, Annularia stopesiae, is new. Detailed synonymy lists allow a refinement of the stratigraphic and geographic ranges of these species. Scant attention has been paid previously to Canadian species in the European literature. For example, Annularia latifolia was described later from Europe as Annularia jongmansii. The identical composition of Westphalian floras from Canada and western Europe is striking.

Establishing past environmental conditions and tracking long-term environmental change in the Canadian Maritime provinces using lake sediments

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Korosi ◽  
Brian K. Ginn ◽  
Brian F. Cumming ◽  
John P. Smol
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Water Acidification ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Freshwater Resources ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressors ◽  
Surface Water Acidification

Freshwater lakes in the Canadian Maritime provinces have been detrimentally influenced by multiple, often synergistic, anthropogenically-sourced environmental stressors. These include surface-water acidification (and a subsequent decrease in calcium loading to lakes); increased nutrient inputs; watershed development; invasive species; and climate change. While detailed studies of these stressors are often hindered by a lack of predisturbance monitoring information; in many cases, these missing data can be determined using paleolimnological techniques, along with inferences on the full extent of environmental change (and natural variability), the timing of changes, and linkages to probable causes for change. As freshwater resources are important for fisheries, agriculture, municipal drinking water, and recreational activities, among others, understanding long-term ecological changes in response to anthropogenic stressors is critical. To assess the impacts of the major water-quality issues facing freshwater resources in this ecologically significant region, a large number of paleolimnological studies have recently been conducted in Nova Scotia and southern New Brunswick. These studies showed that several lakes in southwestern Nova Scotia, especially those in Kejimkujik National Park, have undergone surface-water acidification (mean decline of 0.5 pH units) in response to local-source SO2 emissions and the long-range transport of airborne pollutants. There has been no measureable chemical or biological recovery since emission restrictions were enacted. Lakewater calcium (Ca) decline, a recently recognized environmental stressor that is inextricably linked to acidification, has negatively affected the keystone zooplankter Daphnia in at least two lakes in Nova Scotia (and likely more), with critical implications for aquatic food webs. A consistent pattern of increasing planktonic diatoms and scaled chrysophytes was observed in lakes across Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, suggesting that the strength and duration of lake thermal stratification has increased since pre-industrial times in response to warming temperatures (∼1.5 °C since 1870). These include three lakes near Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, that are among the last known habitat for critically endangered Atlantic whitefish (Coregonus huntsmani). Overall, these studies suggest that aquatic ecosystems in the Maritime Provinces are being affected by multiple anthropogenic stressors and paleolimnology can be effective for inferring the ecological implications of these stressors.

Lacconotus punctatus and the family Mycteridae (Coleoptera) newly recorded in Atlantic Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Majka ◽  
Gary Selig
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Record ◽  
Saproxylic Beetles ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Developing Knowledge

AbstractLacconotus punctatus LeConte is reported for the first time from Atlantic Canada from a specimen collected in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. This is the first record of the family Mycteridae in the region. The bionomics and systematics of the species are briefly discussed. The report is also situated in the context of the developing knowledge of saproxylic beetles in the region.

Prize and Prejudice

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Margaret Kert
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Legal Evolution ◽  
Negative Reputation

This journal examines privateering and naval prizes in Atlantic Canada in the maritime War of 1812 - considered the final major international manifestation of the practice. It seeks to contextualise the role of privateering in the nineteenth century; determine the causes of, and reactions to, the War of 1812; determine the legal evolution of prize law in North America; discuss the privateers of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and the methods they utilised to manipulate the rules of prize making during the war; and consider the economic impact of the war of maritime communities. Ultimately, the purpose of the journal is to examine privateering as an occupation in order to redeem its historically negative reputation. The volume is presented as six chapters, plus a conclusion appraising privateering, and seven appendices containing court details, prize listings, and relevant letters of agency.

Introduced Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island: new records and ecological perspectives

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Majka ◽  
Joyce Cook ◽  
Susan Westby
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Adventive Species ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Native Habitats

AbstractSeven species of introduced Carabidae are newly reported in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank), Amara ovata (Fabricius), and Harpalus rubripes (Duftschmid) are newly recorded in Atlantic Canada as a whole. Possible modes of introduction of these species to the region are discussed. Several may have been introduced in association with dry ballast shipments. Some may have arrived via natural dispersion from neighbouring areas; others appear to have been present and undetected for a considerable time. The possible impact of such introductions is also discussed. Synanthropic environments have higher proportions of introduced species than relatively undisturbed, native habitats. Some adventive species do become widespread in native environments; however, negative impacts on native species may not be readily apparent.

