scholarly journals Tree Recruitment Limitation by Introduced Snowshoe Hares, Lepus americanus, on Kent Island, New Brunswick

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor S. Peterson ◽  
Akane Uesugi ◽  
John Lichter
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Tree Recruitment ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Communities

Species introductions often have negative consequences for native plant and animal communities of islands. Herbivores introduced to islands lacking predators can attain high population densities and alter native plant communities by selective consumption of palatable plants. We examined the legacy of the 1959 introduction of Snowshoe Hares (Lepus americanus) to Kent Island, New Brunswick, by reconstructing a history of tree recruitment on Kent Island and on nearby Outer Wood Island, which lacks Snowshoe Hares. Tree-ring records show pronounced recruitment peaks associated with farm abandonment in the 1930s for Kent Island and in the 1950s for Outer Wood Island. Following the introduction of Snowshoe Hares to Kent Island, tree recruitment plummeted and has remained low ever since. In contrast, trees continued to establish throughout the latter 20th century on Outer Wood Island. The high rates of seedling mortality on Kent Island associated with Snowshoe Hare browsing coupled with high rates of canopy tree mortality threaten to degrade severely the forest of this important seabird nesting sanctuary.

scholarly journals Use of Spruce Plantations by Snowshoe Hare in New Brunswick

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Parker
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
Silvicultural Management ◽  
Snowshoe Hares

Spruce plantations in New Brunswick were examined for seasonal use by snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Summer live capture frequencies of adults and winter pellet densities served as indices of summer and winter use, respectively. Hares preferred plantations 11-16 years old both winter and summer. Winter use was correlated with the use (food) of deciduous tree and shrub twigs ≤ 2 m high and the availability (cover) and use (food) of conifer twigs ≤ 2 m high. Summer use was correlated with the availability (cover) of conifer twigs only. Hare densities were lowest in plantations supporting spruce twig densities ≤ 30/m2 and highest where densities > 120/m2. Deciduous twigs were browsed more intensively than conifer twigs. Elimination of potential cover (brush, slash, residual scrub conifer) should reduce damage to young spruce from hare browsing during the first few years after planting. Key words: Spruce plantations, snowshoe hare, New Brunswick, silvicultural management, forestry, animal damage.

Taenia macrocystis (Diesing, 1850), its occurrence in Eastern Canada and Maine, U.S.A., and its life cycle in wild felines (Lynx rufus and L. canadensis) and hares (Lepus americanus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl C. Bursey ◽  
Michael D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Lynx Canadensis ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Snowshoe Hares

Examination of 129 bobcats (Lynx rufus) from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Maine and 14 lynx (Lynx canadensis) from Newfoundland revealed the presence of adult Taenia macrocystis (Diesing 1850) in 86% of the bobcats and in all the lynx. Concurrent examination of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) showed that a high proportion of adult hares were infected with cestode larvae of the strobilocercus type. Scolices of these larvae were identical with scolices of T. macrocystis adults recovered from wild cats.Experimental infection of domestic cats with fresh larvae from hares yielded adult taeniids, within 42 days, which were identical with the adult T. macrocystis found in wild cats.Experimental infection of laboratory-reared snowshoe hares with eggs of these cestodes produced fully developed, infective strobilocercus larvae within 14 weeks, thus establishing that Lepus americanus acts as an intermediate host in the life cycle of T. macrocystis in northeastern North America.

The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Bashkim Selmani ◽  
Bekim Maksuti
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Further Development

The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.

scholarly journals Holocene polynya dynamics and their interaction with oceanic heat transport in northernmost Baffin Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jackson ◽  
Anna Bang Kvorning ◽  
Audrey Limoges ◽  
Eleanor Georgiadis ◽  
Steffen M. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
North Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ocean Conditions

AbstractBaffin Bay hosts the largest and most productive of the Arctic polynyas: the North Water (NOW). Despite its significance and active role in water mass formation, the history of the NOW beyond the observational era remains poorly known. We reconcile the previously unassessed relationship between long-term NOW dynamics and ocean conditions by applying a multiproxy approach to two marine sediment cores from the region that, together, span the Holocene. Declining influence of Atlantic Water in the NOW is coeval with regional records that indicate the inception of a strong and recurrent polynya from ~ 4400 yrs BP, in line with Neoglacial cooling. During warmer Holocene intervals such as the Roman Warm Period, a weaker NOW is evident, and its reduced capacity to influence bottom ocean conditions facilitated northward penetration of Atlantic Water. Future warming in the Arctic may have negative consequences for this vital biological oasis, with the potential knock-on effect of warm water penetration further north and intensified melt of the marine-terminating glaciers that flank the coast of northwest Greenland.

