scholarly journals Frequency of Tail Breakage of the Northern Watersnake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Bowen

I noted the frequency of broken tails of Northern Watersnakes, Nerodia sipedon sipedon, in the Beaver Archipelago of Northeastern Lake Michigan. Overall, 10% (22 of 220) of captured snakes had broken tails. This value is similar to published values for closely related snakes but is smaller than those reported for another Nerodia sipedon sipedon population. Unlike some previously published studies, the frequency of injured tails was not greater for females or lesser for first-year snakes. The mechanism behind the injury frequency observed here and the reason for differences between this and other studies are unknown.

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent M. Scudder ◽  
Nancy J. Stewart ◽  
Hobart M. Smith

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2254-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jory L Jonas ◽  
Randall M Claramunt ◽  
John D Fitzsimons ◽  
J Ellen Marsden ◽  
Brian J Ellrott

Excessive mortality from spawning through the first year of life is likely responsible for recruitment failures in many lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations. We evaluated relationships between interstitial predator species and lake trout egg deposition in three regions of the Great Lakes. The introduced crayfish Orconectes rusticus dominated the nearshore zone in northern Lake Michigan, whereas other sites in Lake Michigan and Parry Sound were dominated by native Orconectes propinquus. In Lake Champlain, sculpin (Cottus spp.) were the most common interstitial predator, yet densities were comparable with those in Lake Michigan. Predator densities in Lake Michigan (mean ± standard error = 15.5 ± 0.4 predators·m–2) were twice those in Lake Champlain or Parry Sound (6 ± 1 predators·m–2). Densities of eggs were higher in Lake Champlain (2994.1 ± 398.3 eggs·m–2) and Parry Sound (454.7 ± 36.3) than in Lake Michigan (7.5 ± 1.3; Kruskal-Wallis, P ≤ 0.05). Ratios of eggs to predator provide simple measures of the effectiveness of lake trout rehabilitation efforts. The average ratio calculated from 10 successful spawning locations is 190 eggs·predator–1·m–2. Ratios may help establish target egg densities for restoration efforts and the concentration of spawning adults required to allow survival to the fry stage.


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