scholarly journals Recent Invasion, Current Status and Invasion Pathway of European Common Reed, Phragmites australis subspecies australis, in the Southern Ottawa District

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Catling ◽  
Susan Carbyn
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
The Past ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Invasion Pathway

A survey of populations of native North American Common Reed (Phragmites australis subsp. americanus) and the introduced invasive alien, European Common Reed (Phragmites australis subsp. australis) was conducted in four eastern Ontario townships in 2003. The historical status of the two taxa in the region was evaluated through reference to herbarium specimens collected over the past century. The introduced subspecies appears to have entered the district in the 1970s and subsequently assumed dominance but was not recognized as an alien until 2003. It is now widespread in the four townships where ninety-five populations were recorded during the 2003 survey. Of these, 25 were referable to the native subspecies which was localized and 70 were referable to the introduced subspecies which was widespread. The native subspecies occurs in natural wetlands and also spreads to roadsides, but the introduced subspecies is much more strongly associated with roads, where the rhizomes extend onto gravel shoulders and are broken and transported by construction equipment, graders, ploughs, mowers, and in the treads of many kinds of vehicles. Sensitive wetlands should have buffer zones exceeding 1000 m to prevent colonization of subsp. australis. Monitoring of the two subspecies will be essential to the protection of native biodiversity, since early detection of the alien subspecies in a sensitive wetland will offer the best opportunity for control.

Leading Up to Marriage and Family

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Eve M. Brank
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Generational Changes ◽  
Legal Responsibilities

Being married and having children brings certain legal responsibilities and privileges. The current chapter addresses dating and other activities that occur prior to marriage or are related to getting married. In U.S. culture, dating is an important step before marriage and has undergone extreme changes throughout the past century. Once there is a promise to marry other issues are important to consider such as prenuptial agreements, breaches of promise to marry, and the choice of surname for one or both members of the marrying couple. Of course, not all individuals or romantic couples choose marriage. Rates of nonmartial cohabitation rates have continued to rise. These generational changes in premarital and nonmartial behaviors have important implications for contextualizing the current status of marriage.

Resolving Fusarium: Current Status of the Genus

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Summerell
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fungal Genus

The fungal genus Fusarium is one of the most important groups of plant-pathogenic fungi and affects a huge diversity of crops in all climatic zones across the globe. In addition, it is also a human pathogen and produces several extremely important mycotoxins in food products that have deleterious effects on livestock and humans. These fungi have been plagued over the past century by different perspectives of what constitutes the genus Fusarium and how many species occur within the genus. Currently, there are conflicting views on the generic boundaries and what defines a species that impact disease diagnosis, management, and biosecurity legislation. An approach to defining and identifying Fusarium that places the needs of the community of users (especially, in this case, phytopathologists) to the forefront is presented in this review.

Could marine animal conservation laws be responsible for the decline or extirpation of macroalgal populations in Bermuda over the past century?

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig W. Schneider ◽  
Christopher T. Flook
Keyword(s):  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Animal Conservation ◽  
Macroalgal Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractUsing over 10,000 archival herbarium specimens from Bermuda, we compared the presence or absence of seaweeds from a century ago with our more than 5000 collections from the last 30 years. Populations of parrotfish, important herbivores of macroalgae in the tropics, have increased since the 1993 amendment to the Bermuda 1978 Fisheries (Protected Species) Order. A fish pot ban for Bermuda was put into effect in 1990 to protect a variety of fish including parrotfish and several species of grouper, important predators of parrotfish that were rarely seen in island waters at the time. Intertidal grazing West Indian top shells were reintroduced in 1982 to Bermuda, and since then, along with the rise in parrotfish populations, inshore populations of many macroalgae have dramatically changed. We suggest that several large and abundant Bermuda macroalgal species recorded in the early 20th century appear to have been extirpated or are greatly diminished in sizes of individuals as well as population abundance, and propose that marine animal protections over the past 35 years are a possible reason for the changes we are presently observing.