Shihab al-Din al-Marjan i about Ibn ‘Abd-al-Wahhab and his preaching on the material of the book “Wafi yat al-aslaf”

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-613
Author(s):  
D. A. Shagaviev
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
History Of

The article includes the translations of some fragments from the biographical work “Wafi yyat al-aslaf wa tahiyyat al-akhlaf” (“Devotion to the ancestors and greetings to descendants”) of the outstanding Tatar theologian Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (1818–1889), dedicated to the Arabian preacher Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792) and his religious teachings. The texts from the specifi ed source were compared with the other available sources in order to fi nd out which books and which authors Marjani relied on. The author of the article tried to fi nd out Marjani’s assessment of the teachings of Ibn ‘Abd-al-Wahhab and the actions of his followers.  As a result, it was revealed that the Tatar scholar used such historical works as “al-Ta‘ribat al-shafi yya” (“Convincing translations into Arabic”) by Rifa‘a al-Tahtawi (1801-1873) and “al-Mir’a al-wadhiyya” (“The Clear Mirror”) by Van Dyck Cornelius (1818-1895), theological treatises such as “Sulh al-ikhwan” (“Reconciliation of the brothers”) by Ibn Jirjis (1816-1882) and “Fath al-mannan” (“Disclosure of the Giver”) by al-Hazimi (d. 1866). Presumably, he also relied on “Tarikh ‘ajaib al-athar” (“History of the amazing heritage”) by al-Jabarti (1754-1822) and “Radd al-mukhtar” (“The answer to the bewildered”) by Ibn ‘Abidin (1784-1836). Marjani, assessing the teachings and activities of Sheikh Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, kept himself rather restrained and cautious, though he admitted the negative consequences of Abd al-Wahhab preaching that came in the form of Muslims accused of disbelief (takfir) destruction.

scholarly journals Carnivore distributions across chaparral habitats exposed to wildfire and rural housing in southern California

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Schuette ◽  
J. E. Diffendorfer ◽  
D. H. Deutschman ◽  
S. Tremor ◽  
W. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Coastal Sage Scrub ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Gray Fox ◽  
Striped Skunk ◽  
Occupancy Patterns ◽  
Animal Communities

Chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in southern California support biologically diverse plant and animal communities. However, native plant and animal species within these shrubland systems are increasingly exposed to human-caused wildfires and an expansion of the human–wildland interface. Few data exist to evaluate the effects of fire and anthropogenic pressures on plant and animal communities found in these environments. This is particularly true for carnivore communities. To address this knowledge gap, we collected detection–non-detection data with motion-sensor cameras and track plots to measure carnivore occupancy patterns following a large, human-caused wildfire (1134km2) in eastern San Diego County, California, USA, in 2003. Our focal species set included coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), bobcat (Lynx rufus) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). We evaluated the influence on species occupancies of the burned environment (burn edge, burn interior and unburned areas), proximity of rural homes, distance to riparian area and elevation. Gray fox occupancies were the highest overall, followed by striped skunk, coyote and bobcat. The three species considered as habitat and foraging generalists (gray fox, coyote, striped skunk) were common in all conditions. Occupancy patterns were consistent through time for all species except coyote, whose occupancies increased through time. In addition, environmental and anthropogenic variables had weak effects on all four species, and these responses were species-specific. Our results helped to describe a carnivore community exposed to frequent fire and rural human residences, and provide baseline data to inform fire management policy and wildlife management strategies in similar fire-prone ecosystems.

scholarly journals School-based interventions to address bullying

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bullying Prevention ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
School Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Bullying Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses

Following some background studies on the nature of school bullying, its prevalence, and the negative consequences it can have, this article reviews the history of anti-bullying interventions over the last 30 years. It considers several major programmes in detail, such as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, KiVa, Steps to Respect, and Friendly Schools. The nature and evaluation of the interventions is discussed, followed by a review of meta-analyses of the programmes effectiveness. Issues considered are the effect at different ages; components of interventions; work with peers; disciplinary methods, non-punitive and restorative approaches; challenges regarding cyberbullying; the role of parents; the role of teachers and teacher training; set menu versus à la carte approaches; sustainability of interventions and societal context. Conclusions show that interventions have had some success, with traditional bullying. However, further progress is needed in strengthening theoretical underpinnings to interventions, and in tackling cyberbullying.

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