scholarly journals Further to the Occurrence of Red Abalone, Haliotis rufescens, in British Columbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Sloan ◽  
D. C. McDevit ◽  
G. W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Giant Kelp ◽  
Haliotis Rufescens ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Red Abalone ◽  
Kelp Holdfast

We report on additional occurrences of Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens Swainson, 1822) that bring the total to seven from British Columbia coastal waters. Possible causes of the presence of Red Abalone include northward (winter) transport via kelp rafts from the Oregon-California area. We tested this hypothesis by performing DNA barcoding analyses on a fragment of kelp holdfast on the surface of one such shell establishing its identity as Nereocystis luetkeana (Mertens) Postels & Ruprecht - a giant kelp with a hollow stipe terminating in a bulbous pneumatocyst (gas-filled float). The occurrence of Red Abalone due to natural processes, besides being important biogeographically, has had important implications for indigenous peoples' pre- and post-contact trade and material culture.

scholarly journals A new hypothesis for the origin of Amazonian Dark Earths

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas C. R. Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Studart Corrêa ◽  
Jamie L. Wright ◽  
Barbara Bomfim ◽  
Lauren Hendricks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
In Situ Deposition ◽  
Amazonian Dark Earths ◽  
Landscape Formation

AbstractAmazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are unusually fertile soils characterised by elevated concentrations of microscopic charcoal particles, which confer their distinctive colouration. Frequent occurrences of pre-Columbian artefacts at ADE sites led to their ubiquitous classification as Anthrosols (soils of anthropic origin). However, it remains unclear how indigenous peoples created areas of high fertility in one of the most nutrient-impoverished environments on Earth. Here, we report new data from a well-studied ADE site in the Brazilian Amazon, which compel us to reconsider its anthropic origin. The amounts of phosphorus and calcium—two of the least abundant macronutrients in the region—are orders of magnitude higher in ADE profiles than in the surrounding soil. The elevated levels of phosphorus and calcium, which are often interpreted as evidence of human activity at other sites, correlate spatially with trace elements that indicate exogenous mineral sources rather than in situ deposition. Stable isotope ratios of neodymium, strontium, and radiocarbon activity of microcharcoal particles also indicate exogenous inputs from alluvial deposition of carbon and mineral elements to ADE profiles,  beginning several thousands of years before the earliest evidence of soil management for plant cultivation in the region. Our data suggest that indigenous peoples harnessed natural processes of landscape formation, which led to the unique properties of ADEs, but were not responsible for their genesis. If corroborated elsewhere, this hypothesis would transform our understanding of human influence in Amazonia, opening new frontiers for the sustainable use of tropical landscapes going forward.

“Boil them Hearts”

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-74
Author(s):  
Jason Redden
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Critical Exploration ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Academic Study

This paper addresses the academic conversation on Protestant missions to the Indigenous peoples of coastal British Columbia during the second half of the nineteenth century through a consideration of the role of revivalist piety in the conversion of some of the better known Indigenous Methodist evangelists identified in the scholarly literature. The paper introduces the work of existing scholars critically illuminating the reasons (religious convergence and/or the want of symbolic and material resources) typically given for Indigenous, namely, Ts’msyen, conversion. It also introduces Methodist revivalist piety and its instantiation in British Columbia. And, finally, it offers a critical exploration of revivalist piety and its role in conversion as set within a broader theoretical inquiry into the academic study of ritual and religion.

scholarly journals Bringing Ethics Review Home to Cowichan: Indigenizing Ethics Review in British Columbia, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cowichan Tribes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Ethics Review ◽  
Research Ethics Review ◽  
United Nations Declaration

Cowichan Tribes’ territory, located in the Cowichan Valley on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, is experiencing an alarmingly high rate of preterm births compared to the national average of Indigenous Peoples in Canada. In response, and in partnership with the First Nations Health Authority (FNHA), Cowichan Tribes is in the first year of a 3-year study to investigate causes. Cowichan Tribes’ Elders and community members are guiding the study to ensure it follows Cowichan Tribes’ research processes and to support self- determination in research. Furthermore, as a way to enhance reconciliation, Elders and community members guided an on-site ethics review on Cowichan Tribes territory. This article outlines the collaborative, in-person research ethics review process that Cowichan Tribes, Island Health, and FNHA completed on August 21, 2019. The purpose of this article is to provide suggestions other First Nations could use when conducting a research ethics review, and to explain how this process aligns with the principles of ownership, control, access, and possession (OCAP®), the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, and above all, the Cowichan snuw’uy’ulh (teachings from Elders).

scholarly journals Fate of diluted bitumen spilled in the coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 110691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia C. Johannessen ◽  
Charles W. Greer ◽  
Charles G. Hannah ◽  
Thomas L. King ◽  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coastal Waters

scholarly journals Foot injury survival in red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)

Aquaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 529 ◽  
pp. 735734
Author(s):  
Malina M. Loeher ◽  
James D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Haliotis Rufescens ◽  
Red Abalone ◽  
Foot Injury

Concentration and retention of Toxoplasma gondii surrogates from seawater by red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (13) ◽  
pp. 1703-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTEN C. SCHOTT ◽  
COLIN KRUSOR ◽  
M. TIM TINKER ◽  
JAMES MOORE ◽  
PATRICIA A. CONRAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Haliotis Rufescens ◽  
Red Abalone ◽  
Marine Snails ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Reduced Risk

SUMMARYSmall marine snails and abalone have been identified as high- and low-risk prey items, respectively, for exposure of threatened southern sea otters to Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic parasite that can cause fatal encephalitis in animals and humans. While recent work has characterized snails as paratenic hosts for T. gondii, the ability of abalone to vector the parasite has not been evaluated. To further elucidate why abalone predation may be protective against T. gondii exposure, this study aimed to determine whether: (1) abalone are physiologically capable of acquiring T. gondii; and (2) abalone and snails differ in their ability to concentrate and retain the parasite. Abalone were exposed to T. gondii surrogate microspheres for 24 h, and fecal samples were examined for 2 weeks following exposure. Concentration of surrogates was 2–3 orders of magnitude greater in abalone feces than in the spiked seawater, and excretion of surrogates continued for 14 days post-exposure. These results indicate that, physiologically, abalone and snails can equally vector T. gondii as paratenic hosts. Reduced risk of T. gondii infection in abalone-specializing otters may therefore result from abalone's high nutritional value, which implies otters must consume fewer animals to meet their caloric needs.

New Records of Seven Cusk-Eels (Ophidiidae) and Brotulas (Bythitidae) in Coastal Waters of British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Hanke ◽  
G Gillespie ◽  
K Fong ◽  
J Boutillier ◽  
J Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
New Records

Characterizing the metabolic actions of natural stresses in the California red abalone, Haliotis rufescens using 1H NMR metabolomics

Metabolomics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Rosenblum ◽  
M. R. Viant ◽  
B. M. Braid ◽  
J. D. Moore ◽  
C. S. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Haliotis Rufescens ◽  
Nmr Metabolomics ◽  
Red Abalone
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