scholarly journals Errata for 120(2): table of contents and 235-236; and 120(3): table of contents

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Francis Cook
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Communities ◽  
First Record ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Lontra Canadensis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
River Otter ◽  
Scavenger Activity ◽  
Invasion Pathway ◽  
Field Naturalist

Errata: The Canadian Field-Naturalist 120(2)Table of contents outside back cover:Conservation evaluation of Dwarf Wolly-heads, Psilocarphus brevissimus var. brevissimus, in CanadaGEORGE W. DOUGLAS, JENIFER L. PENNY, and KSENIA BARTON“Wolly-heads” should read Woolly-heads.Article page 235:First record of a River Otter, Lontra canadensis, captured on the northern coast of AlaskaSHAWN P. HASKELLIn abstract and citation “Lutra“ should be Lontra.Errata: The Canadian Field-Naturalist 120(3)Table of contents outside back cover:Recent invasion, current status, and invasion pathway of European Common Reed, Phragnites australis subspecies australis, in the southern Ottawa DistrictPAUL M. CATLING and SUSAN CARBYN“Phragnites“ should read Phragmites.Pacific Hagfish, Eppptatretus stoutii, Spotted Ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei, and scavenger activity on tethered carrion in subtidal benthic communities off western Vancouver IslandSARAH DAVIES, ALI GRIFFITHS, and T. E. REIMCHEN“Eppptatretus“ should read Eptatretus.

scholarly journals Winter Stoneflies of Illinois (Insecta: Plecoptera)

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 195-274
Author(s):  
Donald W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Illinois Natural History Survey ◽  
Habitat Specialists ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History Survey ◽  
Made In

Winter stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) are an aquatic group of insects whose adults emerge in IIlinois from late November to early April. Twenty-one species have been reported from Illinois. Extensive collections of winter stoneflies were made in Illinois during the 1920s and 1930s by Frison, the 1960s by Ross and “the winter stonefly club’, and the 1990s by Webb. These specimens are housed in the Insect Collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey and allowed for an evaluation of the current status of these species following a century of environmental change.Over the past century (1900-2000), the species diversity of winter stoneflies averaged 2.5 species per county with species reported from every county but 3 (Carroll, DuPage, Ford) and with 10 counties recording 5 or more species. Pope County (13 species) reported the greatest species diversity. During the recent resurvey (1976-2000), species diversity average 1.9 species per county withspecimens not collected in 11 counties, and only 3 counties (Hardin, Pope, and Saline) exhibited 5 or more species.Four species are considered extirpated from Illinois: Allocapnia illinoensis, Nemocapnia carolina, Paracapnia angulata, and Taeniopteryx parvula. Seven species were found to be common (known from more than 15 localities): Allocapnia forbesi, A. granulata, A. mystica, A. rickeri, A. vivipara, Taeniopteryx burksi, and T: nivalis. Four species are considered uncommon (known from 4—15localities): Allocapnia recta, Strophopteryx fasciata, Taeniopteryx metequi and Zealeuctra claasseni. Six species are considered rare (known from 1-3 localities): Allocapnia nivicola, A. smithi, Prostoia completa, Taeniopteryx lita, Zealeuctra fraxina, and Z. narfi. Significantly reduced patterns of distribution were noted in three species: A. granulata, A. mystica, and Strophopteryx fasciata. OnlyTaeniopteryx nivalis, previously rare, is now spreading its distribution across northern Illinois.There has been a modest decline during the past century in the diversity of stonefly species within various counties. Also, a trend was observed toward an increase in pollution-tolerant, “generalist” species with a decrease in pollution-sensitive, habitat “specialists.”

scholarly journals Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Meineke ◽  
Aimée T. Classen ◽  
Nathan J. Sanders ◽  
T. Jonathan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Past Century ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
The Past

Body Dysmorphic Disorder over the Past Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Jerome
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Description