scholarly journals The Derodontidae, Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, and Anobiidae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada (Coleoptera: Bostrichiformia)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1573 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER G. MAJKA
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Dinoderus Minutus ◽  
Saproxylic Species ◽  
Faunal List ◽  
Wood Boring

The beetle families of the Bostrichiformia—the Derodontidae, Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, and Anobiidae – in the Maritime Provinces of Canada are surveyed. Seventy-four native and established introduced species are now known to occur including 30 found in New Brunswick, 65 in Nova Scotia, and 29 on Prince Edward Island. Seven species are newly recorded from New Brunswick, 24 from Prince Edward Island, and 37 from Nova Scotia for a total of 68 new provincial records. A total of 31 species are newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces as a whole, three of which, Dinoderus minutus (Fabricius), Ernobius filicornis LeConte, and Ernobius granulatus LeConte, are newly recorded in Canada. Two species, Ptilinus pruinosus Casey and Caenocara oculata (Say), are removed from the faunal list of New Brunswick, and one subspecies, Attagenus unicolor unicolor (Brahm), is removed from the faunal list of Prince Edward Island since no specimens or published records could be found to support their presence.        Additional records of six other exotic species intercepted at ports and points in the region, but not established here, are also reported. A specimen of the Palearctic Ptinus bicinctus Sturm collected in 1915 in Nova Scotia, establishes a new early timeline for this species in North America. The fauna of the region is distinguished by the very large proportion (37 of 74 species, i.e. 50%) of which is introduced. It is also distinguished by the large proportion (22 of 37 species, i.e. 60%) of the indigenous, native fauna that is apparently rare, perhaps as a result of the historical impact of forest management practices on these wood-boring, saproxylic species. The fauna is further evaluated from both zoogeographic and ecological perspectives.

scholarly journals Filicopsida from the lower Westphalian (Middle Pennsylvanian) of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Maritime Provinces, Canada

2019 ◽  
pp. 001-055
Author(s):  
Carmen Álvarez-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Geological Museum ◽  
The Usa

This paper presents a taxonomic revision of filicopsid taxa from the lower to middle Westphalian strata of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Maritime Provinces of Canada. Most of the material represents sporadic historical collecting by Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) personnel, and specimens are in the GSC collections in Ottawa. Additional specimens are in the New Brunswick Museum at Saint John, the Fundy Geological Museum at Parrsboro, and the Joggins Fossil Institute at Joggins. Two specimens from outside Canada clarify specific characteristics. The revision involved the detailed examination of 20 adpression (mainly impression) taxa, of which one, Germera brousmicheae, is new. Detailed synonymy lists, with particular focus on records from Canada and the USA, facilitate a refinement of the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of these species. Most of the taxa from the Maritimes are the same as those from other parts of the paleoequatorial belt of Pennsylvanian times. The Maritimes record of filicopsid taxa closely resembles the filicopsid floras of western Europe, most notably the British Isles.

scholarly journals WOODVILLE ICE CAVE (HANTS COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA) AND NOTES ON THE ‘ICE CAVES’ OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perennial Ice ◽  
Snow And Ice

Several caves and sinkholes where snow and ice persist well into the summer exist in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In the past they were sometimes used as a source of ice or for cold storage, and are known locally as ‘ice caves’ or ‘ice holes’. Although they are not true ice caves in the speleological sense of the term because they do not contain perennial ice, they are very similar. Woodville Ice Cave in Hants County, Nova Scotia, described here, is a particularly good example. Invertebrates and bats recorded from such sites are briefly discussed and the possibility of finding psychrophilic fauna in them is suggested.Plusieurs grottes et dolines sont présentes là où la neige et la glace ne disparaissent que tard durant l’été en Nouvelle‑Écosse et au Nouveau-Brunswick. Autrefois, elles étaient parfois utilisées comme sources de glace ou aux fins d’entreposage sous froid. À l’échelle locale, elles sont connues sous le nom de glacières ou de puits de neige. Elles ne sont pas de véritables glacières au sens habituel dans le domaine de la spéléologie parce qu’elles ne contiennent pas de glace pérenne, mais elles sont très semblables. La grotte Woodville (Woodville Ice Cave) dans le comté de Hants (N.-É.) décrite dans leprésent document, est un très bon exemple. Nous discutons brièvement des invertébrés et des chauves‑souris observés dans de telles grottes et dolines, et nous suggérons qu’il est peut-être possible d’y observer des organismes psychrophiles.

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