This chapter reviews the history of dysmorphophobia, the precursor of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), in the world literature. The chapter also reviews the evolution of the more refined concept of BDD in recent years, its evolving definitions, and its current status as a distinct psychiatric illness. The first known clinical description of a syndrome describing patients who complain about their appearance as their primary concern dates back to Enrico Morselli’s seminal description in 1891. Morselli called this condition “dysmorphophobia,” a concern about imagined ugliness. Over the years, the nature of the excessive appearance concerns has been seen variously as a symptom of characterological disturbance, one manifestation of a continuum of obsessional disorders, or a discrete psychiatric illness. While many earlier descriptions of psychopathology have waned or disappeared, this intriguing and often severe disorder that involves a disorder of consciousness of the self has persisted into contemporary scientific literature.

Phragmites australis (common reed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Wetland Habitats

Abstract Phragmites australis, the common reed, is an aggressive, vigorous species which, in suitable habitats, will out-compete virtually all other species and form a totally dominant stand. Its invasive character has been particularly apparent in North America where it has become dominant in a range of wetland habitats replacing native species and biotypes including the native North American P. australis subsp. americanus. Bird, fish and insect populations can also be affected.

scholarly journals The Recent Spread and Potential Distribution of Phragmites australis subsp. australis in Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Catling ◽  
Gisèle Mitrow
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
St Lawrence River

To provide information on geographic occurrence, rate of spread, and potential distribution of European Common Reed, Phragmites australis subsp. australis, in Canada, we measured 1740 herbarium specimens from 21 collections across Canada, entered the information into a database, and mapped and analyzed these records. The European subspecies australis was first documented in Canada 100 years before it was recognized as an alien invader. It was not until the invading plants had entered a phase of rapid local increase after 1990 that they attracted sufficient attention that a comparison of the invasive and non-invasive plants was made. By 2001, two different races had been distinguished, and soon after they were separated as different subspecies. The first Canadian collection of the alien subsp. australis was made in southwestern Nova Scotia in 1910. By the 1920s, it occurred in southern Nova Scotia, along the St. Lawrence River near Quebec City and at Montreal. The first southwestern Ontario specimen was collected in 1948. Thus by 1950 subsp. australis was known from only four relatively small areas of Canada based on 22 collections. At this same time, the native race, subsp. americanus, had a widespread distribution in Canada represented by 325 collections. This strongly supported the comparable and limited distribution of subsp. australis at the time. By 1970, subsp. australis had spread locally but was still found only in southwestern Nova Scotia, in the St. Lawrence River valley, and in southwestern Ontario. By 1990, subsp. australis had become much more frequent in the St. Lawrence River valley and in southwestern Ontario, and it had extended westward into eastern Ontario. By 2010, it had spread throughout much of southern Ontario and southern Quebec, and it had a more extensive distribution in Atlantic Canada, but the biggest change was its spread into western Canada. It appeared in northern Ontario, northwestern Ontario, southern Manitoba, and interior southern British Columbia. The rate of spread is increasing and within a decade or two, based on the extent of appropriate plant hardiness zones currently occupied, it is expected to become abundant in the prairie provinces and across most of southern Canada.

scholarly journals The Great Disconnect: Reconnecting the Academy to the Profession

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bar Association ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines what the author calls “the great disconnect” between law schools and the profession. After a discussion of the purpose of law school and the current status of the academy and articling, the article traces the history of the relationship between law faculties and the profession over the past century. This relationship has, for the past 50 years, resulted in little connection between the academy and the profession. Recent efforts by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada to regulate curriculum have now made the relationship more important than ever.The author looks at the effect the great disconnect has had on Canadian law schools and makes a number of recommendations on their future relationship with the profession, including institutional links with law societies and the Canadian Bar Association. Curriculum reform can also help bridge the great disconnect by implementing an integrated approach to legal education proposed by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, an approach that is being implemented in many law schools across the United States.

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